Nhanganyaya kuPCB uye Mhando Dzakasiyana dzeMabhodhi eDunhu

MaPCB anopa hwaro hwezvinenge zvese zvemazuva ano zvemagetsi, kubva kumatoyi akareruka kusvika kumakomputa epamusoro. Kushanda sepuratifomu yekumisikidza uye yekubatanidza zvinhu zvemagetsi, dhizaini uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muPCB zvine simba rakakura pakuita kwese uye kugona kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

Iyi dhairekitori yakazara inovhara zvakakosha zvePCBs kutanga. Inobva yapa ruzivo pane yakajairika PCB akasiyana anoshandiswa kune ese mutengi uye maindasitiri emagetsi pamwe nemashandisirwo, zvakanakira, uye tradeoffs yemhando yega yega.

Chii chinonzi Printed Circuit Board?

Bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine insulating substrate material yakasimbiswa nemitsetse ye conductive copper traces mumatanho akatsanangurwa. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi uye maseketi akasanganiswa anokwira paPCB kuti aite basa. Iwo conductive traces anobatanidza akasiyana akaiswa zvikamu, achibvumira masaini uye simba kuyerera. MaPCB saka anopa nzira dzekuti zvikamu zvishande pamwechete semagetsi system kana subassembly.

Nepo mapuranga ekutanga edunhu airwadza neruoko-waya achishandisa point-to-point wiring, kuuya kwekugadzira photolithographic kwakagonesa mabhodhi ekutanga echokwadi akadhindwa edunhu. Nekupinza makemikari zvidimbu zvemhangura kuti zvigadzire zvisaririra munenge chero yakaoma patani, maPCB akagonesa otomatiki, akakwira-vhoriyamu kugadzirwa kweakaomesesa emagetsi masisitimu.

Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa sehwaro PCB substrate zvinosanganisira fiberglass composites seFR-4, yakanyanya advanced thermoset kana thermoplastic composites, ceramics, kana mune dzimwe nguva, aruminiyamu kana simbi yezvishandiso zvinoda thermo conduction. Sarudzo yePCB substrate inoisa zvipingaidzo zvakakosha pazvinhu zvakaita setembiricha yekushanda, dielectric zvivakwa, kupisa kwekupisa, uye maitiro ekugadzira.

MaPCB anoramba achifambira mberi kuti ashumire zvinobuda zvinotenderedza kusimba, kumhanya kwechiratidzo, kubata kwesimba, uye kuvimbika kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu, hunyanzvi hwekubatanidza senge yakakwira-density interconnect (HDI) uye mapofu/akavigwa vias, marapirwo akasarudzika senge goridhe rekunyudza kana ENIG, nekugadzira. maitiro ekuwana kushivirira kwakanaka uye madiki maficha.

Zvakanakira Kushandisa Mabhodhi Edunhu Akadhindwa

Nepo maturusi ekutanga emagetsi akashandisa wiring yemanyorero kana ekare ega kana maviri-layer mabhodhi, akawanda-layer PCBs ikozvino anotonga zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano nekuda kwemabhenefiti makuru anosanganisira:

• Complexity - Multi-layer mabhodhi anogara akanyanya kuomesesa maseketi ane huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu uye dense yekubatanidza nzira isingawanikwe nemaoko.
• Miniaturization -Kunyatsofambiswa maPCBs anoderedza zvakanyanya saizi uye kubvisa bulky mechanic connectors pakati pe subassemblies. Microvias inobatsira kuwedzera kuderera.
• kuvimbika -Otomatiki, yakakwira-chaiyo PCB yekugadzira inoguma mune yakanyatso kuenderana mhando inobvisa zvikanganiso zvirimo mumanyorero wiring.
• Thermal Management - Zvimwe zvinhu zvePCB zvinopa kupisa kuri nani uye kupararira pane dzimwe nzira sezvo mazinga emagetsi anokwira mumagetsi.
• havukavu -Yakanyatso dzorwa kuteedzera geometri paPCBs inogonesa chaiyo impedance yekufananidza yakakosha kune yakakwira-kumhanya masaini kusvika kune akawanda-GHz ma frequency.
• Serviceability -Modular subassembly PCBs inorerutsa kuongororwa uye kutsiva munda zvichienzaniswa nekuvaka monolithic.
• Kubudirira -Kana ma prototypes ekutanga asimbiswa, anochinjika PCB ekugadzira maitiro anobvumira zvakanyanya kukurumidza kukwira-kukwira-vhoriyamu kugadzirwa.
• Kusimudza - Yakajairika fomu zvinhu, maburi ekukwira, majoini nezvimwe zvinofambisa kubatanidzwa kwemamodule kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi pamaketani ekupa.
• Testability - Yakagadzirirwa-mune bvunzo mapoinzi, miganhu, uye kuwana inotsigira manufacturability uye munda diagnostics.

Uyu wakasarudzika musanganiswa wemabhenefiti uchatsigira maPCB semusana wemagetsi masisitimu pamidziyo yevatengi, midziyo, mota, zvivakwa zvekutaurirana, maindasitiri otomatiki, masisitimu ekudzivirira, uye nezvimwe kune ramangwana rinoonekwa.

Mhando dzeMabhodhi Edunhu Akadhindwa

Nepo ese maPCB achigovana nheyo dzakafanana, hukuru hwakakura hwemasisitimu emagetsi hunoraira huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvinhu zvePCB, nzira dzekuvaka, density uye humwe hunhu hwakanangana nekushandisa. Heano mapoka akapararira uye marudzi ePCB ari kushandiswa:

1. Single-Sid PCBs

Single-sided PCBs anoshandisa imwechete yakatetepa yemhangura layer yakamisikidzwa pane insulating phenolic kana fiberglass composite substrate. Kuvaka kuri nyore kunoita kuti idzi ive yakaderera mutengo PCB sarudzo.

Mashandisirwo: Maseketi asina kuoma anosanganisira magetsi, kugadzirisa analog, uye mwenje

Zvakanakira: Sarudzo yakachipa; inotsigira kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro; iri nyore kugadzira nekugadzirisa

Zvipingamupinyi: Kubatana kushoma uye kuwanda kwezvikamu

2. Maviri-Sid PCBs

Maviri-mativi maPCB anokunda imwe-layer yekubatanidza zvirambidzo nekuwedzera yechipiri conductive foil layer yakapetwa nemaburi anobatanidza mativi ese.

Mashandisirwo: Akakodzera macircuit akaomarara ane mwero akadai semaindasitiri ekudzora, magiya ekuyedza, uye mwenje we LED.

Zvakanakira: Inogonesa kuwanda kwezvikamu; inodhura kupfuura multilayer kune masisitimu asina kuoma; inobatsira zvimwe zvikamu zveSMT.

Zvipingamupinyi: Nzvimbo isina kuganhurirwa kana tichienzanisa ne multilayer; inodzivirira ma ultra fine pitch ICs.

3. Multilayer PCBs

Kuturika akawanda conductive uye insulating dielectric core substrate layers yakabatana nemicrovias inotsigira yakanyanyisa, yakaoma nzira isingagoneke kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira. Aya maPCB akawanda anotonga zvemagetsi zvepamberi senge mafoni, makomputa, mota dzemagetsi, uye masisitimu ekurapa.

Zvakanakira: Zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru, kuwanda kwezvikamu, kuita kuti zvive zvishoma, uye kushanda kwacho kuve nyore mupakeji diki uye dzinodhura.

Kuchinjana: Mari yekugadzira yakakwira zvikuru uye magadzirirwo akaoma ekusimbisa masaini/simba. Kugadzirisa kwakaoma nemaoko.

4. Flexible PCBs

Flexible substrates yakagadzirwa kubva kune akasimba mapolymer mafirimu anobvumira kubhenda maPCB kuti akwane asina kujairika contours mukati mezvinovharira zvigadzirwa akavharirwa uchipona kushushikana kwemagetsi.

Mashandisirwo: Yakanakira zvinhu zvinopfekwa, zvishandiso zve medtech, masisitimu emauto uko nzvimbo yakamanikana zvakanyanya.

Zvakanakira: Inoenderana nezvimiro zvakaoma; yakareruka. Inokwanisa kumira kuchinjika, kudedera, kana kumonyoroka.

Zvipingamupinyi: Mutengo wakakwira zvikuru; inotsigira maseketi ari nyore chete. Inoda manamati.

5. Rigid-Flex PCBs

Kubatanidza nzvimbo dzakaomarara dzebhodhi kuti uise zvinhu zvakaomarara uye nzira ine yakatetepa flex seketi yekubatanidza inogonesa yakanyatso shanda 3D marongero mukati meakaomerwa asina kujairika contours.

Zvakanakira: Inosanganisa kugona kwakasimba uye kunochinjika, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo ichengetedzeke uye ivandudze magadzirirwo emaindasitiri.

Zvaunofanira Kufunga nezvazvo: Mutengo wakakwira zvikuru; nzvimbo yakaderera/yepakati; zvinhu zvinonetsa zvikuru pakugadzira uye kuoma kwekugadzira.

6. HDI PCBs

Yakakwirira-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs ine microvias, mitsetse yakanaka nenzvimbo, uye matete dielectrics anotsigira epamberi inotakurika michina uye yakakwirira-kumhanya komputa inorongedza zviuru zvezvinobatana mukati me sikweya inch.

Zvakanakira: Kuomarara kwakabatana; kumhanya; zvisingadhuri kana zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hushoma, dzimwe nzira dzinoda vashandi vakawanda.

Zvekufunga nezvazvo: Zvinoda hunyanzvi hwakakura mukugadzira, kutevedzera, kugadzira maprototypes kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti masaini akanaka, simba remagetsi rinosvika, uye kuti anogona kugadzirwa zvakanaka.

7. Aluminium PCBs

Kutsiva yakajairwa insulating substrates ne thermally conductive aluminium metal core PCBs inotamisa kupisa zvakanaka kubva kune yakakwirira-simba zvikamu senge madhiraivha eLED.

Mashandisirwo: Zvishandiso zve LED, ma converter emotokari, magetsi, madhiraivha emota

Zvakanakira: Inopararira kupisa zvakanyanya; inobata simba rakawanda. Inotsungirira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemuchina. Inodhura zvishoma pane zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki.

Zvipingamupinyi: Zvikurukuru macircuit ari nyore; akaremara; njodzi dzengura dzisina matanho ekudzivirira.

8. LED PCBs

Ma LED PCB anoratidzira akakora mhangura akaturikidzana kugovera kupisa kwakasanganiswa neakadzika kupisa kwekudzivirira dielectric zvinhu zvakakosha kune mwenje we LED uye inoratidza uko dhizaini yekushisa inokanganisa zvakanyanya mutengo, kuvimbika, kupenya kunoenderana, uye hupenyu hwese.

Zvakanakira: Hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzima kupisa kuti uchengetedze kupisa kubva kuma LED ane chiedza chakawanda. Inobvumira ma LED module madiki.

Zvaunofanira Kufunga nezvazvo: Sarudzo yezvinhu, upamhi hwezvishandiso, maburi akavharwa kuti akwanise kutamiswa nekupisa. Kazhinji simbi kana kuti ceramic substrates.

9. FR-4 PCBs

FR-4 fiberglass yakasimbiswa epoxy laminate inopa chiyero chehupfumi chekugona kushanda seyakajairika PCB substrate kune ruzhinji rwevatengi-rusinganzwisisike uye mwenje maindasitiri masisitimu emagetsi asingasundidzire mahamvuropu.

Zvakanakira: Maitiro ekugadzira akura; mashandiro emagetsi ari pakati nepakati; mutengo wakaderera.

Zvipingamupinyi: Kupisa kunogumira pa130°C kwenguva yakareba; mwero wekunyudzwa kwesimba remagetsi unogona kukanganisa hunyanzvi hwemagetsi. Kurasikirwa kupfuura GHz shoma.

10. High-Frequency PCBs

Zvekufambiswa kwemashoko, maaerospace avionics, zvemagetsi zvekudzivirira uye zvesainzi zviridzwa zvinoda nyanzvi dzePCB zvinhu zvine hunhu hwemagetsi hunodzorwa kuti hushande mukati memicrowave, millimeter-wave uye multi-gigahertz spectrum.

Mabhenefiti: Inogonesa kutumira kwemagetsi zvishoma kusvika ku100GHz; inotarisira ma "dielectric constants" uye "low skew" pakati pema "frequencies bands".

Zvaunofanira Kufunga nezvazvo: Mari yakakwira zvikuru; saizi shoma dzemabhodhi; kutevedzera kwakaoma uye kuenzanisa kunodiwa.

11. High-Temperature PCBs

Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemotokari, maavionics ehondo, geothermal instrumentation uye downhole drilling equipment inobatsira kubva kune yakasimba, yakaderera-yekuwedzera PCB zvinhu zvinokwanisa kushanda zvakavimbika pamusoro pe 260 ° C kwezviuru zvemaawa ehupenyu hwehupenyu sezvinotsanangurwa neaya marefu-mumunda-hupenyu maapplication.

Zvakanakira: Inoshanda zvakanaka pamusoro pe260°C kwenguva yakareba; inotsungirira kutenderera kwakanyanya. Kukura kwekupisa kushoma. Zvinhu hazvitsvedzeri kupisa/kukombama. Kuomarara kwakanyanya.

Kuchinjana : Zvinodhura zvakanyanya; nguva refu kwazvo yekugadziriswa; hazvigoneke kugadzirisa.

12. Metal Core PCBs

Kusarudza substrate yesimbi senge aluminium kana mhangura inopesana neyakajairwa insulating laminates inoumba yekuparadzira kupisa inobvumira simbi yepakati PCBs kuti ibvise kupisa kwakanyanya kubva kune yakakwirira-simba zvinhu zvinojairika mumagetsi mota traction inverters, server CPUs, RF amplifiers, magetsi uye mamwe maapplication.

Zvakanakira: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunofambisa kupisa kubva kuzvinhu zvinopisa kuenda kumhepo iri pedyo. Kunobata simba rakawanda rinoramba richikura. Kunotsungirira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemakanika.

Zvipingamupinyi: Zvinonyanya kuiswa mumaseketi ari nyore anodhura zvishoma uye ane nzira shoma yekufambisa; zvinorema kupfuura macomposites; zvinogona kukonzera ngura kubva kugalvanic.

13. Makobvu Mhangura PCBs

Kupeta kana kupeta zvakapetwa kaviri 1-2 ounce mhangura foil ukobvu kusvika 4 kana 8 ounces inoshandisa zvikumbiro semasevhisi ekugadzirisa data uye telecom hardware inotakura masaini akawanda ekumhanya-mhanya mumagadzirirwo emitsara yekufambisa anobatsira kubva pakurasikirwa kwakaderera uye crosstalk inowanikwa uchishandisa mitsetse yakakora.

Mabhenefiti: Kurasikirwa kushoma pamagetsi akakwira kana kuti DC current densities kunovandudza mashandiro; maconductor akakora anorerutsa kuputira kunorema kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuchinjana: Nguva yakareba yekugadzira uye goho rakaderera zvinowedzera mari zvakanyanya; zvinongoshanda chete pamatanho ekugadzira akawanda-masaini.

Iyi dhizaini yegumi nenhatu akanyanya PCB akasiyana akashandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemagetsi anobatsira kurongeka kusarudzwa kukwirisa zvibodzwa zvekugadzira tekinoroji, nharaunda dzekushanda, hupenyu hwechigadzirwa uye mutengo.

mhedziso

Mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa anogadza hwaro hwekubatanidza uye kushandisa ese emagetsi zvikamu uye ICs kuti uwane system-level kushanda. Iko kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kwezvinhu zvePCB, kugona kwekugadzira, kusaina hunyanzvi, kutonga kwemafuta uye kurongedza kunofambisa kuwedzera kwekuwedzera mukumhanya kwekugadzirisa, data bandwidths, hungwaru hwakaiswa uye hunenge huwandu hwese hwekukodzera kwakatenderedza zvemagetsi.

Kunzwisisa kuwanda kwePCB tekinoroji inowanikwa pamwe chete neayo masimba uye kushaya simba kunobatsira mainjiniya ekugadzira mukufambisa tradeoffs zvakatenderedza mutengo, kugona uye zvipingaidzo zvemuviri.