Chii chinonzi Solder Mask? Zvakanakira Zvayo, Mhando, Maitiro

Munyika yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, maPrinted Circuit Boards ( PCBs ) ndiwo musimboti wezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvese. Kuvimbika, kushanda, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvishandiso izvi zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nehunhu uye kuvimbika kwemaPCB anoshandiswa. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwePCB chinokanganisa zvakananga zvinhu izvi imasiki emuchina. Pasinei nebasa rayo guru, kukosha kwemasiki emuchina kunowanzo furatirwa kana kusakosheswa nevakawanda vari kunze kwemunda wekugadzira maPCB. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa ndechekupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemasiki emuchina, tichikurukura mhando dzawo, zvakanakira, maitiro ekushandisa, uye magadzirirwo, zvese tichitarisa pamatanho nemaitiro eindasitiri.

Chii chinonzi Solder Mask?

Solder mask chigadziko chekudzivirira chinoshandiswa kuPCB pamusoro iyo inoshandisa zvinangwa zvakawanda mukugadzira uye panguva yehupenyu hwekushanda kwePCB. Basa rayo rekutanga nderekuisa simbi yemhangura kubva kune oxidation uye zvimwe zvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuora kana magetsi mapfupi. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo solder mask inodzivirira mabhiriji ekutengesa kubva pakuumbwa pakati pepadhuze padhuze solder, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kubatanidza magetsi kusingatarisirwe uye kusashanda kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi.

Iyo solder mask inowanzoitika polymer-based material iyo inogona kupfapfaidzwa semvura kana kuiswa sefirimu rakaoma. Inobva yaporeswa kuti iite danda rekudzivirira rakasimba. Iri danga rakakosha kwete chete kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwePCB panguva yekuungana uye kushanda asiwo pakuona kuti PCB inosangana neyakaomarara miyero inodiwa kune yakakwirira-yakavimbika maapplication mumaindasitiri akadai seaerospace, midziyo yekurapa, uye telecommunications.

Basa reSolder Mask muPCB Manufacturing

Kukosha kweiyo solder mask muPCB kugadzira hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona kusimba, kuvimbika, uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Pazasi pane mamwe mabhenefiti akakosha ayo solder mask inopa:

1. Dziviriro Kurwisa Oxidation: Rimwe remabasa ekutanga e solder mask ndeye kuchengetedza yakafumurwa mhangura paPCB kubva kune oxidation. Oxidation inogona kukanganisa conductive zvivakwa zvemhangura, zvichiita kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kana kukundikana kwedunhu.
2. Kudzivirirwa kweSolder Bridges: Munguva yekushambadzira, kunyanya mune otomatiki maitiro senge wave soldering kana reflow soldering, pane njodzi yekugadzira mabhiriji ekutengesa pakati pemapadhi ari padyo. Solder masks anobatsira kudzikamisa njodzi iyi nekupa chipingamupinyi chemuviri chinodzivirira solder kubva pabhiriji pakati pemapads.
3. Enhanced Electrical Insulation: Solder mask inoshanda senge insulating layer, ichidzivirira kusingatarisirwe kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi pakati pezviteshi zvakapatsanurwa uye zvikamu. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mu-high-density PCBs uko maronda ari pedyo zvakanyanya kune mumwe nemumwe.
4. Kuderedzwa kweSolder Ball Formation: Munguva ye reflow soldering process, mabhora madiki e solder dzimwe nguva anogona kuumba uye kukonzera mapfupi maseketi. Solder masks anobatsira kudzikisa kuumbwa kweaya mabhora ekutengesa, nekudaro kuderedza njodzi yemagetsi mapfupi.
5. Yakavandudzwa Kuona Kuongorora uye Aesthetics: Yakashandiswa zvakanaka solder mask haingogadziri kujekesa kwekuona kwePCB, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora kukanganisa, asiwo inowedzera kutaridzika kwekunaka kwebhodhi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune zvemagetsi zvemagetsi uko kutaridzika kwePCB kunogona kuva nzvimbo yekutengesa.

Mhando dzeSolder Masks

Kusarudza iyo chaiyo mhando yemasolder mask kwakakosha pakuita kwese uye kuvimbika kwePCB. Kusarudzwa kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira mashandisirwo ePCB, kusimba kunodiwa, uye maitiro ekugadzira. Pazasi, isu tinoongorora akajairika marudzi emasolder masks anoshandiswa muindasitiri:

1. Liquid Epoxy Solder Mask

Liquid epoxy solder masks ndeimwe yesarudzo dzehupfumi dziripo. Izvi zvinowanzoiswa kuPCB uchishandisa silkscreen kudhinda maitiro. Iyo yemvura epoxy ipolymer iyo, kana yangoiswa, inorapwa kupisa kwekusimbisa uye kunamatira kune PCB pamusoro. Nepo rudzi urwu rwemasolder mask ruchidhura, rune zvimwe zvinogumira maererano nekugadzirisa uye nemazvo, zvichiita kuti risakodzere maPCB akanyanya-density ane maitiro akanaka kwazvo.

Zvakanakira :

• Inodhura-inoshanda uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya.
• Inokodzera yakaderera kusvika pakati kuomarara PCBs.

Miganhu :

• Yakaderera resolution kana ichienzaniswa neinogoneka solder masks.
• Haina kunaka kune yakakwirira-density kana yakakwirira-yakavimbika maapplication.

2. Liquid Photoimamageable Solder Mask (LPSM)

Liquid Photoimageable Solder Mask (LPSM) imhando yepamusoro yesolder mask iyo inoiswa kungave nesilikascreening kana nekupfapfaidza. Inoshandisa photolithography kutsanangura nzvimbo iyo solder mask inofanira kugara uye kwainofanira kubviswa. Maitiro acho akafanana neanoshandiswa mukugadzira semiconductor, uko photomask inoshandiswa kufumura yaidiwa pateni.

LPSM inopa resolution yepamusoro uye yakakodzera maPCB akaomarara, ane density yakakura uko kunyatsorongeka kwakakosha. Kushandiswa kweLPSM kwakapararira muindasitiri yezvemagetsi nekuda kwekuenzanisa kwayo kushanda zvakanaka, kunyatsorongeka, uye kuvimbika.

Zvakanakira :

• Kugadziriswa kwepamusoro, kwakakodzera kune zvakanaka-pitch zvikamu.
• Nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa (silkscreening kana kupfapfaidza).
• Yakavimbika kune yakakwirira-density uye yakakwirira-yakavimbika PCBs.

Miganhu :

• Zvinodhura kupfuura liquid epoxy solder masks.
• Inoda mamwe chaiwo ekugadzirisa mamiriro.

3. Dry Film Solder Mask (DFSM)

Dry Film Solder Mask (DFSM) imwe yakakwira-resolution solder mask, inowanzo shandiswa uchishandisa vacuum lamination. Iri rudzi rwemasolder mask rinouya muchimiro chefirimu rakaoma, rinonamatira kuPCB pasi pevacuum kudzivirira mabhuru uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvhara. Mushure mekuchenesa, firimu rinoratidzwa kuUV mwenje kuburikidza nefotomask, yakafanana neiyo LPSM maitiro, kutsanangura solder mask pateni. Nzvimbo dzisina kuvharwa dzinobva dzabviswa, uye mask yakasara inorapwa nemafuta.

DFSM inonyanya kukodzera maPCB ane mabasa akanaka kwazvo uye inowanzoshandiswa mumashandisirwo anodiwa pakuita zvinhu zvine hungwaru uye kuvimbika, senge mumagetsi ehondo neemuchadenga.

Zvakanakira :

• High resolution, yakanakira akanyanya kunaka maficha.
• Yakanakisa adhesion uye kufukidzwa.
• Inokodzera kushandiswa kwepamusoro-kuvimbika.

Miganhu :

• Zvinodhura uye zvakaoma kushandisa kupfuura mamwe marudzi emasolder masks.
• Inoda hunyanzvi hwekushandisa uye kugadzirisa.

Iyo Solder Mask Application Maitiro

Maitiro ekuisa solder mask kuPCB inzira yakawanda-nhanho inoda kutarisisa kune zvakadzama kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinosangana nezvinodiwa. Pazasi pane tarisiro yeiyo solder mask application process:

1. Board Cleaning

Usati waisa solder mask, PCB inofanira kunyatsocheneswa kubvisa chero tsvina, yakadai seguruva, girisi, kana oxidation, inogona kukanganisa kunamatira kwemask inotengeswa. Maitiro ekuchenesa anowanzo sanganisira musanganiswa wekucheneswa kwemakemikari uye kukwesha kwemuchina, kuchiteverwa nekusuka nekuomesa.

2. Solder Mask Application

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe solder mask iri kushandiswa, maitiro ekushandisa anogona kusiyana:

• YeLiquid Epoxy: Iyo epoxy yemvura inoiswa kuPCB uchishandisa silkscreen process. Iyo maski inozowaridzwa pabhodhi kuvhara nzvimbo dzese kunze kwemapedhi uye vias.
• YeLPSM: Iyo yemvura solder mask inogona kunge yakashongedzwa nesiriki kana kupfapfaidzwa paPCB. A photomask rinobva rashandiswa kufumura maitiro aidiwa, mushure mezvo nzvimbo dzisina kuvharwa dzinoshambidzwa.
• YeDFSM: Iyo firimu yakaoma inoiswa paPCB uchishandisa vacuum lamination. Iyo bhodhi inozoratidzwa kune UV mwenje kuburikidza nephotomask, uye nzvimbo dzisina kuburitswa dzefirimu dzinobviswa.

3. Pre-Hardening

Mushure mekunge solder mask yaiswa, inopinda pre-kuomesa maitiro apo inorapwa zvishoma. Iyi nhanho inobatsira kudzikamisa mask uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kubvisa zvikamu zvisingadiwe panguva yekukura.

4. Kufananidzira uye Kuratidzira

Mune ino nhanho, iyo PCB ine yakashandiswa solder mask inowirirana nephotomask ine inodiwa solder mask pattern. Iyo gungano inozoratidzwa kune UV mwenje, iyo inoomesa solder mask munzvimbo dzakavhurika ichisiya nzvimbo dzisina kuvhurika dzakapfava uye dzinobviswa.

5. Kukudziridza

Iyo PCB inozoiswa mune yekuvandudza mhinduro inobvisa yakapfava, isina kuvhurika solder mask material, ichiratidza ari pasi pemhangura pads uye zviteshi zvinoda kusiiwa zvisina kufukidzwa. Iyo yakasara solder mask inoporeswa zvizere kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka kuPCB.

6. Kuoma Kwekupedzisira uye Kuchenesa

Nhanho yekupedzisira mukuita iyi inosanganisira kupora kwakazara kweiyo solder mask, kazhinji uchishandisa nzira yekupisa, kuve nechokwadi chekusimba uye kunamatira. Mushure mekurapa, PCB inocheneswa kubvisa chero zvisaririra kana zvinosvibisa, zvichisiya nzvimbo yakatsetseka, yakachena yakagadzirira kuungana.

Solder Mask Ukobvu: Kufunga Kwakakosha

Chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha mukugadzira uye kushandiswa kwemasolder mask ndiko ukobvu hwayo. Solder mask ukobvu inopesvedzera zvakananga kushanda kwemask mukuchengetedza PCB uye kuve nechokwadi chekutengesa kwakavimbika. Kana iyo solder masiki ukobvu yakakura kwazvo, inogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzinoda kuburitswa kuti dzinotengeswa, senge pads uye vias. Sezvineiwo, kana iyo solder mask ukobvu isina kukwana, inogona kusapa dziviriro yakakwana kubva kune oxidation kana kukuvara kwemuchina.

Yakajairika Solder Mask Ukobvu:

• Kune mazhinji maPCB, ukobvu hwemasolder mask hunosvika 0.5 mils (12.7 microns) pamusoro pemhangura traces inokurudzirwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvePCB.
• Nzvimbo dzisina zvikamu dzinogona kuve ne solder mask makubvu anosvika 1.2 mils (30.48 microns), nepo nzvimbo dzakaomesesa, sedziya dzine dense redunhu maficha, dzingada yakatetepa application, yakaderera se 0.3 mils (7.62 microns).

Kudzora Solder Mask Ukobvu:

• Liquid Solder Masks: Ukobvu hwemvura solder masks hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzira yekushandisa. Kupfapfaidza kunopa hukobvu hwakafanana, nepo silkscreening inogona kukonzera mutsauko mubhodhi.
• Dry Film Solder Masks: DFSMs inopa humwe hutongi pamusoro pehukobvu nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwelamination, iyo inogona kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwakafanana muPCB.

Kuve nechokwadi cheiyo yakakodzera solder mask ukobvu kwakakosha kuti uwane chiyero chinodiwa pakati pekudzivirira uye kushanda. Izvo zvakakoshawo pakusangana nezviyero zveindasitiri, kunyanya mukuvimbika-kwepamusoro maapplication uko kunodiwa kutonga chaiko pamusoro pezvinhu zvese zvePCB kugadzira maitiro.

Dhizaini Mafungiro eSolder Mask

Kusarudza nekutsanangura chikamu chemasiki anosonerwa hachisi sarudzo yekushongedza chete—zvinokanganisa zvakananga kugona kusona, nzvimbo yekuputira, kujeka kwekuongorora, uye kugona kugadzirwa. Pazasi pane mitemo mikuru yekugadzira masiki anosonerwa uye maparamita anowanzo ongororwa panguva yekugadzira PCB neDFM.

1. Ukobvu hweMask yeSolder

Ukobvu hwemasiki esimbi hunofanira kudzorwa kuti hudzivirire pasina kukanganisa kusvibiswa kwepedhi kana kunyorovesa solder. Ukobvu hwechinhu chinotsvakwa hunoenderana nerudzi rwemasiki esimbi (semuenzaniso, inogona kutorwa mifananidzo yemvura kana firimu rakaoma), nzira yekushandisa, uye huwandu hwemagadzirirwo acho. Pamagadzirirwo epitch yakapfava, kuenderana kunokosha seukobvu hwezita.

2. Nzvimbo dzekuvhura Masiki, Kubvisa Madhamu, uye Madhamu

Nzvimbo dzinoiswa mamasiki esimbi (nzvimbo dzinobviswa mamasiki) inzvimbo dzakatsanangurwa nemaune dzinoratidza zvinhu zvemhangura zvakaita semapedhi, mavhiya, nenzvimbo dzekuyedza. "Web" yasara yemasiki iri pakati penzvimbo dziri pedyo ndiyo dam remasiki resimbi, iro rinobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekusunga mamasiki esimbi pazvikamu zvinotsvedza.

Kune maPCB ane density yakakura uye fine-pitch, kugona kwedhamu kunoenderana nekugadzirwa. Gwaro rinowanzoshandiswa nderekuchengetedza upamhi hwedamu remask esolder hwe ≥4 mil (≈0.1 mm) pazvinogoneka, asi kukosha kwaro kunoenderana nerudzi rwemask esolder, maitiro emifananidzo, uye kushivirira kunyoresa. Kuti uwane gwara rekugadzira rinoshanda uye zvirambidzo zvakajairika, ona gwara redu remask edamu remask esolder.

3. Solder Mask Color

Ruvara rwemasiki anosonerwa runogona kukanganisa kusiyanisa kwekuongorora, kuverenga kwechidzitiro chesilk, uye kugadziriswa kunogoneka—kunyanya kune zvinhu zvakanaka. Girini rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwakasimba uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekuongorora, nepo dema/chena/bhuruu rinogona kuunza maonero akasiyana uye kufunga nezvemaitiro. Kuti uwane zvinhu zvekusarudza uye kuchinjana, tarisa gwara redu rekusarudza mavara emasiki anosonerwa ePCB.

4. Kuwedzera Masiki Yesolder (Kubvisa Mask)

Kuwedzerwa kwemask ekusolder (kunowanzoonekwa sekubvisa mask ekusolder akatenderedza mapedhi) kunotsiva kubvumidzwa kwekunyoresa kuitira kuti mapedhi arambe akasvinwa zvakakwana pakusolder. Kukosha kunowanzoiswa pa2-3 mil senzvimbo yekutanga, asi mamiriro ekupedzisira anofanira kusimbiswa zvichienderana nehukuru hwemapedhi, nzvimbo, mhete yeannular, uye kugona kwemugadziri kurongeka. Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunogona kuderedza upamhi hwedhamu kana kuburitsa mhangura iri pedyo, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekusolder bridge kana mashoti mapfupi asina kurongeka. Izvi zvinowanzopedzwa panguva yekuongorora kweDFM.

5. Indasitiri Standards uye Compliance

Kune zvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa kana kuti zvinovimbika zvakanyanya, zvinodiwa zvemasiki ekugadzira zvinowanzotsanangurwa zvichienderana nemitemo yeindasitiri yakaita seIPC-SM-840. Kuenzanisa madhirowa, manotsi ekugadzira, uye zvinodiwa zvekugamuchirwa nemagwaro akakodzera eIPC kunobatsira kuderedza kusanzwisisika uye kunotsigira mhando yakafanana. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakakura rwemagwaro eIPC anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwePCB, kugadzirwa, kuongororwa, uye kubatanidzwa, ona mitemo yedu yeIPC yePCB.

Maitiro eCAM Mainjiniya Anogadzira Solder Mask Mafaira muPCB Kugadzira

Mukugadzira maPCB, mainjiniya eCAM vane basa rekushandura mafaira ekugadzira kuita mafaira einjiniya anodiwa pakugadzira, kusanganisira kugadzira mafaira emasiki ekusimbisa (solder resist). Kutanga, mainjiniya anofanira kupinza mafaira eGerber anopiwa nemugadziri musoftware yeCAM uye kuongorora zvakakwana mapad nemamasiki ekusimbisa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti dhizaini haina kukanganisa. Pakugadzira masiki ekusimbisa, mainjiniya achaisa kuwedzera kwemasiki ekusimbisa, kazhinji 2 kusvika 3 mils (50.8 kusvika 76.2 microns), kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti pane nzvimbo yakakwana yakatenderedza mapad kudzivirira mashort circuits. Pamusoro pezvo, parameter yemasiki ekusimbisa inofanira kunyorwa muEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, uye vanogadzira vanotevera data remasiki ekusimbisa kubva kuERP kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti masiki ekusimbisa anosangana nehukobvu hunodiwa.

Tevere, injinjiniya yeCAM inogonesa iyo solder mask, kunyanya kune yakakwira-density PCB. Iyo mainjiniya inokwenenzvera hupamhi hwe solder mask dhamu, kazhinji 2 mils (50.8 microns), kudzivirira mabhiriji anotengeswa panguva yekushambadzira. Injiniya inodawo kuona kuti solder mask layer inovhurwa yakanyatso kuenderana nemapads, traces, vias, uye mamwe maseru kudzivirira nyaya dzemagetsi dzinokonzerwa nekusarongeka kwedhizaini. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira-density, marongerwo e solder mask inofanira kunge yakanyatsojeka kuti irege kudzivirira mapfupi mafupi kana zvimwe kukanganisa.

Chekupedzisira, injinjini inosimbisa iyo dhizaini yese kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ese akaturikidzana anoenderana uye akarongeka. Mushure mekusimbiswa, injinjini inochengetedza iyo solder mask layer seGerber faira uye kugadzira mafaira ebetsero anodiwa pakugadzira, senge mafaera ekudhira uye netlists. Aya mafaera achaiswa mukati uye oendeswa kubazi rekugadzira rePCB kugadzira. Kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo nemasikisi ekugadzira uye kusimbiswa, mainjiniya eCAM anogona kuona kuti PCB inovimbika zvakanyanya uye inogara kwenguva refu mukugadzira uye kushandiswa chaiko, kuwedzera kushanda kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.

mhedziso

Solder mask chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwePCB, ichiita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza PCB kubva kune zvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira zvipfupi zvemagetsi, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye hupenyu hurefu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemasiki ekutengesa, maitiro avo ekushandisa, uye akakosha magadzirirwo ekufunga anogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo paunenge uchigadzira nekugadzira maPCB ako.

Nekunyatsosarudza iyo yakakodzera solder mask mhando, kudzora maitiro ekushandisa, uye kuomerera kune indasitiri zviyero, unogona kusimudzira mashandiro uye kuvimbika kwePCBs ako, kuve nechokwadi kuti vanosangana nezvinodiwa kunyangwe zvakanyanya kuomarara zvikumbiro.

Kana uine chero mibvunzo kana uchida rumwe rubatsiro nePCB dhizaini nekugadzira, inzwa wakasununguka kusvika kune timu yedu yenyanzvi. Isu tiri pano kuti tikubatsire iwe kufamba kuomarara kwePCB kugadzira uye kuwana yakanyanya kunaka mhedzisiro yemapurojekiti ako.