High TG PCB Comprehensive Guide

Isho ukuthini i-PCB Tg?

I-Tg imele “Izinga Lokushisa Lokuguquka Kwengilazi,” okuyisici esibalulekile sezinto ze-laminate ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB. I-laminate isebenza njenge-substrate yokuvikela lapho kudwetshwa khona iminonjana yethusi ukuze kwakhiwe isekethe. Iyisisekelo se- PCB , enikeza kokubili ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuvikela kagesi.

I-Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) izinga lokushisa lapho into ye-laminate ishintsha isuka esimweni esiqinile, esifana nengilazi siye esimweni esithambile, esinwebeka kakhulu noma esinerabha. Ngaphansi kwe-Tg, i-laminate igcina ukuqina kwayo namandla okusebenza, ihlinzeka ngokuzinza kwe-dimensional okuhle kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa selikhuphukela ngaphezu kwe-Tg, okokusebenza kuya ngokuya kuguquguquka, kulahlekelwe amandla ako emishini futhi kube lula ukuguquguquka.

Kafushane, i-Tg isebenza njengenkomba yokusebenza okushisayo kwe-PCB, isho ukuthi ibhodi lizobambelela kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezihlukene. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukuzinza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokushisa.

Amanani Ajwayelekile e-Tg Okuvamile FR-4

Amanani ajwayelekile e-Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) wento evamile ye-FR-4 laminate esetshenziswa kuma-PCB ngokuvamile asuka cishe ku-130°C ukuya ku-170°C. Ngaphakathi kwale spectrum:

• Isiphetho esiphansi noma isisekelo Izinto ze-FR-4 ngokuvamile i-Tg cishe i-130-150 ° C.
• Ukwakheka okuthuthukisiwe noma okukhethekile kwe-FR-4 kunganikeza amanani aphezulu e-Tg, afinyelele ku-170°C.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Tg ingahluka ngokusekelwe kukhemikhali ye-resin ethize kanye nohlobo lwe-fiberglass esetshenziswa ku-laminate. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke imininingwane yedatha noma umhlinzeki ngenani eliqondile le-Tg le-FR-4 laminate oyicabangelayo ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza.

Izinzuzo ze-High Tg yama-PCB

Ukusebenzisa ama-laminates e-Tg aphezulu kuma-PCB kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisebenza kahle nezifuna ngamandla. Lezi zinto zinikeza ukusebenza okushisayo okuthuthukisiwe, okuvumela amabhodi ukuthi abekezelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuwohloka futhi agcine ukuzinza kulo lonke ibanga lokushisa elibanzi. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokuguquguquka okuvamile kwezinga lokushisa. Ukwengeza, izinto ze-Tg eziphezulu zithuthukisa amandla emishini, ziqinisekisa ukuthi amabhodi ahlala eqinile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, okunciphisa izingozi zokungqubuzana noma izinguquko zobukhulu.

Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg aphinde anikeze ukumelana okuphakeme ekwandiseni okushisayo, okusiza ukugcina ukuqina kwe-dimensional futhi kuvimbele i-delamination noma ukulandelela ukuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili elishisayo. Lokhu kuholela ekuxhumekeni okuthembeke kakhudlwana, njengoba ama-vias namajoyinti e-PCB ehlala eqinile ngisho nangaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukukwazi ukumelana ne-oxidation nokubola kwempahla kuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukufaneleka kwebhodi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-Tg eziphezulu zithuthukisa ukusebenza kukagesi ngokugcina i-dielectric engaguquki kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali, iqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali engcono kulo lonke ibanga elibanzi. Izakhiwo zabo ezithuthukisiwe ezishisayo nezokusebenza zikhuphula ukwethembeka nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-PCB, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Naphezu kwezindleko zawo eziphakeme namandla okuba brittleness, ama-Tg PCB aphezulu aziswa ngezinzuzo zawo zokuphepha, okuhlanganisa ukubambezeleka komlilo, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zemishini.

High Tg PCB Laminate Materials

I-Tg ephezulu (izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi) Izinto ze-laminate ze-PCB zibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme. Izinto ze-Tg eziphakeme azijwayele ukuthambisa noma ukonakala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuzenza zilungele izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi nezokukhiqiza. Nazi ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile eziphezulu ze-Tg PCB laminate:

1. I-FR-4 High Tg: FR-4 kuyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi PCB impahla ejwayelekile. High Tg FR-4 inezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi ngokuvamile eliba ngu-170°C noma ngaphezulu. Ilungele izinqubo zokudambisa ezingenamthofu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zokumelana nokushisa okumaphakathi.
2. I-Polyimide (PI): Ama-laminates asuselwa ku-Polyimide ane-Tg ephezulu kakhulu, evamise ukudlula u-260°C. Banikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal namakhemikhali, okubenza balungele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo. Ziyatholakala futhi ngefomu le-substrate eliguquguqukayo.
3. I-BT (Bismaleimide Triazine) Epoxy: I-BT epoxy laminates ine-Tg ephezulu cishe engu-180°C. Zinikeza ukumunca umswakama ophansi kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, okuwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza kwe-high-frequency.
4. I-PPO (i-Polyphenylene oxide): Ama-laminate e-PPO ane-Tg ephezulu cishe engu-210°C. Baziwa ngokulahlekelwa okuphansi kanye ne-dielectrics ezinzile, kanye nentuthu ephansi nezici zokuvutha. Kodwa-ke, ukunamathela kwethusi kwesinye isikhathi kungaba inselele ngezinto ze-PPO.
5. I-LCP (I-Liquid Crystal Polymer): Amalayithi e-LCP ane-Tg ephezulu kakhulu esukela ku-280°C kuya ku-320°C. Banikeza ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kakhulu, ama-dielectrics azinzile, futhi ngokwemvelo avimbela ilangabi. I-LCP ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-RF (ifrikhwensi yomsakazo) kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesekethe eziguquguqukayo.
6. I-PTFE (Teflon): Ama-laminates asekelwe ku-PTFE ane-Tg ephezulu kakhulu cishe engu-330°C. Ane-dielectric constant ephansi kunayo yonke yanoma iyiphi impahla ye-laminate futhi ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi ayishi. Kodwa-ke, zidinga ukucubungula okukhethekile futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kuphela uma zibalulekile ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphezulu.
7. I-PTFE Egcwele I-Ceramic: Lawa ma-laminates aqukethe isigcwalisi se-ceramic ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali ye-high-frequency uma kuqhathaniswa namalayini we-PTFE ahlanzekile. Abiza kakhulu futhi adinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile.
8. I-Hydrocarbon Ceramic: I-Hydrocarbon ceramic laminates ihlanganisa izakhiwo ze-Tg eziphezulu nezigcwalisi ze-ceramic ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal. Balinganisela phakathi kokucatshangelwa kukagesi, okushisayo nezindleko.

Uma ukhetha okokusebenza kwelaminate kwe-Tg PCB ephezulu, cabanga izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, izimfuneko zamabhayisikili ashisayo, ubuqotho besignali, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. Kutuswa ukuthi uthintane nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB noma umphakeli wakho ukuze uthole izinto ezingcono kakhulu zezidingo zakho zohlelo lokusebenza.

Izicelo zama-PCB aphezulu we-Tg

I-High Tg (izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi) ama-PCB abalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanya amazinga okushisa aphakeme noma izimo zokusebenza ezifunayo. Lezi zinto ziqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo nokuthembeka kwamabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zama-Tg PCB aphezulu:

1. Consumer Electronics: Izinsiza eziningi zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ngabathengi, njengama-smartphone, amaphilisi, namakhompyutha aphathekayo, zisebenzisa ama-Tg PCB aphezulu. Lawa mabhodi angakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhiqizwa yizingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezinqubo ze-solder ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
2. Izithuthi Zamagesi: Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-electronics wezimoto. Bangakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphakathi kwemoto, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nenjini, futhi banikeze ukusebenza okuthembekile kumasistimu abalulekile njengamayunithi okulawula injini (ECUs), amasistimu we-infotainment, namasistimu okusiza abashayeli (ADAS).
3. Izinsiza Zezimboni: Imishini yezimboni ivamise ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg asetshenziswa kumaphaneli okulawula, amadrayivu ezimoto, nezinhlelo ezishintshayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zikagesi ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa nezimo ezinzima.
4. Aerospace nokuvikela: I-Aerospace nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvikela zidinga ama-PCB athembeke kakhulu angasebenza kumazinga okushisa okweqile futhi amelane nengcindezi yokushisa. Izinto ze-High Tg zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezindiza, amasathelayithi, amasistimu e-radar, nemishini yezempi.
5. Telecommunications: Impahla yengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana, njengeziteshi eziyisisekelo namarutha, ivamise ukusebenza endaweni yangaphandle enamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene. Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kwalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile.
6. Amadivaysi Ezokwelapha: Imishini yezokwelapha ingase idinge ukusebenza ezinqubweni zokuvala inzalo noma ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu. Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg asetshenziswa kumishini yezokwelapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.
7. Umkhakha Wamafutha negesi: Embonini kawoyela negesi, izinto zokusebenza ezifana nezinsimbi zokumba nezinzwa kufanele zisebenze ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu. Ama-Tg PCB aphezulu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula nokuqapha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka.
8. Amandla avuselelekayo: Iziguquli zelanga kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula i-turbine yomoya zivame ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa adlulele ngenxa yokufakwa kwazo ngaphandle. Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwalezi zinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo.
9. High-Frequency kanye RF Izicelo: Izinto ze-PCB eziphezulu ze-Tg zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-high-frequency kanye ne-RF (ifrikhwensi yomsakazo), njengemibhoshongo yeselula, izinhlelo ze-radar, nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ukuze kugcinwe izici zikagesi ezizinzile kulo lonke uhla lwamazinga okushisa.
10. Imvelo Enzima: Noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza endaweni enzima, njengezitshalo zamakhemikhali, izikhungo, noma izindawo zasolwandle, zingazuza kuma-Tg PCB aphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokwethembeka.

Ama-PCB aphezulu e-Tg athola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni lapho ukwethembeka, ukumelana nokushisa, nokuqina kubalulekile. Zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zikagesi namasistimu zingakwazi ukusebenza ngokungaguquguquki ezimeni ezinzima, ekugcineni zibe negalelo ekusebenzeni okuphelele nokuphepha kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene.

Uzicacisa Kanjani Izinto Ze-Tg Eziphezulu

Ukuze ucacise ngempumelelo izinto ze-Tg eziphezulu zomklamo we-PCB , qala ngokucwaninga ngokucophelela ama-laminate ahlukahlukene e-Tg aphezulu njenge-polyimide, i-BT epoxy, ne-PTFE. Cabanga ngezinto ezibalulekile ezifana namanani e-Tg, i-dielectric constant, i-loss tangent, kanye ne-thermal conductivity ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zihambisana nezidingo zakho zohlelo lokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukubhala phansi izinto ezidingekayo emidwebweni ye-PCB, kufaka phakathi imininingwane ethile efana nenani le-Tg, ukujiya, kanye nesisindo sethusi, ngenkathi futhi ubala ezinye izindlela ezamukelekayo uma kwenzeka izindleko noma ukutholakala kwezinkinga.

Ngokungeziwe ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, chaza noma yiziphi izidingo ezidingekayo zokucwasa, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa athile noma izingcindezi, futhi ucacise noma yiziphi izinqubo zokuhlola ezifana ne-TMA noma i-DSC ezingase zidingeke ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Njengoba ezinye izinto ze-Tg eziphezulu zinezikhathi zokuhola ezinde, faka lokhu ekuhlelweni kwephrojekthi yakho futhi ucele amabhodi amasampula ukuze ahlolwe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ngokugcwele.

Okokugcina, gcina ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi we-PCB yakho ngokucela izitifiketi kanye nemibiko yokuhlola yama-laminates ashiwo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezidingo zakho zedizayini futhi kunomthelela ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside kwama-PCB ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Lapho Usebenzisa Amabhodi E-Tg Aphakeme

Uma usebenzisa i-Tg ephezulu (izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi) amabhodi e-PCB, kunokucatshangelwa okuningana okubalulekile okufanele kukhunjulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okufanele nokuthembeka kwamabhodi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo:

1. Ukukhetha Izinto: Khetha i-Tg ephezulu efanele yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile. Cabangela izici ezifana nenani le-Tg elidingekayo, izakhiwo ze-dielectric, amandla okusebenza, kanye nemikhawulo yezindleko. Xhumana nomkhiqizi wakho we-PCB noma umphakeli wezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.
2. Ukucatshangelwa kobunjiniyela:
   • Ukuphatha Okushisayo: Amabhodi e-Tg aphezulu angcono ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, kodwa ukuphatha okushisayo okusebenzayo kusabalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi idizayini yakho ihlanganisa ukucwiliswa kokushisa okufanele, ukupholisa, kanye ne-thermal vias ukuze ukhiphe ukushisa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile.
   • Ukubekwa Kwengxenye: Beka izingxenye eziphehla ukushisa okuphezulu kude ukusuka kwenye ukuze unciphise ukushisisa kwendawo. Cabangela ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye zokuthuthukisa ukugeleza komoya nokuqeda ukushisa.
   • Idizayini Yesitaki: Dala ngokucophelela i- Isitaki se-PCB ukulawula i-impedance kanye nokunciphisa izinkinga zesignali yobuqotho, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephezulu.
3. Ukukhiqiza Process:
   • I-Soldering: Amabhodi e-Tg aphezulu ngokuvamile adinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu e-soldering. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zakho zokukhiqiza nezinto zokusebenza ziwafanele lawa mazinga okushisa ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwebhodi nengxenye.
   • Ukuvimbela i-Delamination: Izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-Tg zimelana kakhulu ne-delamination, kepha izinqubo ezifanele zokucwala zisabalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PCB yelashwe kahle ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho besakhiwo sebhodi.
4. Ukukhetha Ingxenye:
   • Izilinganiso Zengxenye: Sebenzisa izingxenye ezilinganiselwe ngebanga lokushisa elihlosiwe lokusebenza lebhodi le-Tg eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhetha izingxenye ezinokubekezelela ukushisa okufanele nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-alloys e-solder ayahambisana.
   • I-Lead-Free Solder: Amabhodi we-Tg aphezulu avame ukusetshenziswa ngezinqubo zokudambisa ezingenamthofu. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zakho kanye nama-alloys e-solder ahambisana ne-solder engenamthofu.
5. Ukuhlola Nokulawula Ikhwalithi:
   • Ukuhlolwa Kokwethembeka: Yenza izivivinyo zokwethembeka, njengokuhamba ngebhayisikili elishisayo nokuhlola ukuguga okusheshayo, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amabhodi e-Tg aphezulu angakwazi ukumelana nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa aphezulu.
   • Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi: Sebenzisa izinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze kutholwe futhi kulungiswe noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamabhodi e-Tg aphezulu.
6. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo: Amabhodi e-Tg aphezulu angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Cabangela izici ezifana nokuchayeka kumswakama, amakhemikhali, nengcindezi yokusebenza lapho uklama futhi ucacisa izinto zalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
7. Amadokhumenti kanye Nemininingwane: Bhala ngokucacile ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlobene namabhodi e-Tg aphezulu. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi engaguquki kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma emkhakheni.
8. Ukubambisana Komhlinzeki Nomkhiqizi: Hlanganyela eduze nomphakeli wakho wezinto ezibonakalayo we-PCB nomkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izici zokukhethwa kwempahla, ukwakheka, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zihambisana nezimfuneko zamabhodi e-Tg aphezulu.

Ngokucabangela lezi zici ngokucophelela nokusebenzisana nozakwethu abanolwazi, ungakwazi ukukhulisa ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwamabhodi e-Tg PCB aphezulu kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile.

Ukwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-Tg

Ukuhlola izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi (Tg) ye-PCB noma impahla yayo ye-laminate kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezicacisiwe zohlelo oluthile. Nasi isifinyezo sendlela yokuhlola i-Tg:

1. I-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC):
   • I-DSC iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokunquma i-Tg. Ekuhlolweni kwe-DSC, isampula elincane lezinto ze-PCB liyashisisa noma lipholiswe ngenkathi umthamo walo wokushisa ukalwa. I-Tg ihambisana nephoyinti lokuguquguquka noma indawo emaphakathi yejika lokushintsha umthamo wokushisa.
2. I-Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA):
   • I-DMA ikala izakhiwo zemishini zento njengoba ishintsha izinga lokushisa. Iqapha izinguquko zokuqina, i-modulus yokugcina, noma i-modulus yokulahlekelwa njengomsebenzi wezinga lokushisa. I-Tg ijwayele ukuhlonzwa njengezinga lokushisa lapho kuba khona ukwehla okukhulu kokuqina.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kweThermomechanical (TMA):
   • I-TMA ikala izinguquko zobukhulu kwinto njengoba ingaphansi kokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa. I-Tg inganqunywa ngokuhlaziya iphuzu lapho okubalulekile kukhombisa khona ushintsho olubonakalayo ekwandiseni okushisayo noma ukufinyela.
4. I-Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA):
   • I-DMTA ihlanganisa izici ze-DMA ne-TMA ukuze inikeze ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwezakhiwo zemishini nezokushisa, okuhlanganisa i-Tg. Ikala izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezinguquko zobukhulu.
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dielectric:
   • Izinguquko kuzakhiwo ze-dielectric, njenge-dielectric constant kanye ne-dissipation factor, zingabonisa i-Tg. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dielectric kungakhomba i-Tg ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo zikagesi njengoba izinga lokushisa lempahla likhuphuka.
6. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Thermogravimetric (TGA) Kuhlanganiswe ne-DSC:
   • I-TGA ikala ukwehla kwesisindo sento njengoba ishiselwa. Uma ihlanganiswe ne-DSC, inganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Tg, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho izinto ezingase zibole noma izinguquko zamakhemikhali kumazinga okushisa aphakeme.
7. Ukubonisana Abahlinzeki Bempahla Nabakhiqizi:
   • Abahlinzeki bezinto ezibonakalayo ze-PCB nabakhiqizi bavame ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Tg ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwempahla nokukhiqizwa. Bangakunikeza idatha nezitifiketi eziqinisekisa i-Tg yezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-PCB akho.
8. Amalebhu Okuhlola Azimele:
   • Uma udinga ukuqinisekiswa kwenkampani yangaphandle noma uma i-PCB yakho inganikezi idatha ye-Tg, ungathumela amasampula kumalebhu okuhlola azimele asebenza ngokukhethekile ekucacisweni kwezinhlamvu.

Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Tg, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo zokuhlola ezisezingeni, ukugcina ukulinganiswa kwemishini efanele, nokunamathela ezimisweni zokuphepha. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukwenza izivivinyo zokuthembeka, ezifana nokuhlolwa kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, ukuze uhlole ukuthi izinto ziziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukubambisana nososayensi bezinto ezinolwazi, abakhiqizi be-PCB , noma amalabhorethri okuhlola kuyalulekwa ukuqinisekisa ukunqunywa okunembile kwe-Tg nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zakho ze-PCB ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zesicelo sakho.