Kubatanidza Zvinhu Nemaburi: Maitiro Akanakisisa Uye Kudzora Zvikanganiso
Mufananidzo 1. Kubatanidza maburi kunoshandiswa kune zvinobatanidza, materminal, maswichi, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoda simba remakanika.
Kubatanidza zvinhu nepakati pemaburi inzira yekugadzirisa zvikamu netambo dzesimbi mumaburi akaputirwa paPCB wozvibatanidza kune rimwe divi. Zvinogadzira majoini akasimba, akasimba, ndosaka zvichiri tsika yekubatanidza zvinhu, zvikamu zvikuru, uye zvikamu zvinotora kushushikana kwemuviri.
- Kubatanidza maburi neThrough-hole (THT) kunobatanidza zvikamu zvine lead kuburikidza nemaburi akaputirwa kuti pave nemajoini akasimba uye anogara kwenguva refu.
- Inosarudzwa kune zvinobatanidza, matransformer, uye zvikamu zvinotora simba remakanika kana rekupisa.
- Kubatanidza maoko, kusimudza, uye kusungirira kwakasarudzwa kunokodzera mavhoriyamu akasiyana uye marongerwo ebhodhi.
- Maburi akaomarara kana ane mumvuri, akadai seari pedyo neIC yakakura, anoda kupisa kwakawedzerwa uye hunyanzvi.
Zviri Mukati
- Chii Chinonzi Through-Hole Soldering?
- Kubatanidza Kuburikidza neHole vs Surface-Mount
- Zvikamu Zvinoshandiswa Pakusonesa Nemaoko Nhanho Nedanho
- Kubatanidza Makomba Madiki kana Akamanikana
- Wave vs Selective Soldering
- Zvikanganiso uye Zvigadziriso zveCommon Through-Hole Soldering
- Kuungana kweThrough-Hole paMugadziri
- Zvishandiso Nezvinhu Zvekuputira Paburi
- Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Chii Chinonzi Through-Hole Soldering?
Muhunyanzvi hwekushandisa maburi, masimbi echinhu anopinda nemumaburi akaputirwa anobatanidza mapuranga ebhodhi. Solder inoiswa kuitira kuti ipfuure nemumaburi uye inonyorovesa lead neplating, zvichiita kuti pave nejointi inoshanda zvakanaka nemagetsi. Nekuti lead yakasungirirwa nebhodhi, jointi inodzivirira kudhonzwa nekuzunguzika zviri nani kupfuura pad inoiswa pamusoro.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuputira gomba rakapinda nepakati
- Mechanical simba: Mitsetse yakasungirirwa nebhodhi inodzivirira kushushikana uye kudedera.
- Maburi akaputirwa nepurasitiki: jira remubhara rinotakura solder uye rinobatanidza zvidimbu.
- Chidimbu chesolder: kubatanidzwa kwakanaka kunoita kuti fillet ive yakatsetseka, yakakombama parutivi rwechisungo.
- Kugadzirisa zviri nyore: Majoini makuru ari nyore kuongorora nekugadzirisa nemaoko.
- Zvikamu zvinodzvinyirira zvakanyanya: yakanakira zvinobatanidza, majeki, uye zvikamu zvemagetsi.
Kugara kwenguva refu uku ndiko kunoita kuti maburi arambe aripo kunyangwe munyika ine maburi akasimba. Mabhodhi mazhinji anosanganisa ese ari maviri, uye sevhisi yedu yekugadzira tekinoroji yakasanganiswa inobata chikamu cheburi pamwe chete neSMT mukuyerera kumwe chete.
Kubatanidza Kuburikidza neHole vs Surface-Mount
Kupinda nepaburi nepamusoro peburi zvinopindirana, kwete kukwikwidzana. Kuziva kuti chimwe nechimwe chinokwana papi kunotsanangura chikonzero nei mabhodhi mazhinji emazuva ano achishandisa ese ari maviri.
Misiyano mikuru
- Kugadzira: Matayi eTHT anopinda nemumaburi; zvikamu zveSMT zvinogara pamapedhi epamusoro.
- Strength: Majoini eTHT akasimba; majoini eSMT madiki uye akareruka.
- Kuwandisa: SMT inobvumira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikamu.
- Automation: SMT inongoshanda yoga; THT inowanzoda matanho akawanda emaoko kana ekusarudza.
- Kushandiswa kwakanyanya: THT yezvikamu zvinotakura kushushikana, SMT yezvikamu zvidiki, zvine simba guru.
| Kuonekwa | Kuburikidza neburi | Pamusoro-Mount |
|---|---|---|
| Joint simba | Pamusoro soro | eresera |
| Density | Pasi | High |
| kushandisa michina | Saizi/sarudzo/ruoko | Zvizere zvoga |
| Zvimwe zvikamu | Zvinobatanidza, simba | MaIC, mapassive |
Bhodhi rakarongwa zvakanaka rinoshandisa tekinoroji yega yega painonyanya kusimba, izvo zvinoita kuti mutengo nekuvimbika zvirambe zvakaenzana.
Zvikamu Zvinoshandiswa Pakusonesa Nemaoko Nhanho Nedanho
Kubatanidza nemaoko ndiyo nzira iri nyore kushandisa uye ndiyo hwaro hwekunzwisisa zvimwe zvese. Maitiro acho ari nyore asi akanyatsojeka.
Matanho makuru ekuita kuti joini ive yakachena
- Isa uye chigaro: isa tambo yacho yese nepaburi woisa chikamu chacho chakati sandara.
- Pisa nzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri: bata simbi papedhi nepeni pamwe chete.
- Chinosanganisa chikafu nejoini: isa solder panzvimbo inopisa, kwete muromo wesimbi.
- Regai zviyerere: bvumira solder kuti ipfuure nepaburi uye iite fillet.
- Bvisa wotonhodza: Bvisa chisungo, wobva waisa iron, woita kuti chisungo chirambe chakamira panguva yachinonyura.
- Cheka tambo: vhara zvakawandisa pamusoro pejoinhi.
Joini rakanaka rinopenya, rakatsetseka, uye rakakombama. Joini dzisina kusimba, dzakatetepa, kana kuti dzakakora zvinoratidza dambudziko rinofanira kugadziriswa. Izvi zvinokosha zvinoenderana nenzira dzekugadzira, asi zvinotanga nekudzora kupisa uye nguva pajoini rimwe chete.
Kubatanidza Makomba Madiki kana Akamanikana
Mamwe majoini akaomarara maburi madiki ari munzvimbo dzine mumvuri, senge ari kuseri kwe microcontroller hombe kana pasi pe connector body. Anoda tekinoroji yakarongwa nemazvo.
Maitiro akakosha ekugadzirisa maburi akaomarara
- Shandisa zano rakanaka: muromo mudiki, wakachena wakakombama kana kuti wakakombama unosvika pamapedhi akavharika.
- Wedzera flux: mvura kana gel flux inobatsira kuti solder ipinde mumabhora akaomarara.
- Wedzera kupisa kwenguva pfupi: Nzvimbo inorema zvakanyanya padyo neIC hombe inoda simba rakawanda, inoshandiswa nekukurumidza.
- Nzira yekusvika kubva kudivi rinowanikwa nyore nyore: kupisa uye kudya kubva chero kudivi rakavhurika.
- Shandisa chinhu chakatetepa chinonamira: dhayamita diki iri nyore kudzora munzvimbo dzakamanikana.
- Isa mutini kana zvichidikanwa: Kuisa simbi yesimbi pakutanga kunogona kubatsira kana nzira yacho isiri yakanaka.
Njodzi iri munzvimbo idzi ingave kutonhora kwejoini nekuda kwekupisa kushoma kana kukuvara kwakabatana nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu pamuvakidzani ane hanya. Kuenzanisa zvinhu zviviri izvi hunyanzvi, uye pamabhodhi ekugadzira ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei paine kusungirirwa kwakasarudzika. Bhodhi rakazara nenzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzekupinda nadzo ringavewo mukana wakanaka wekuongorora dhizaini yekugadzira iyo inovandudza mukana wekupinda usati wavaka.
Mufananidzo 2. Majoini emuchina wekupinza gomba anofanira kuongororwa kuti haana kunyorovesa here, haana kuzara mubharero, haana kubatana, haana kunyungudika zvakanyanya, uye haana kukuvara nekuda kwekupisa.
Wave vs Selective Soldering
Panyaya yehuwandu, kusungirira nemaoko hakushandi. Kusungirira nemafungu emvura nekusarudza zvinozvishandura majoini nenzira dzakasiyana.
Misiyano mikuru pakati penzira dzacho
- Wave soldering: bhodhi rese rinodarika pamusoro pefungu resimbi yakanyungudutswa.
- Sarudza soldering: chisungo chemuromo chinongobatanidza majoini chaiwo chete, zvichichengetedza SMT iri pedyo.
- Kuburitsa: Mafungu anokurumidza kukwira kana mapuranga akakora ane zvikamu zvine maburi.
- Precision: selective inodzivirira zvikamu zvinonzwa kana kuti zviri pedyo.
- Masking: Mafungu anowanzoda kuvharwa; majoini akasarudzwa zvakananga.
| nzira | Best For | Tengesa |
|---|---|---|
| Hand soldering | Maprototypes, kugadzirisa patsva | Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinoenderana nemushandi |
| Wave soldering | Huwandu hwepamusoro hweTHT, vhoriyamu | Zvinoda kuvharwa, hazvisaruri zvakanyanya |
| Sarudza soldering | Mabhodhi akasanganiswa, zvikamu zvinonzwa | Inononoka kupfuura mafungu pabhodhi rega rega |
Ronga Kuungana Kwako Kwekupinza Hole Nesu
Kusarudza mafungu kana kusarudza zvinoenderana nemusanganiswa wezvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi uye marongerwo azvo. Mutsetse wedu wekugadzira unosarudza nzira inokodzera bhodhi rega rega.
Zvikanganiso uye Zvigadziriso zveCommon Through-Hole Soldering
Mapfundo eburi anokundikana nenzira dzinoonekwa. Kuziva zviratidzo kunoita kuti kuongororwa nekugadzirisa kushande nekukurumidza.
Zvikanganiso zvikuru uye mishonga
- Joini inotonhora: isina kusimba uye ine manyowa nekuda kwekupisa kushoma; inoyerera zvakare nekupisa kwakakodzera.
- Kusakwana kwekuzadza: solder haina kupwanya bharero; wedzera kupisa uye flux, zadzazve.
- Bhiriji rekusolder: mabhurugwa madiki anosonerwa ari pedyo; bvisa netambo kana simbi.
- Pedhi rakasimudzwa: kupisa kwakanyanya kwakabvarura padhi; gadzirisa tsvina yacho wobva waisanganisazve nokungwarira.
- Voids: gasi rakavharirwa mujoini; kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo uye chimiro chekudziya.
Zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinodzokera kukupisa kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya, kwakakwira zvakanyanya, kana kushandiswa panguva isiriyo. Maitiro akajairika uye kufamba zvakanaka zvinodzivirira ruzhinji. Pabasa remaindasitiri rakavimbika zvakanyanya, zvikanganiso zvinotongwa zvichienderana nekirasi yakatarwa yeIPC, yatinotsigira pamabhodhi akadai semabhodhi edu ekudzora maindasitiri.
Kuungana kweThrough-Hole paMugadziri
Kana bhodhi rava kugadzirwa, kubatanidza maburi kunova nzira inodzorwa ine matanho akanyorwa uye kuongororwa.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira THT
- Kusarudzwa kwemaitiro: ruoko, kusimudza ruoko, kana kusarudza ruoko kuti zvienderane nebhodhi.
- Zvigadziko nemapallet: zvishandiso zvinobata mabhodhi nemasiki nzvimbo dzinonzwa kushushikana.
- Kudzora ruzivo: tembiricha yesolder uye kugara zvinoiswa uye zvinotariswa.
- Inspection: Kuongororwa kwemaziso neAOI kunosimbisa kunaka kwefillet uye kuzadza kwayo.
- Zvinyorwa: mhedzisiro dzakanyorwa kuti dzionekwe zvakanaka uye kuti dzinoenderana sei.
Kuoma uku ndiko kunoita kuti vhoriyamu ipinde nepaburi ive yakavimbika pane kuti ienderane nemushandi. Pakuvaka kwakaoma senge magetsi emagetsi kana mabhodhi erobhoti , kusungirirwa kwepaburi kwakakosha. Chikwata chiri panzvimbo yedu chinogona kukurudzira nzira chaiyo, uye mabasa edu ekugadzira akazara anofukidza kugadzirwa nekubatanidzwa.
Zvishandiso Nezvinhu Zvekuputira Paburi
Kubatanidza zvakanaka maburi kunotanga nekushandisa kit chaiyo. Simbi inodzorwa nekupisa, solder yakakodzera uye flux, uye maturusi mashoma ekuchenesa anoita mutsauko pakati pemajoini akajeka uye anogara kwenguva refu uye kugadzirisa patsva kunonetsa.
Zvishandiso zvakakosha nezvinhu
- Simbi yekunamira: simbi inodzorwa nekupisa ine muromo wakachena, wakaiswa mugaba.
- Solder: Waya ine tambo kana isina tambo ine saizi yekubatana.
- Nekubudisa: inovandudza kunyorovesa uye inobatsira kuti solder ipinde mugomba.
- Zvishandiso zvekubvisa simbi: kurukwa uye pombi yekubvisa kana kugadzirisa majoini.
- Zvishandiso zvekubata: kubatsira maoko kana vise kuti bhodhi ritsigiswe.
- Kutarisira matipi: muchina wekuchenesa wesimbi nesimbi unowedzera hupenyu hwemapepa.
| Tool | chinangwa | muromo |
|---|---|---|
| Simbi yekupisa | Inonyungudutsa solder zvakanaka | Seti inokodzera chisanganiswa |
| yerera | Zvinobatsira kunyorovesa | Chenesa zvasara mushure mezvo |
| Chishandiso chesolder | Inobvisa solder yakawandisa | Shandisa nekuwedzera kwemvura |
| Kubatsira maoko | Anobata basa | Inodzivirira majoini kuti asafambe |
Kune mapuranga ane maburi akawanda akaputirwa, kunaka kwemajoini kunoenderanawo nebhodhi pacharo, iro rakagadzirwa kuti rikwanise kugadzirisa kudiwa kwekupisa mukati mekuvaka kwedu kwakasimba kwemaburi akawanda.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Sei uchishandisa through-hole pane kushandisa surface-mount?
Maburi anopinza zvinhu mugomba rimwe chete anopa majoini akasimba emakanika, saka inofarirwa kune zvinobatanidza, matransformer, uye chero chikamu chinotora simba remuviri kana rekupisa. Kuisa pamusoro pechinhu kwakanakira density uye automation, ndosaka mabhodhi mazhinji achishandisa zvese zviri zviviri.
Ndingasonesa sei gomba rakaoma kusvika kuseri kwechip hombe?
Shandisa muromo mutete, wedzera mvura, woisa moto mudiki kwenguva pfupi nekuti nzvimbo yacho inokurumidza kudzikamisa moto. Svika kubva chero divi ripi zvaro rinowanikwa, shandisa solder yakatetepa, uye usagara pedyo nechikamu chiri pedyo chinonzwa kutonhora.
Joini yakanaka inobuda nepaburi inotaridzika sei?
Inopenya, yakatsetseka, uye yakakombama, ine solder yakayerera nemubhara kuti iite chidimbu chakachena parutivi rwesolder. Majoini asina kusimba, madota, kana kuti ane misoro inoratidza majoini anotonhora kana kuti mvura shoma inofanira kunyoroveswa zvakare.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pewave ne selective soldering?
Kusungirirwa kwemafungu kunopfuudza bhodhi rese pamusoro pechinosungirirwa chakanyungudutswa uye kunokurumidza kune mapuranga akakora ane zvikamu zvine maburi. Kusungirirwa kwekusarudza kunonangana chete nemajoini chaiwo ane nozzle, zvichidzivirira zvikamu zviri pedyo zvinosungirirwa pamusoro pebhodhi rakasanganiswa.
Chii chinokonzera cold solder joint?
Kupisa kwacho kwakaderera, saka muchina wacho hauna kunyungudutsa zvachose uye hauna kunyorovesa pamusoro. Chinokosha ndechekudzoreredza jira racho patembiricha yakakodzera, kazhinji nekuwedzerwa kwemvura, kusvika raita chidimbu chakatsetseka uye chinopenya.
Ko gomba rinopinda nepaburi rinopinda nepaburi rinogona kunge riri pabhodhi rimwe chete here?
Ehe, uye zvakajairika. Mabhodhi akadaro anosanganiswa neSMT kutanga, uye zvikamu zveburi zvinowedzerwa nemaoko, mafungu, kana kusungirirwa zvichienderana nehurongwa uye vhoriyamu.
Kusungirira maburi kuchiri kushandiswa here mumagetsi emazuva ano?
Zvakanyanya kudaro. Kunyange zvazvo kuisa pamusoro pechinhu kuchinyanya kukosha nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvikamu, maburi anopinda nepakati anoramba ari iwo mwero wezvinobatanidza, zvikamu zvemagetsi, uye chero chikamu chinoda jointi yakasimba, inodzivirira kushushikana, saka zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvichiri kuinayo.
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Nzira yekuwana sei quote yePCBs
Ngatimhanyei DFM/DFA ongororo yenyu todzokera kwamuri nereport. Unogona kurodha mafaera ako zvakachengeteka kuburikidza newebhusaiti yedu. Isu tinoda ruzivo rwunotevera kuti tikupe iwe quote:
-
- Gerber, ODB++, kana .pcb, spec.
- BOM rondedzero kana iwe uchida kusangana
- uwandu
- Kuchinja nguva
Kune masevhisi ePCBA, ndapota ipa BOM yako (Bhiri reZvinhu) uye chero mirairo yegungano. Isu tinopawo DFM/DFA ongororo yekukwidziridza zvigadziriso zvako zvekugadzira uye kusangana, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakatsetseka kwekugadzira.