I-Flux Engcono Kakhulu Yokusongelwa Kwe-elekthronikhi

Akukho "flux engcono kakhulu yokusonta" - engcono kakhulu uhlobo oluhambisana nomsebenzi wakho. Emisebenzini eminingi ye-elekthronikhi, ukukhetha okufanele ukusonta okungahlanzekile noma i- rosin (RMA) : kokubili kuthambile, akuboli uma sekusetshenziswe kahle, futhi kuphephile emabhodini wesekethe. Ukusonta okuncibilika emanzini kunamandla futhi kusetshenziswa lapho ungageza khona ibhodi kahle ngemva kwalokho. Into eyodwa okufanele uyigweme ngokuphelele ukusonta okune-asidi noma "amapayipi", okunezinsalela ezibolile ezizolimaza i-elekthronikhi. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izinhlobo zokusonta, amafomu eziwafaka, indlela yokukhetha engcono kakhulu yokusonta ngesandla, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe i-SMD, noma ukukhiqizwa, nokuthi ukusonta kulawulwa kanjani ekuhlanganisweni kwe-PCB yangempela.

Yini eyenziwa yi-soldering flux nokuthi kungani uhlobo lubalulekile

I-Flux inomsebenzi owodwa oyinhloko: ukususa ungqimba lwe-oxide oluncane ezindaweni zensimbi ukuze i-solder encibilikisiwe ikwazi ukumanzisa futhi inamathele kuzo. Ithusi elishisayo liyaqina cishe ngokushesha, futhi i-solder ngeke inamathele ku-oxide. I-Flux isusa leyo oxide ngamakhemikhali, iyivimbele ukuthi ingaphinde yakheke phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa lapho ijoyinti lishisa, futhi yehlisa ukucindezeleka kobuso ukuze i-solder igeleze ibe yi-fillet ebushelelezi.

Isizathu sokuthi "uhlobo" lubalulekile yinsalela. Ngemva kokushiswa, yonke insalela ishiya okuthile ngemuva, nokuthi leyo nsalela ibola noma ihambisa kangakanani - nokuthi kufanele ihlanzwe yini - yilokho kanye okuhlukanisa insalela ephephile ebhodini lesifunda kuleyo ezoyibhubhisa kancane kancane. Ukukhetha insalela engcono kakhulu empeleni kumayelana nokukhetha izinga lomsebenzi elifanele kanye nokuziphatha kwensalela ebhodini lakho kanye nekhono lakho lokuyihlanza.

Izinhlobo ze-soldering flux (i-rosin, ayihlanzekile, ayincibiliki emanzini)

Imindeni emithathu ihlanganisa cishe yonke i-electronics soldering. Ihlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni yi-J-STD-004 standard, efaka ikhodi ye-base chemistry kanye nomsebenzi (isibonelo i-ROL0 isho isisekelo se-rosin, umsebenzi ophansi, akukho ama-halide).

Kwabafundi abaningi isinqumo silula: i -rosin (RMA) noma i-flux engahlanzekile iyona ndlela ephephile nengcono kakhulu. Finyelela i-encibilikayo emanzini kuphela uma udinga amandla ayo okuhlanza engeziwe futhi ungageza ibhodi kahle.

Amafomu e-Flux nokuthi kufanele asetshenziswe nini

I-chemistry efanayo iza ngezindlela eziningana zomzimba, futhi isimo ngokuvamile sibaluleke kakhulu usuku nosuku kune-chemistry eqondile.

• Intambo yomshini wokudayisa i-Flux-core — i-flux yakhelwe phakathi kwentambo. Ilungele ukushiswa ngesandla; emisebenzini eminingi yokubhoboza imigodi kanye neyokufaka ithini akudingeki i-flux eyengeziwe.
• Ipeni lokugeleza/lokugeleza koketshezi — uketshezi oluncane olusetshenziswa ngepeni noma ngebhulashi. Luhle kakhulu ekudonseni, ekufakeni ithini, nasekuvuseleleni ama-oxidized pads.
• Ijeli/i-paste flux (isirinji) — ijiyile, iyalawuleka, ihlala lapho uyibeka khona. Okubalulekile yi-SMD kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwephimbo elihle.
• Ukuguquguquka okunamandla — ijeli enamathelayo esiza nokubamba izingxenye ezincane endaweni yazo. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa BGA kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kwe-QFN kanye nokulungiswa kabusha.
• I-solder inamathisela — i-flux exutshwe ne-solder eyimpuphu, ephrintiwe nge-stencil yokuhlanganisa i-surface-mount (hhayi i-flux ezimele, kodwa i-chemical efanayo ye-flux ngaphakathi).

Indlela yokukhetha i-flux engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi wakho

Kunokuba kube nomnqobi oyedwa, fanisa ukushintshashintsha komsebenzi ophambi kwakho.

Imithetho emibili idlula iningi lokukhetha: sebenzisa i-flux enganamandla kakhulu ekhiqiza i-joint enomsindo, futhi uma usebenzisa i-flux esebenzayo encibilika emanzini, hlela ukuhlanza ibhodi ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba inikwe amandla.

Ukuqonda amalebula e-flux (ikhodi ye-J-STD-004)

Amashidi edatha achaza i-flux ngekhodi emfushane ye-J-STD-004 kunokuba athi “akuhlanzekile.” Ukuyifunda kukutshela ikhemistri, ukuthi i-flux isebenza kangakanani, nokuthi iqukethe yini ama-halide — kuyasiza uma udinga ukufanisa i-flux nenqubo noma isidingo sokuthembeka.

Ngakho-ke i-ROL0 iyi-flux ye-rosin engasebenzi kahle engenazo i-halide — i-flux ejwayelekile, ethambile ebopha ngesandla — kuyilapho i-ORH1 iyi-flux ephilayo (encibilika emanzini) esebenza kakhulu ene-halide okumele ihlanzwe. Kwabaningi be-elekthronikhi, i-flux ye-L0 noma i-M0 iyindlela ephephile.

Imikhiqizo evame ukusetshenziswa ye-flux

Uhlu oluthile "lokushintshashintsha okungcono kakhulu" luyashintsha kaningi, futhi umkhiqizo ofanele uncike emsebenzini wakho, ngakho-ke phatha okulandelayo njengezibonelo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi nezihlonishwayo kunokuba ukhethe okukodwa okuqinisekile:

• I-paste/i-gel flux engahlanzekile (isb. i-MG Chemicals 8341) — i-rosin paste ethandwayo engasetshenziswa njenge-clean evamile yokulungisa kanye nomsebenzi we-SMD.
• Ukuguquguquka okuqinile okungahlanzekile (isb. i-ChipQuik SMD291) — ukukhetha okuvamile kokulungiswa kabusha kwe-SMD/BGA kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha.
• I-Rosin paste flux (isb. i-SRA, i-Kester rosin) — i-rosin flux yendabuko yokunamathisela ngesandla kanye nokufaka i-tinning.
• Amapeni oketshezi angenawo uketshezi ahlanzekile (isb. i-Kester 951, i-MG Chemicals) — yokudonsa ngomshisi kanye nama-pad okuvuselela.

Noma yini oyithengayo, hlola ukuthi yenzelwe izinto zikagesi (hhayi amapayipi), ukuthi umsebenzi wayo ufanelana ne-solder ene-lead noma engena-lead njengoba kudingeka, nokuthi ukuziphatha kwezinsalela kuyafana nokuthi uzolihlanza yini ibhodi.

Ukuhlanza izinsalela ze-flux kanye nokuphepha

Indlela osingatha ngayo izinsalela incike ekuguqukeni kwazo:

• Akukho-kuhlanzekile Izinsalela zenzelwe ukushiywa endaweni yazo futhi ziphephile ngogesi. Zisengahlanzwa ngezizathu zobuhle noma lapho zingaphazamisa khona ukumbozwa kwe-conformal noma ukuthintana kwe-test-probe.
• rosin Izinsalela azikwazi ukuhambisa amanzi kodwa zingaba nzima futhi zivame ukuhlanzwa nge-isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ukuze kube nebhodi elihlelekile nelihlolwa kahle.
• Amanzi ancibilikayo izinsalela kumele kufanele isuswe ngamanzi (kungcono isuswe i-ion) bese ibhodi lomiswa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ugesi, ngoba okusele kuyabola futhi kuyahambisa umoya uma kushiywe.

Ukuphepha: hlala ufaka i-solder endaweni enomoya noma ngokukhishwa kwentuthu — umusi wentuthu uyacasula — bese ugeza izandla ngemva kokuphatha intuthu. Futhi ukuphinda iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: i-asidi/i-plumbing flux (esekelwe ku-zinc-chloride) ayisetshenziswa emabhodini esifunda; insalela yayo izokonakalisa imizila futhi idale izindlela zokuvuza.

Indlela i-flux ephathwa ngayo ekuhlanganisweni kwe-PCB

Ekukhiqizeni ivolumu, i-flux ayikhethwa ngokuzizwa — icacisiwe futhi ilawulwa. I-flux engaphakathi kwe-solder paste ifaniswa nephrofayili ye-alloy kanye ne-reflow, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali angahlanzekile lapho insalela ingahlala khona ngokuphephile, futhi i-flux encibilikayo emanzini noma esebenza kakhulu ihambisana nesinyathelo sokugeza esingaphakathi.

I-Highleap Electronics , umkhiqizi we-PCB kanye ne-PCBA oseShayina, ilawula ukugeleza kanye nezinsalela njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlanganisa: ukunamathisela kanye nokugeleza okukhethiwe kwe-alloy, ukuhlanza lapho ikhemikhali noma isidingo sokuthembeka kwekhasimende sidinga khona, kanye nokuqinisekiswa yi-AOI kanye ne-X-ray. Lapho amabhodi ebhekene nomswakama noma ukungcola kusetshenzwa, ukumbozwa okuvumelanayo kufakwa phezu kwendawo ehlanzwe kahle. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-DFM kungabonisa izidingo zokuhlanza kanye nokumboza ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlanganiswa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Engcono Kakhulu Yokushintshwa Kwe-Soldering

Yikuphi ukugeleza okungcono kakhulu kwe-electronics yokugoqa?

Kwabaningi be-elekthronikhi, i-flux engahlanzekile noma i-rosin (RMA) iyona engcono kakhulu — ethambile, engagqwali uma isetshenziswa kahle, futhi iphephile emabhodini. Ngokushintshashintsha kwe-SMD ne-BGA, i-flux yejeli engahlanzekile isebenza kahle kakhulu.

Yikuphi ukugeleza okungcono kakhulu kokulungiswa kabusha kwe-SMD ne-BGA?

Ijeli elithambile elingahlanzekile eligeleza kwisirinji. Lihlala lapho ulibeka khona, libamba izingxenye ezincane ngesikhathi sokufakwa, futhi lishiya insalela ephephile, yingakho kuyindinganiso ye-fine-pitch kanye ne-BGA reballing.

Ingabe i-flux engahlanzekile noma i-rosin ingcono?

Zombili zilungele izinto zikagesi. Ukungahlanzeki kulula ngoba izinsalela zayo zingashiywa endaweni yazo futhi ziphephile ngogesi, okwenza kube yindinganiso yokukhiqiza. I-Rosin (RMA) iyathethelela futhi ilungele ukushiswa ngesandla, yize izinsalela zayo zivame ukuhlanzwa ukuze kulungiswe ibhodi.

Ingabe kufanele ngihlanze i-flux ngemva kokuyibopha?

Kuncike ekugelezeni. Akukho okuhlanzekile okungashiywa kukho. I-Rosin ayihambisi ugesi kodwa ivame ukuhlanzwa ukuze ibonakale futhi ihlolwe. Ukugeleza okuncibilika emanzini kumele kugezwe ngamanzi bese komiswa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ugesi, ngoba izinsalela zayo ziyabola futhi ziyahambisa ugesi.

Ngingasebenzisa amapayipi noma i-acid flux ebhodini lesifunda?

Cha. I-asidi/i-plumbing flux (esekelwe ku-zinc-chloride) ishiya insalela ebolile, eqhubayo elimaza imizila kanye nezingxenye. Sebenzisa i-flux eyenzelwe izinto zikagesi kuphela — i-rosin, ayihlanzekile, noma ayincibiliki emanzini.

Yikuphi ukugeleza okufanele ngisebenzise ekusongeleni okungenalo i-lead?

Ukushintshashintsha okulinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa okungenalo i-lead noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuvame ukuba matasa kakhulu ukusingatha iphuzu lokuncibilika eliphezulu. Ama-flux amaningi angahlanzekile kanye ne-rosin aklanyelwe ukusebenza nge-solder ene-lead kanye ne-lead-free - hlola ilebula.

Ingabe i-flux-core solder idinga i-flux eyengeziwe?

Ngokuvamile akusebenzi ngendlela eqondile yokuvula imbobo kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka ithini, njengoba ukugeleza sekuvele kungaphakathi kwentambo. Ngokulungiswa kabusha kwe-SMD, ukulungisa amalunga axubile, noma umsebenzi we-BGA, ukwengeza ijeli elikhethekile noma ukugeleza koketshezi kunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.