Isixhumi Sebhodi Eliya Ebhodini: Izinhlobo, Imininingwane, kanye Nendlela Yokukhetha Esisodwa

Isixhumi sebhodi nebhodi sibukeka njengomugqa omncane ku-BOM, kodwa singenye yemithombo evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kwensimu kuma-electronics ahlanganisiwe: oxhumana nabo abaqhekekile, amajoyinti e-solder aqhekekile, kanye nezixhumi ezingeke zihlangane ngemva kokuba indawo ebiyelwe ivaliwe. Isizathu ukuthi isixhumi siyingxenye yomshini eyenza umsebenzi kagesi, futhi lezi zimfuneko ezimbili ziyaphikisana. Lo mhlahlandlela ugxila kakhulu emindenini yezixhumi, imininingwane eqhuba ngempela ukukhetha, ubuqotho besignali kanye nemithetho yomshini yemiklamo ye-fine-pitch kanye ne-high-speed, kanye nemininingwane yokuhlanganisa enquma ukuthi umkhiqizo webhodi elihlanganisiwe uyasinda yini ensimini - kufaka phakathi izimo lapho isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ukususa isixhumi ngokuphelele.

Amaphuzu angezansi avela kulokho onjiniyela bethu bokuhlanganisa e-Highleap Electronics abakuhlolayo lapho umklamo uhlanganisa ama-PCB amabili noma ngaphezulu kanye nezixhumi zebhodi.

1. Kuyini Isixhumi Esixhumanisa Ibhodi Nebhodi? Izinhlobo Nokusetshenziswa

Isixhumi sebhodi nebhodi sakha isixhumanisi sikagesi nesomshini phakathi kwama-PCB amabili ngaphandle kwekhebula eliphakathi. Elinye ibhodi liphethe i-header (uhlangothi lwephini), elinye i-receptacle (uhlangothi lwesokhethi), futhi ukuhlanganisa kwabo kuvumelanisa amashumi noma amakhulu oxhumana nabo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umndeni owukhethayo uhlelwe ngokuyinhloko ngendlela amabhodi amabili aqondiswe ngayo ngokuqondene nomunye nomunye.

Izixhumi ze-Mezzanine (ezihambisanayo / ezihlanganisiwe)

Isixhumi se-mezzanine sibeka amabhodi amabili ahambisanayo, ahlukaniswe ukuphakama kwesitaki sesixhumi. Lokhu kuyindlela yokusebenza yemikhiqizo emincane — amakhadi endodakazi, amamojula e-RF kanye nenzwa, kanye nama-sandwiched assemblies — lapho isikhala esiqondile sishibhile kunendawo yebhodi. Ukuphakama kwesitaki kuyipharamitha echazayo ngoba kusetha igebe eliqondile phakathi kwamabhodi.

Izitayela ze-engeli yesokudla, umphetho, kanye nomphetho wekhadi

Isixhumi esinohlangothi lwesokudla sihlanganisa amabhodi amabili ku-90°, okuvamile lapho ikhadi lendodakazi lixhuma ngokuqondile kubhodi lomama. Izixhumi ezinohlangothi lwekhadi ziqhubeka nokusebenzisa oxhumana nabo beminwe yegolide abaqoshwe onqenqemeni lwebhodi uqobo, okususa ingxenye eyodwa yesixhumi kanye nezindleko zayo.

Izihlobo zekhebula eliya ebhodini kanye nezintambo eziya ebhodini

Okuhlobene kakhulu yizixhumi zekhebula eliya ebhodini kanye nezixhumi zekhebula eliya ebhodini, eziqeda ikhebula noma ucingo kunokuba zixhumane ne-PCB yesibili. Zixazulula inkinga ehlukile - ukuxhuma ibhodi kokuthile okuhambayo noma okuhlala kwenye indawo ku-chassis - futhi izinguqulo ezincane ezifana nesixhumi sebhodi lesifunda esinezikhonkwane ezine zitholakala yonke indawo ku-hardware yabathengi neyezimboni. I-logic yokukhetha (iphimbo, ugesi, ukugcinwa, imijikelezo yokuhlanganisa) iyafana yize uhlangothi olulodwa luyintambo, yingakho izixhumi zebhodi eliya ebhodini le-PCB kanye nezingxenye zekhebula eliya ebhodini zivame ukucaciswa emndenini ofanayo.

2. Imininingwane Yesixhumi Esisuka Ebhodini Kuya Ebhodini

Ishidi ledatha lesixhumi libala inqwaba yamapharamitha, kodwa ambalwa enza umsebenzi wangempela wokunciphisa ukukhetha.

I-pitch iwukuhweba phakathi kwesikhala nokuqina

Iphimbo — isikhala esiphakathi nendawo soxhumana nabo — siqala ku-2.54 mm obukhulu kuya phansi ku-0.4 mm obukhulu. Iphimbo elincane lifaka oxhumana nabo abaningi endaweni encane, yingakho amafoni nezinto ezigqokwayo ziyisebenzisa, kodwa ibekezelela ukungalungi kahle, yonakaliswa kalula ngokuphathwa kabi, futhi idinga ukubekwa okuqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Khetha iphimbo elinzima kakhulu elivumela indawo yakho, hhayi elihle kakhulu ongalithola.

Ukumelana kwamanje, ukudungeka, kanye nokuxhumana

Ukuthintana ngakunye kunesilinganiso samanje, kodwa leso sibalo sivame ukucashunwa ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa okushiwo kanye nokuthintana okukodwa okuhlukene. Ku-power rail, umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukulinganisa othintana abaningana kanye nokunciphisa isilinganiso njengoba izinga lokushisa elizungezile likhuphuka, ngoba isilinganiso samanje sikhona ukuze kukhawulelwe ukuzifudumeza. Ukumelana kokuthintana okuphansi nokuzinzile - ama-milliohm ambalwa, abanjwe yi-gold-over-nickel plating - yilokho okugcina lokho kushisa kulawuleka futhi kuvimbele ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okuhlupha othintana nabo abagugile noma abangcolisiwe.

3. Ubuqotho Besignali Nomklamo Wemishini

Isixhumi sihlala lapho imishini kanye nezinto zikagesi zihlangana khona, ngakho-ke izinto ezimbili ezihlukene kakhulu kumele zaneliswe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuqondanisa, ukuntanta, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokufaka ukhiye

Amabhodi amabili ahlanganiswe yisixhumi kumele avumelane ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana kokungahambisani kahle kwesixhumi , okuyinto ingxenye encane engase icaphune njengengxenyana yemilimitha; ezinye izinhla zengeza ama-lead-ins antantayo noma azivumelanisa ngokwawo ukuze amunce ukuhlukahluka kwebhodi kuya kwelinye. Leso sabelomali kumele sihlonishwe ngobukhulu bebhodi lakho, izimbobo zokufaka, kanye nokuma - hhayi isixhumi sodwa. Ukwehlukanisa kanye nokufaka ama-key kuvimbela opharetha ukuthi bahlanganise isixhumi esisusiwe noma esibuyiselwe emuva, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-blind-mate okungabonakali ngenkathi i-enclosure ivala kufanele kuvumele ukubekezelelana okuthethelelayo kanye nama-chamfers acacile okuholela.

Izimpawu zesivinini esikhulu zenza isixhumi sibe yingxenye yesiteshi

Kuma-digital noma ama-RF asheshayo, isixhumi siyingxenye yomugqa wokudlulisa. Uma amazinga onqenqema eshesha ngokwanele, isixhumi esivamile siba ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance okubonisa amandla, kukhuphule i-crosstalk, futhi kukhanye. Imiklamo yesivinini esiphezulu isebenzisa izixhumi ezilawulwa yi-impedance ezinokubuyiselwa komhlaba okuchaziwe kanye nesilinganiso esanele sokuxhumana komhlabathi kuya esignalini, futhi ukuqaliswa kusuka ebhodini kuya esixhumini kumele kugcine i-impedance elawulwayo kulo lonke ushintsho. Ukungakunaki lokhu kuguqula ukwakheka kwebhodi elihlanzekile kube yisixhumanisi esingaphansi kwesixhumanisi khona kanye esixhumini.

4. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesixhumi Sebhodi Nebhodi, Ukuthembeka, kanye Nezinye Izindlela

Izinkinga eziningi zezixhumi zebhodi nebhodi akuzona izinkinga zesixhumi — ziyizinkinga zokuhlanganisa kanye nokwakheka kwemishini ezivezwa yisixhumi.

Ukubambisana, ukugcinwa, kanye nokusebenza kabusha

Iningi lezixhumi zebhodi nebhodi zifakwa phezulu, zinezintambo eziningi ezincane okumele zonke zithinte ama-pad azo. Umzimba wesixhumi ogobile kancane, noma ibhodi elingasicaba, ushiya izintambo zisuka kuma-pad futhi udale ukuvuleka - yingakho ukunemba kokubekwa kanye nokulawula ukugeleza kabusha kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-SMT , nokuthi kungani i-coplanarity iqinisekiswa lapho kuhlolwa. Ukucindezeleka komshini okuvela ekuxhumeni, ukudlidliza, kanye ne-board flex kudla emajoyintini e-solder, ngakho izixhumi ezinezikhiye zebhodi, ukubamba phansi, noma izinsika zokunamathisela imbobo ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalezo ezibanjwe ama-pad azo esignali kuphela. Qondanisa isilinganiso somjikelezo wokuhlangana nokuthi umkhiqizo uvulwa kangaki, futhi ugcine oxhumana nabo behlanzekile - insalela yokuguquguquka noma udoti kuphakamisa ukumelana futhi kubangele izikhawu.

Uma isixhumi singeyona impendulo efanele

Ngezinye izikhathi uxhumano oluthembeke kakhulu alukho uxhumano nhlobo. Uma amabhodi amabili engadingi ukuhlukaniswa, uxhumano lunezela izindleko, ukuphakama, kanye nendawo yokwehluleka ngaphandle kwenzuzo. Enye indlela evamile isekethe egobile noma egobile eyenza izingxenye ezimbili eziqinile zibe ibhodi elilodwa eliqhubekayo elihlanganiswe nesigaba esiguquguqukayo, okususa isikhombimsebenzisi sokuhlangana, ukumelana kwaso kokuxhumana, kanye nokuguguleka kwaso okugobile — bheka ukubuka konke kwethu kwama- PCB aguquguqukayo nagobile . Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana okufushane, okuqinile phakathi kwamabhodi aseduze, i-castellated edge plating ivumela ibhodi elilodwa ukuthi ligobile ngqo kwelinye njengemojuli. Ngemikhiqizo emincane, evame ukudlidliza, noma enokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, lezi zindlela zivame ukuzikhokhela.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesixhumi Nebhodi Elihlanganisiwe eHighleap

Amabhodi ahlanganisiwe nahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile kithi, futhi izindlela zokwehluleka ziyabikezelwa - okusho ukuthi zingavinjelwa. Uma sihlanganisa ibhodi enezixhumi zebhodi eziqondile, sigcina ukunemba kokubekwa kanye nephrofayili yokugeleza kabusha ukuze wonke umholi afike ephedi lakhe, siqinisekise ukuhambisana kokuhlolwa, futhi sinikeze ama-connectors athembele kuphela kuma-signal pad ukuze agcinwe ukuze anamathele kahle. Lapho umklamo uhlanganisa amabhodi, siqinisekisa nokuthi ukuphakama kwesitaki esikhethiwe kanye nehadiwe yemishini kuyavumelana ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kokuqala.

Uma umkhiqizo wakho uhlanganisa amabhodi amabili noma ngaphezulu — ngesixhumi, i-castellation, noma i-rigid-flex — thumela umklamo futhi sizobuyekeza izingozi zokuhlanganisa kanye nobuchwepheshe, bese siwakha ukuze uxhumano lusinde ekuphatheni, ekudlidlizeni, nasensimini. Ngemiklamo lapho isixhumi sisebenza ngokweqile, singakha enye indlela ye-rigid-flex esikhundleni salokho.

Buyekeza Umklamo Wami Webhodi Elihlanganisiwe

6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngesixhumi Sebhodi Nebhodi

Iyini isixhumanisi sebhodi nebhodi?

Kuyisixhumi esihlanganisa amabhodi amabili esifunda aphrintiwe ngqo, ngaphandle kwekhebula, ngokuhlanganisa i-header ebhodini elilodwa elinesitsha kwelinye. Sisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa noma ukuxhumanisa amabhodi emikhiqizweni emincane futhi sichazwa kakhulu yi-pitch yaso, ukuphakama kwesitaki, kanye nesilinganiso samanje.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesixhumi sebhodi nebhodi kanye nesixhumi sekhebula nebhodi?

Isixhumi sebhodi nebhodi sihlangana ne-PCB yesibili; isixhumi sekhebula nebhodi siqeda ikhebula noma ucingo olusebenza kwenye indawo kumkhiqizo. Izindlela zokukhetha — ukuphakama, ugesi, ukugcinwa, imijikelezo yokuhlangana — ziyafana, kodwa uhlangothi olulodwa luyibhodi kanti olunye luyikhebula.

Kuyini ukuphakama kwe-stack kusixhumi se-mezzanine?

Ukuphakama kwe-stack yigebe eliphakathi kwamabhodi amabili ahambisanayo uma esehlanganiswe, elisethwe yi-header-and-receptacle pair oyikhethayo. Kumelwe ifane ne-mechanical stack-up yakho, ngakho-ke ikhethwa kanye ne-standoffs kanye nobukhulu be-enclosure, hhayi ngokuhlukaniswa.

Ngingayikhetha kanjani iphimbo elifanele?

Khetha iphimbo elinzima kakhulu elivumela isikhala sakho esitholakalayo. Amaphimbo aqinile (afinyelela ku-0.4 mm) afaka othintana nabo abaningi endaweni encane kodwa abekezelela ukungalungi okuncane, kulula ukulimaza, futhi adinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuhlanganiswa; amaphimbo aqinile aqinile kakhulu.

Ingakanani intambo kagesi engayithwala isixhumi sebhodi nebhodi?

Oxhumana naye ngamunye unesilinganiso esicashunwe ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa okuchaziwe, ngokuvamile koxhumana naye oyedwa. Kuma-power rails, hlanganisa oxhumana nabo abaningana bese ushintsha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kunokuthembela ku-pin eyodwa ukuze uthwale i-multi-amp rail.

Kungani izixhumi zebhodi nebhodi zihluleka ezindaweni zokuxhumanisa?

Ngokuvamile zifakwa phezulu ngezintambo eziningi ezincane, ngakho-ke isixhumi esigobile noma ibhodi elingasicaba lishiya izintambo eziphuma kuma-pad azo, futhi ukucindezeleka komshini okuvela ekuhlanganeni, ekudlidlizeni, nasekuguqeni kuphula amalunga. Ukukhetha izixhumi ezinezici zokugcina nokugcina ibhodi lisicaba phakathi kokuhlanganiswa kuvimbela ukwehluleka okuningi.

Kufanele ngisebenzise nini i-rigid-flex esikhundleni sesixhumi?

Uma amabhodi amabili engadingi ukuhlukaniswa. Isekethe eqinile iwenza abe yibhodi elilodwa eliqhubekayo elihlanganiswe nesigaba esiguquguqukayo, okususa ukumelana kokuxhumana kwesixhumi, ukuguguleka kokuhlangana, kanye namaphuzu okwehluleka kwe-solder-joint — okubalulekile emikhiqizweni emincane, evame ukudlidliza, noma enokwethenjelwa okuphezulu.