Solder Mask Layer muPCBs: Nhungamiro Yevanotanga

Chii chinonzi Solder Mask?

Iyo solder mask, inozivikanwawo sekuti solder resist kana solder stop, inhete yekudzivirira inoiswa kune yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) pamusoro pematehwe emhangura uye mapadhi. Inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza mhangura kubva kune oxidation uye kudzivirira solder mabhiriji panguva yegungano. Iyo solder mask inowanzo gadzirwa nepolymer resin iyo inoshandiswa semvura uye yobva yaporeswa kuita danda rekudzivirira rakasimba.

Chinangwa chikuru chemasolder mask ndechekudzivirira kuti solder irege kuyerera ichienda kunzvimbo kwaisingafungirwe kuenda, senge pakati pematanho emhangura akanyatsoparadzaniswa kana pamusoro pePCB. Izvi zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti magetsi ekubatanidza paPCB anoitwa chete paanofanirwa kuve, achivandudza kuvimbika uye kushanda kwedunhu.

Mukuwedzera kune basa rayo rekudzivirira, iyo solder mask inobatsirawo kuvandudza kuonekwa kwese kwePCB nekupa yunifomu uye inopindirana pamusoro pekupedzisira. Inogonawo kubatsira kuvandudza kutengesa kwePCB nekupa nzvimbo yakachena uye yakatsetseka kuitira kuti solder ibatisise.

Chinangwa cheSolder Mask

Iyo solder mask inoshanda zvakati wandei zvakakosha mukugadzira PCB:

1. Corrosion Protection: Basa rekutanga reiyo solder mask ndeye kuchengetedza yakafumurwa yemhangura inoteedzera paPCB kubva kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro, guruva, uye oxidation. Kudzivirirwa uku kunobatsira kudzivirira ngura uye kunovimbisa kuvimbika kwenguva refu kwePCB.
2. Kuisa: Iyo solder mask inopa kusungirirwa kwemagetsi pakati pemhangura yemhangura uye zvimwe zvinofambisa zvinhu paPCB, senge zvikamu uye PCB substrate. Iyi insulation inodzivirira kusungirirwa kwemagetsi kusingatarisirwe uye mapfupi maseketi.
3. Solder Bridge Kudzivirira: Munguva yekushambadzira, solder inoshandiswa kugadzira hukama pakati pezvikamu nePCB. Pasina solder mask, kune njodzi ye solder bridging pakati pepadyo nemhangura traces kana pads, zvichikonzera mapfupi maseketi. Iyo solder mask inodzivirira izvi nekuvhara uye nekuparadzanisa mitsetse yemhangura nemapads.
4. Kuzivikanwa uye Aesthetics: Solder masks anowanikwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, ane girini ndiyo yakajairika. Rudzi rwemasolder mask rinogona kushandiswa kune zvinangwa zvekuzivikanwa, sekusiyanisa pakati pePCB dzakasiyana kana kuratidza chaiwo zvikamu kana mabasa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo solder mask inosimudzira aesthetics yePCB nekupa yunifomu uye inyanzvi chitarisiko.
5. Solderability: Iyo solder mask inobatsira kudzora kuyerera kwe solder panguva yekugadzira solder, kuve nechokwadi kuti inonamatira kunzvimbo dzakatarwa uye inoumba hukama hwakavimbika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvekumusoro-gomo components, uko kurongeka chaiko kwakakosha pakuita kwakaringana.

Pakazere, iyo solder mask chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira PCB, ichipa chengetedzo yakakosha, insulation, uye solderability yePCB, pakupedzisira ichipa kuvimbika kwese uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

Ndeipi Solder Mask Yandinofanira Kushandisa?

Paunenge uchisarudza solder mask yePCB yako, akati wandei akakosha zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutungamira sarudzo yako. Chekutanga, funga zviyero zvemuviri uye kurongeka kwepamusoro kwebhodhi rako. Kune mabhodhi ane maitiro akaoma, a liquid photoimamageable solder mask (LPSM) inogona kunge yakanyatsokodzera, sezvo inogona kupa zviri nani kusangana nemhangura traces uye laminate. Kune rimwe divi, kune mabhodhi ane nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakaoma firimu solder mask inogona kuve sarudzo iri nani, ichipa yakawedzera yunifomu ukobvu pabhodhi.

Chechipiri, funga nezve indasitiri zviyero zvinoshanda kune yako PCB yaunoda kushandisa. Maindasitiri akadai seaerospace, telecom, kana zvekurapa zvine kuvimbika zvinodiwa izvo zvinogona kuraira rudzi rwemasolder mask aunofanirwa kushandisa. Kutevedzera zviyero izvi kunovimbisa kuti PCB yako inosangana nemhando inodiwa uye mitemo yekuchengetedza.

Pakupedzisira, funga nzira yekushandisa uye kupera kwe solder mask. Iyo nzira yekushandisa, ingave yemvura kana yakaoma firimu, inogona kukanganisa ukuru hwemasiki uye kunamatira kune bhodhi pamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, kupera kweiyo solder mask layer, senge matte kana glossy, inogona kukanganisa mashandiro ePCB yako panguva dzekuita senge solder reflow.

Pakazere, nekunyatsoongorora zvinhu izvi uye kubvunzana nemugadziri wako wePCB, unogona kusarudza mask solder inoenderana nezvinodiwa nePCB yako uye inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana uye kuvimbika.

Mhando dzeSolder Masks

Solder mask inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza maPCB kubva kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu uye nekuona kuvimbika kwavo kwenguva refu. Kune akati wandei marudzi emasolder masks aripo, imwe neimwe ichipa yakasarudzika mabhenefiti uye akakodzera kune akasiyana maapplication. Kunzwisisa marudzi aya kunogona kukubatsira kusarudza yakakodzera solder mask yePCB yako yekugadzira zvinodiwa.

• Epoxy Liquid Solder Masks: Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yemasolder mask uye inoshandiswa seyemvura epoxy pamusoro pePCB uchishandisa silkscreen. Iyo epoxy yemvura inorapa panguva yekupisa, ichigadzira chidziviriro chepamusoro pamusoro pematehwe emhangura. Epoxy liquid solder masks inodhura-inoshanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri.
• Dry Film Photoimageable Solder Masks (DFSM): DFSM inoshandiswa sefirimu rakaoma paPCB uchishandisa vacuum lamination process. Iyo firimu inoratidzwa kune UV mwenje kuburikidza nephotomask, iyo inotsanangura nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kubviswa solder mask. Mushure mekuratidzwa, nzvimbo dzisina kuvharwa dzinoshambidzwa, dzichisiya kumashure kweinoda solder mask pattern. DFSM inopa kunyatso kudzora pamusoro pekuvhurwa kwemaski uye yakakodzera kune yakakwira-density PCB magadzirirwo.
• Liquid Photoimageable Solder Masks (LPSM): LPSM inoshandiswa semvura uye inorapwa uchishandisa UV mwenje. Iyo inopa yakakwirira resolution uye yakanakira maapplication anoda akaomesesa dhizaini uye chaiyo mask kuvhurwa. LPSM inowanzoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uko maPCB emhando yepamusoro anodiwa, senge aerospace uye michina yekurapa.
• Pamusoro uye Pazasi Side Masks: Aya anoreva masiki ekutengesa anoiswa kumusoro uye pasi pemativi ePCB, zvichiteerana. Ivo havataure kune chero chaiyo nzira yekugadzira kana zvinhu asi zvakakosha pakudzivirira mativi ese ePCB.
• Thermal Cure Liquid Solder Masks: Aya masiki ekutengesa anorapwa uchishandisa kupisa, izvo zvinobatsira mukuwana yakasimba uye yakavimbika yekudzivirira layer pamusoro pePCB. Thermal cure liquid solder masks anozivikanwa nekuita kwavo kwakanaka uye kuvimbika.
• UV Inorapika Liquid Solder Masks: UV inorapika solder masks inorapwa uchishandisa ultraviolet mwenje, ichipa inokurumidza uye inoshanda nzira yekudzivirira maPCB. Iwo akakodzera maapplication uko kukurumidza kupora nguva kunodiwa.

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo solder mask zvinoenderana nezvakasiyana zvinhu zvakaita semutengo, zvinodiwa zvekushandisa, uye maitiro aunoda kuita. Izvo zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu izvi nekungwarira kuti uve nechokwadi chezvakanakisa mhedzisiro yePCBs ako.

Solder Mask Dhizaini Mazano

Nepo iyo solder mask inogona kunge isingaite seyakakosha chikamu chePCB kugadzira, kusavapo kwayo kunogona kutungamira kune dzakakomba nyaya dzinoderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwePCB yako. Naizvozvo, semugadziri anoshingairira, zvakakosha kuti ufunge nezve solder mask yako PCB sevhisi ichashandisa.

Funga nezveSolder Mask Type uye Ukobvu

Kusarudzwa kwemaski yakakodzera solder kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira zviyero zvePCB yako, dhizaini yepasi, zvikamu, makonduri, uye chinangwa chekushandisa. Kana PCB yako iri yekushandisa mumaindasitiri akadzorwa senge hutano, kufonera, kana aerospace, zviyero zveindasitiri zvinokanganisawo sarudzo yako.

Liquid photo-imageable solder masks ndiwo anonyanya kuwanda muindasitiri yezvemagetsi nekuda kwekuita kwavo mutengo, kuvimbika, uye nyore kuona kukanganisa kwePCB panguva yekuongororwa kwemhando.

Ukobvu hwemasolder mask, kazhinji kutenderedza 0.5 mils pamusoro pemhangura traces, inonyanya kutsanangurwa nehupamhi hwemhangura. Mask yemvura inogona kusiyanisa muukobvu, kubva pa 0.3 mils pamusoro pezvakaomarara maficha kusvika 1.2 mils pamusoro penzvimbo isina chinhu laminate.

Gara uchisanganisira Solder Mask mune Yako Dhizaini

Mitemo yekugadzira PCB inoda kuti chifukidzo chesolder chive chikamu chayo mumafaira eGerber. Sezvo zvikamu zvemask mumafaira eGerber zviri mifananidzo isina kunaka, nzvimbo dzine mavara hadzizofukidzwe nechifukidzo. Unofanira kufukidza PCB yese ne chifukidzo chesolder, uchisiya nzvimbo dzekuisa zvikamu pamwe nemapoinzi auri kuronga kushandisa senzvimbo dzekuyedza.

Iyo mask apertures inofanirwa kugadziridzwa kuti ive 4 mils yakafara kupfuura pedhi yemhangura. Kudhinda mask kuhukuru hwakafanana nepedhi kunogona kukonzera kuti ive pakati zvisizvo, zvichigona kuvhara mamwe mapadhi emhangura.

Dzimwe nguva, purojekiti inogona kuda yakatsanangurwa padhi, iyo inoitika kana solder mask yekuzorora (nzvimbo yePCB isina kuvharwa kuti igone kuonesa nyore kuona kwePCB hurema) yakafanana kana diki saizi pane yakafumurwa padhi.

Narrow mask kuvhurika kunogona kubatsira kana mask madhamu achidikanwa pakati pemapads, asi pane isina kukwana nzvimbo yekuvagadzika vachiri kuomerera kune iyo 2-mil-border standard. Wako wePCB sevhisi anozoda kuti uise chinyorwa chekugadzira mugwaro reGerber kana iwe uchida dhamu remasiki asi usingade kuti mamwe maburi agadziriswe.

Inhibit Solder Mask Relief Matambudziko

Nzvimbo dzekubvisa masiki dzinoshandiswa nesolder mask dzinowanzo komberedza mapedhi anoiswa pamusoro, mapedhi anoburitswa nepakati, nzvimbo dzekuyedza, uye mavias semiganho yekukanganisa panguva yekugadzira PCB . Nzvimbo iri pakati pemareli maviri ekukurumidza inozivikanwa se masiki dam.

Iyo chaiyo solder mask dhamu zviyero zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemask, iyo zvakare inovimba nerudzi rwerudzi. Yakadzika-resolution mimvuri senge nhema, chena, uye yero inogona kusanamira pamusoro penzvimbo mudiki saizi, zvichikonzera mashoma mapedhi anooneka paPCB zvichienzaniswa nepamusoro-resolution mask shades.

Kune chero saizi yePCB , kana chifukidzo chemasiki chekusolder chakakura, chifukidzo chemasiki chekusolder chichava chidiki. Zvisinei, zvifukidzo zvakakura zvinogona kudzvanya madhamu kupfuura chiyero chinokurudzirwa, zvichiratidza nzvimbo huru dzinobvumirwa uye zvichigadzira mabhiriji ekusolder panguva yekugadzira. Kusiyana neizvi, kuderedzwa kudiki kunogona kutungamira mukusvibiswa kwepad nemasiki, zvichigadzira nzvimbo dzisina kuenzana dzinonetsa kusolder.

Unogona kudzivirira solder mask yekuyamura nyaya nekuchengeta mareliefs mukati meyakakurudzirwa 2-mil muganhu. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise yako solder mask color kubva pakutanga kwedhizaini yako. Yakakwira-resolution mimvuri segirinhi, tsvuku, bhuruu, uye yakajeka inobvumidza madiki madhiri edhamu kunyangwe mune gobvu mapatani.

Solder Mask Manufacturing Process

Kunyange vamwe vangafunga kuti kugadzira masiki ekutengesa kunoda tekinoroji yekucheka, zvinogoneka kuDIY mask solder yemapurojekiti akareruka ePCB. Nekudaro, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwechigadzirwa kunogona kuve kwakaoma. Muindasitiri PCB kugadzira, muitiro kugadzira solder masiki iri kure nyore. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kutevedzera mirau yakasimba senge ISO9001, UL, uye RoHS zviyero.

Iyo solder mask yekugadzira maitiro inosanganisira akawanda nhanho inoda yakakwira nhanho, matekinoroji epamusoro, ruzivo rwakakura rwekugadzira, uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Heino mhedziso yeyakakosha solder mask yekugadzira maitiro:

Danho 1: Kuchenesa Bhodhi

Nyatsochenesa bhodhi kuti ubvise guruva uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa kubva pamusoro. Mushure mekuchenesa nekusuka, omesa bhodhi zvakakwana usati waenda kune imwe nhanho.

Nhanho 2: Solder Mask Ink Coating

Takura bhodhi rakachena, rakaoma mumuchina wekunamira wakamira kuti uise ino solder mask ink coating. Ukobvu hwekuputira hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sePCB kuvimbika zvinodiwa, application, uye ukobvu hwebhodhi. Iyo PCB yepamusoro inogona kunge isiri yakatsetseka sezvaitarisirwa, saka ukobvu hwekuputira hunosiyana kana hukaiswa kune akasiyana PCB zvikamu senge traces, substrates, uye foil yemhangura. Vagadziri vanowanzove neakananga coating ukobvu nhungamiro zvichibva pakukwanisa kwemidziyo uye ruzivo rwekugadzira.

Danho rechitatu: Pre-kuomesa

Pre-kuomesa majasi kuti aite akasimba. Izvi zvinofambisa kubviswa kwezvikamu zvisingadiwi panguva yekukura.

Nhanho 4: Kufananidza uye Kuomesa

Isa firimu rinoonekera rine mifananidzo yedunhu paPCB woriisa pachena kune UV mwenje. Iyi nzira inoomesa solder mask yakavharwa nefirimu uye pre-inoomesa chikamu chemufirimu chakafukidzwa nemifananidzo. Kurongeka kwakaringana panguva yekuomeswa kwakakosha kudzivirira kuratidzwa kwefoil yemhangura isina kusarudzwa, iyo inogona kugadzira mapfupi.

Danho rechitatu: Kuvandudza

Isa bhodhi mumugadziri kuti abvise masikisi ese asingadiwi, achifumura foil yemhangura yakasarudzwa.

Nhanho 6: Kuomesa Kwekupedzisira uye Kuchenesa

Ita kuomesa kwekupedzisira kuti uve nechokwadi chekumisikidzwa kweiyo solder mask inki kubhodhi. Chenesa zvikamu zvese zvePCB zvakafukidzwa nemasiki ekutengesa usati waunganidza zvigadzirwa.

mhedziso

Chifukidzo chesolder chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira PCB , chinopa dziviriro yakakosha, insulation, uye kugona kusundidzira PCB. Chinoita basa rakakosha pakuona kuvimbika uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi nekudzivirira mabhiriji e solder, kudzivirira kubva mukuora, kupa insulation, uye kuwedzera chitarisiko chePCB.

Paunenge uchisarudza solder mask, funga zvinhu zvakaita sechimiro chebhodhi rako, zviyero zveindasitiri, uye zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Liquid photoimageable solder masks anowanzo shandiswa nekuda kwekudhura-kushanda uye kuvimbika, asi sarudzo pakati pemvura uye yakaoma firimu masks zvinoenderana nepamusoro petopography yebhodhi rako.

Pakazere, kusarudza iyo yakakodzera solder mask uye kuomerera kune akanakisa maitiro mune solder mask dhizaini uye kugadzira kwakakosha pakugadzira emhando yepamusoro, yakavimbika PCB yemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. Nekunzwisisa kukosha kweiyo solder mask uye nekutevera nhungamiro idzi, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti maPCB ako anosangana nezvinodiwa uye anoita nemazvo mumashandisirwo avanoda.