I-Solder engu-60/40 vs 63/37: Amaphuzu Okuncibilika, Ukuziphatha Okungajwayelekile, kanye Nokuthi Yikuphi Okufanele Ukusebenzise

Kubuyekezwe okokugcina: Meyi 2026 · Ukuqhathanisa okusebenzayo kokushisela ngesandla, ukulungisa kabusha, kanye nokuhlanganisa

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-solder engu-60/40 kanye ne-63/37 kuncike eqinisweni elilodwa le-metallurgical — elinye liyi-eutectic kanti elinye alinjalo — futhi lelo qiniso lihambisana nendlela i-alloy ngayinye encibilika ngayo, iqine, futhi yakhe amalunga. Zombili ziyi-solders ze-tin-lead ezisebenzele i-elekthronikhi iminyaka eminingi, futhi zombili zisathola indawo yazo ngo-2026 naphezu kokwanda kokungabi na-lead. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza umehluko ngamagama alula, unikeza izinombolo zokuncibilika eceleni, ulandelela imiphumela yekhwalithi yokuhlangana kuye ngokuthi ilunga elibi libukeka kanjani ngokomzimba, futhi uphetha ngesiqondiso esicacile sokuthi kufanele lifinyelelwe nini i-alloy ngayinye nokuthi liyichaza kanjani i-oda lokuhlangana.

Lokho okushiwo yizinombolo ezingu-60/40 kanye no-63/37 empeleni

Izinombolo zimane nje ziyisilinganiso se-tin-to-lead ngesisindo. I-solder engu-60/40 ingu-60% we-tin kanye no-40% we-lead. I-solder engu-63/37 ingu-63% we-tin kanye no-37% we-lead. Ukushintsha kwe-tin ngamaphesenti amathathu kuzwakala kungasho lutho, kodwa kubeka i-alloy eyodwa endaweni ekhethekile ohlelweni lwe-tin-lead bese ishiya enye eduze kwayo - futhi lowo mehluko omncane ushintsha ukuziphatha kwayo kokuncibilika ngendlela ongayizwa ngayo ebhentshini.

Kungani ithini nomthofu kubhangqwe nhlobo

I-Tin inikeza ukumanzisa nokubopha; i-lead yehlisa iphuzu lokuncibilika futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokugeleza. Ayikho insimbi yodwa ehlanganisa kahle izinto zikagesi - i-tin ngokwayo iyancibilika kakhulu futhi iyaphuka kalula, kuyilapho i-lead ngokwayo imanzi kabi. Uma ihlanganisiwe, ukunamathisela okubuswa yizinto zikagesi ezihlanganisiwe izizukulwane ngezizukulwane ngoba kuyathethelela, kugeleza kalula, futhi kwakha amalunga athembekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi angapheki izingxenye eziseduze.

Kungani umehluko we-3% ubalulekile

Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-alloy, ushintsho lokwakheka okungu-3% luwumsindo. Kuhlelo lwe-tin-lead, umehluko phakathi kokuhlala endaweni ye-eutectic nokuhlala eceleni kwalo - futhi lowo mehluko owodwa ulawula ukuthi i-alloy iyancibilika yini ekushiseni okukodwa noma ngaphesheya kobubanzi. Impikiswano esele phakathi kwezilinganiso ezimbili empeleni iyimpikiswano mayelana nokuthi i-alloy ngayinye ishintsha kanjani phakathi kwe-solid kanye ne-liquid, hhayi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinsimbi ezikhona.

Iphuzu lokuzikhukhumeza kanye nokuthi kungani u-63/37 ukhethekile

I -alloy ye-eutectic inokwakheka okukodwa okuncibilikayo futhi kuqine ekushiseni okukodwa, okubukhali — okusebenza njengensimbi emsulwa kunokuba kube yingxube. Ohlelweni lwe-tin-lead, leso silinganiso somlingo singama-63% tin / 37% lead. Endaweni yayo ye-eutectic, ama-63/37 ahamba ngqo esuka kokuqinile aye koketshezi (nangemuva) ngaphandle kwesigaba esiphakathi.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi “eutectic” empeleni

Iningi lezingxube liyancibilika kancane kancane: njengoba uzifudumeza, ziqala ukuthamba ekushiseni okukodwa bese ziba uketshezi oluphelele kuphela ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukwakheka kwe-eutectic kweqa lowo mhlabathi ophakathi. Shisa kusuka ku-63/37 kuya ku-183 °C bese kuba qinile kuze kufike kulelo qophelo, bese kuba uketshezi oluphelele; kupholise ngaphansi kuka-183 °C bese kuba uketshezi kuze kufike kulelo qophelo, bese kuba qinile ngokuphelele. Ushintsho luyenzeka ngokushesha, okuyinto enikezwa ochwepheshe bempahla.

I-Non-eutectic 60/40 kanye ne-maphakathi yayo ethambile

I-60/40 itholakala eduze nje kwendawo ephumayo, ngakho-ke ayiyona i-eutectic . Esikhundleni sokushisa okukodwa okuncibilikayo, inezinga lokuncibilika . Njengoba ishisa, iqala ukuthamba ekushiseni okukodwa futhi ayibi uketshezi oluphelele kuze kube yilapho iphezulu; lapho iphola idlula emuva kulelo zinga elifanayo. Ngaphakathi kwalelo bhande, ingxube iqinile kancane futhi iyingxenye uketshezi — isimo se-pasty, "sepulasitiki" esiqinile kancane esiyimpande yezinkinga ze-60/40 kanye nesizathu sokuthi idinga isandla esiqinile ngesikhathi sokupholisa.

Izindawo zokuncibilika kanye nobubanzi bepulasitiki, eceleni

Ama-alloy amabili aqala ukuncibilika endaweni efanayo; ayahlukahluka kulokho okwenzeka ngaphezu kwawo. Ithebula lenza umehluko ube yinto eqondile.

Ukuqala okufanayo, ukuqeda okuhlukile

Zombili izingxube ziqala ukuncibilika ku-183 °C. Umehluko yilokho okwenzeka ngaphezu kwayo: i-63/37 iyiketshezi ngokuphelele ku-183 °C, kuyilapho i-60/40 ingeyona iketshezi ngokuphelele kuze kube cishe ku-190 °C. Empeleni, isethi yensimbi ezungeze i-300–350 °C ingaphezulu kakhulu kokubili, ngakho-ke umuzwa osebenzayo ngenkathi usebenzisa i-solder uyafana - umehluko uvela ngesikhathi sokupholisa okubalulekile, hhayi ngenkathi ufudumeza ijoyinti.

Kungani isikhathi sokupholisa kuyisona esibalulekile

Ikhwalithi yokunamathela inqunywa ngemva kwesibili noma ezimbili ngemva kokususa insimbi. Yilapho-ke ilunga liqina futhi livale isakhiwo salo sangaphakathi. Ingxubevange eqina ngokushesha ayiniki ithuba lokunyakaza lokonakalisa ilunga; ingxubevange ehlala esimweni soketshezi oluyi-semi-liquid inikeza ifasitela lapho ukugudluzwa kungayilimaza khona. Lena yindaba ephelele yengxubevange ye-eutectic emshweni owodwa.

Indlela uhla lwepulasitiki oludala ngayo amalunga abandayo naphazamisekile

Lesi yisona sizathu esenza ochwepheshe bathande i-63/37. Lapho i-60/40 iphola ngepulasitiki yayo, kuba nefasitela lapho ijoyinti libukeka liqinile kodwa lisalokhu liyi-semi-liquid ngaphakathi. Uma ingxenye noma ucingo luhamba phakathi kwalelo fasitela - ukugudluzwa, ukudlidliza, ukushukuma kwesandla - isakhiwo sekristalu esiqina siyaphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuba siqine kahle.

Indlela ilunga eliphazamisekile elibukeka ngayo

Umphumela uba yilunga eliphazamisekile noma elibandayo : elibuthuntu, elinohlaza, nelinamaqhubu kunokuba likhanye futhi libushelelezi. Amalunga anjalo angaba buthaka ngokomshini futhi angathembeki ngogesi, futhi avame ukudinga ukulungiswa kabusha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-63/37 ayinalo ibanga lepulasitiki, iyaqandisa ngokushesha nje lapho iphola ngaphansi kuka-183 °C, ingashiyi cishe ifasitela lokunyakaza ukuze yonakalise ilunga. Leso sici esisodwa - ukuqandisa okuhlanzekile, okusheshayo - kuyinzuzo ewusizo eyenza i-eutectic solder ibe yinto ezenzakalelayo yokugoqa kahle kanye nokugoqa ngesandla kochwepheshe.

Kungani amalunga aphazamisekile eyingozi, hhayi nje amabi

Ilunga elibuthakathaka aliyona nje into yokuhlobisa. Isakhiwo sekristalu esiphazamisekile singashiya izikhala ezincane kakhulu kanye nokubopha okungekuhle kwensimbi, ngakho-ke ilunga lingaphumelela ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kodwa lihluleke kamuva ngaphansi kokudlidliza noma ukujikeleza kokushisa. Amaphutha ahlala elandela amalunga abandayo aphakathi kwezinto ezikhungathekisa kakhulu ukuxilonga ngoba ukuxhumana kusebenza ngezinye izikhathi. Ukuwavimbela emthonjeni - nge-alloy ethethelelayo kanye nokuphola okuqhubekayo - kushibhile kakhulu kunokuwaxosha kamuva.

Uhlangothi oluthethelelayo lwe-60/40

Uhla lwepulasitiki aluyona nje inkinga. Abanye ochwepheshe bayalwazisa ngemisebenzi efana nokusula amalunga, ukusebenza ifillet, noma ukubumba i-solder ezixhumweni ezinkulu, lapho ifasitela elifushane elisebenzayo lisiza khona ngempela. Kumalunga angaphazanyiswanga angena embobeni, i-60/40 isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ibiza kancane - yingakho ihlala iyinto ezenzakalelayo enengqondo yomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa ojwayelekile kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa.

Ukukhetha phakathi kuka-60/40 no-63/37 ngesicelo

Akukho ngxube "engcono" kuyo yonke indawo; ngayinye ifanela umsebenzi ohlukile. Qondanisa ingxube nomsebenzi.

Ngohlobo lomsebenzi

• I-SMT eqondile kanye nokushiswa kwesandla kochwepheshe: 63/37. Ukuqandisa okuhlanzekile nokusheshayo kunciphisa ukuhlangana kwezindonga kanye nokuhlangana okubandayo lapho ukunemba kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukushisela kanye nokufaka amagagasi: I-63/37 iyindlela evamile yokukhetha ngenxa yokuziphatha kwayo okuqhubekayo nokubikezelwayo emalungeni amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa ojwayelekile, umgodi ovulekile, kanye nokulungiswa: I-60/40 yanele ngokuphelele futhi ngokuvamile ishibhile.
• Ukuqopha nokususa amalunga: Ifasitela lepulasitiki lika-60/40 linikeza isigaba esifushane esisebenzisekayo abanye ochwepheshe abasithandayo.

Kwabaqalayo ngqo

Noma iyiphi i-alloy iyasebenza ngenkathi ufunda, kodwa ukuqandisa okuthethelelayo kwe-63/37 kusho ukuthi amalunga ambalwa awonakele ngoba akukho fasitela lepulasitiki ukuze isandla esinyakazayo sonakale. Abaqalayo abaningi bakuthola kulula ukuthola imiphumela efanayo ngayo, yingakho kuyincomo evamile yomqulu wokuqala we-solder naphezu kokubiza kancane.

Umthetho wesinqumo olula

Uma umsebenzi mncane, uminyene, noma kufanele uthembeke, khetha u-63/37. Uma umsebenzi mkhulu, ungenazo izimbobo, ungaphazanyiswa, futhi ubheka isabelomali, u-60/40 ulungile. Uma ungabaza, ukubekezelelana okubanzi kwe-63/37 kwenza kube okuzenzakalelayo okuphephile — iprimiyamu yentengo encane ithenga ukuhambisana.

I-RoHS, ayinayo i-lead, futhi lapho i-lead solder isasebenza khona

Zombili i-60/40 kanye ne-63/37 ziqukethe i-lead, ngakho-ke azihambisani ne-RoHS. Azikwazi ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano ethengiswa e-EU nakwezinye izimakethe eziningi ezigunyaza ukunqunywa kwezinto eziyingozi.

Enye indlela engenalo umthofu

Ukuze kukhiqizwe ngokuvumelanayo, abakhiqizi basebenzisa ama-alloy angenawo umthofu, ngokuvamile i-SAC305 (96.5% tin, 3% silver, 0.5% copper). I-SAC305 iyancibilika kakhulu — cishe ku-217–220 °C — futhi iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kune-solder ene-lead: ayinamanzi kakhulu, ibukeka ibuthuntu ngisho noma ilungile, futhi idinga izinsimbi ezishisayo kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile. Ukushintsha kusuka ku-lead kuya ku-lead-free kuyinguquko yenqubo, hhayi nje ukushintshana kwezinto.

Lapho i-lead solder isavunyelwe futhi ikhethwa khona

I-solder ene-lead isasetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni ama-prototyping, ukulungisa kabusha, ukulungisa, umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu - izindiza, ukuzivikela, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha - lapho i-lead isavunyelwe khona ngoba ukuthembeka kwayo okuqinisekisiwe kanye nokungabikho kwengozi ye-tin-whisker kudlula ezinye izinkinga. Ekufundeni kwansuku zonke kanye nomsebenzi webhentshi lapho i-RoHS ingasebenzi khona, i-63/37 kanye ne-60/40 zihlala ziyizinketho ezinhle kakhulu, ezilula ukuzisebenzisa.

Ukuxuba i-lead ne-lead-free

Gwema ukuxuba lokhu okubili esibayeni esifanayo. Ukuhlanganisa i-SAC305 ne-lead solder kukhiqiza i-alloy enokuziphatha okungalindelekile kokuncibilika futhi kungenza buthaka i-joint. Uma ibhodi lakhiwe ngaphandle kwe-lead, liphinde lisebenze ngaphandle kwe-lead; uma lakhiwe nge-lead, liphinde lisebenze nge-lead. Gcina i-solder ehlukile futhi, okungcono, hlukanisa iziqongo zensimbi ngayinye.

Amafomu, isitoreji, kanye nokuphathwa ngokuphephile kwalezi zingxube zombili

Zombili i-60/40 kanye ne-63/37 ziza ngezindlela ezifanayo zomzimba, futhi zombili zifuna imikhuba efanayo yokuphepha komthofu.

Amafomu atholakalayo

Izinhlobo ezivamile i-rosin-core wire (indlela ejwayelekile yokunamathisela ngesandla, ene-flux eyakhelwe ngaphakathi), i-solid wire (yokusetshenziswa ne-flux ehlukile), i-bar (yokunamathisela nge-wave kanye ne-dip), kanye ne-paste (yokuphrinta nokuphinda kufakwe i-stencil). Ububanzi be-wire obuvamile obungu-0.6–0.8 mm bufanela iningi lebhodi; i-fine wire ifanela i-fine-pitch SMT, i-thicker wire ifanela amalunga amakhulu nezintambo.

Storage

Gcina ucingo oluhlanganisiwe endaweni epholile, eyomile; imikhiqizo eminingi ibhekisela ezindinganisweni zezinto ezifana ne-ASTM B32 zokwakheka. Ucingo luhlala iminyaka eminingi. I-solder paste ihlukile — inezidingo zokuqandisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kweshelufu intambo engenaso, kumele ilethwe ekushiseni kwegumbi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi yonakale uma isivuliwe, ngakho-ke ithengwa ukuze ivumelane nokukhiqiza kunokuba igcinwe.

Ukuphepha

Umthofu uyingozi enkulu empilweni. Sebenza ngokungenisa umoya, gwema ukuphefumula umusi ogelezayo, ungadli noma uphuze ebhentshini, futhi ugeze izandla zakho ngemva kokuphatha i-solder ene-lead. Gcina i-solder nokudla kuhlukaniswe ngokuqinile. Lezi zinyathelo zokuqapha zilula futhi azixoxiswani, futhi zisebenza ngokulinganayo ku-60/40 kanye no-63/37 - ama-alloy ahlukile ekuncibilikeni, hhayi ebuthi.

Ukucacisa i-solder alloy yakho ku-oda lomhlangano

Uma uqasha ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle, ukukhetha i-alloy akuyona nje into oyithandayo - kushintsha inqubo, iphrofayili yokushisa, nokuthi imaphi amamakethe ongawathengisa ngokusemthethweni. Yichaze kusengaphambili.

Okufanele ukusho

• I-leaded vs. engenalo i-lead — lesi yisinqumo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu, esiqhutshwa yimithetho yokuthobela imithetho yemakethe yakho eqondiwe.
• Ingxubevange ethile uma iholwe — 63/37 yomsebenzi we-fine-pitch kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, 60/40 lapho izindleko kanye nama-joints kungaphazanyiswa khona.
• Kudingeka amadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho — Izimemezelo ze-RoHS/REACH uma uthengisa ezimakethe ezilawulwayo.

Kungani kushintsha inqubo

Umugqa ongenawo umthofu usebenzisa iphrofayili yokugeleza kabusha eshisayo enokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nokulawula okuqinile kunomugqa onama-lead; lokhu okubili akushintsheki phakathi nesikhathi. Ukutshela i-assembler yakho i-alloy kanye ne-target yokuhambisana ngaphambi kokukhiqiza kubenza babeke iphrofayili efanele yokushisa, bakhethe i-paste ehambisanayo, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ibhodi kanye nezingxenye zingasinda emazingeni okushisa adingekayo.

Kusukela ekucacisweni kuya ebhodini elakhiwe

I-Highleap Electronics isebenzisa imigqa yokuhlanganisa engenalo i-lead kanye ne-RoHS futhi izoqinisekisa i-alloy efanele, iphrofayili yokugeleza kabusha, kanye nemibhalo yebhodi lakho kanye nemakethe eqondiwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa — iveza noma yikuphi ukuhambisana noma ukukhathazeka ngokushisa ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwamahhala kwe-DFM.

Thola ikhotheshini yomhlangano we-PCB →

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-solder engu-63/37 noma engu-60/40 ingcono?

Emisebenzini eminingi ye-elekthronikhi, i-63/37 — ukuziphatha kwayo okungapheli kunikeza ukuqandisa okuhlanzekile nokusheshayo okumelana namalunga abandayo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-fine-pitch kanye nokushiswa kobungcweti. I-60/40 ishibhile futhi ilungele ngokuphelele umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa ojwayelekile kanye nomsebenzi ophuma embobeni.

Ingabe i-60/40 kanye ne-63/37 ziyancibilika ekushiseni okufanayo?

Ziqala ukuncibilika endaweni efanayo, 183 °C. 63/37 iwuketshezi oluphelele lapho; 60/40 ayiwuketshezi oluphelele kuze kube cishe 190 °C, okwenza kube nobubanzi bepulasitiki obungenawo 63/37.

Kuyini i-eutectic solder?

Leyo ekwakheka kwayo kuncibilika futhi kuqine ekushiseni okukodwa okubukhali, njengensimbi emsulwa. I-63/37 iyi-alloy ye-eutectic tin-lead; i-60/40 iseduze nje nephuzu le-eutectic futhi ayinjalo.

Ngingazisebenzisa yini lezi zinto zokuthengisa emikhiqizweni ethengiswa eYurophu?

Cha. Zombili ziqukethe i-RoHS eholayo kanye ne-RoHS ehlulekayo. Sebenzisa i-alloy engenalo i-lead njenge-SAC305 emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano ehambisanayo ethengiswa ezimakethe ze-EU kanye nezinye ezifanayo.

Kungani ijoyinti lami elingu-60/40 libukeka libuthuntu futhi liluhlaza?

Cishe ijoyinti eliphazamisekile — ingxenye yanyakaza ngenkathi i-solder isesesigabeni sayo sepulasitiki. Phinda uyifudumeze ngokugeleza kuze kube yilapho igeleza ibe yi-cone ecwebezelayo, ebushelelezi, bese uyibamba inganyakazi kahle ngenkathi iphola.

Ingabe ingxube eyodwa inamandla kunenye?

I-63/37 inamandla kancane futhi ihambisana kahle, kodwa emajoyintini amaningi umehluko mncane. Ukungaguquguquki, hhayi amandla aluhlaza, yisona sizathu sangempela esenza ochwepheshe bayithande.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuxuba i-60/40 kanye ne-63/37?

Ungakwazi, futhi umphumela uba yingxube ecishe ibe yi-eutectic, kodwa asikho isizathu sokwenza lokho ngamabomu. Nokho, gwema ukuxuba i-lead solder ne-lead-free — leyo nhlanganisela iyancibilika ngendlela engalindelekile futhi ingenza amalunga abe buthakathaka.