IPC 6013 for Flexible PCBs: Yini okudingeka ukwazi?

Ngenisa

I-IPC 6013 iyindinganiso eyinhloko yokucacisa ethuthukiswe yi-Institute for Printed Circuits (IPC) enikeza iziqondiso eziphelele zokuklama, ukwenziwa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwamabhodi wesekethe aprintiwe aguquguqukayo (ama-PCB). Le ncazelo iyingxenye yochungechunge olukhulu lwemibhalo ye-IPC 6000, olubeka indinganiso yokwenza kahle ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Izici Eziyinhloko ze-IPC 6013 zama- PCB aguquguqukayo zifaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwama-PCB aguquguqukayo, iziqondiso zokuklama, imininingwane yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa nokunye.

Ukubaluleka kwe-IPC 6013 embonini

Ukubambelela kumazinga e-IPC 6013 kubalulekile kubakhiqizi, abaklami, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina bama-PCB aguquguqukayo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB avumelana nezimo akhiqizwa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu, anikeza ukwethembeka nokusebenza ngokungaguquguquki kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ezimbonini ezithembele kumakhono ahlukile wama-PCB aguquguqukayo, afana nobuchwepheshe obugqokekayo, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, ne-aerospace, ukuthobela i-IPC 6013 kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komkhiqizo, ukuqina, nokusebenza kahle.

Ngokulandela ukucaciswa kwe-IPC 6013, izinkampani zingakwazi futhi ukwenza lula ukuxhumana nokuqonda okungcono phakathi kwabaklami nabakhiqizi, ziqondise inqubo yokukhiqiza, zehlise izindleko ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesivuno, futhi ekugcineni zilethe imikhiqizo ephezulu emakethe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-PCB aguqukayo

I-IPC 6013 ichaza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-PCB avumelana nezimo ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwawo nasekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe:

• Thayipha 1: Ama-PCB avumelana nohlangothi olulodwa anama-stiffener noma angenawo. Lezi zihlanganisa ungqimba lwekhondatha olulodwa kufilimu ye-dielectric eguquguqukayo.
• Thayipha 2: Ama-PCB anezinhlangothi ezimbili eziguqukayo anezimbobo ezipuletiwe, anazo noma ezingenazo iziqinisekiso. Lezi zinezingqimba ezimbili zekhondatha ezinesendlalelo se-insulating phakathi futhi zifinyeleleka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
• Uhlobo 3: Ama-PCB amaningi aguquguqukayo anezendlalelo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu eziguquguqukayo ezinezimbobo ezicwebezelayo, ezinezigxivizo noma ezingenazo. Lawa ma-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi ze-conductor kanye nezinto ezivikelayo, ezinikeza ukujikeleza okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuxhumana okuphezulu kokuminyana.
• Uhlobo 4: Ama-PCB aguquguqukayo aqinile, okungamasekhethi ezendlalelo eziningi ahlanganisa izendlalelo ze-PCB eziqinile neziguquguqukayo ezinwetshwe ndawonye zibe isakhiwo esisodwa. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa ukuzinza kwemishini kwama-PCB aqinile nokuguquguquka kwamasekhethi aguquguqukayo.

I-IPC 6013 iphinda ihlukanise ama-PCB aguquguqukayo abe amakilasi amathathu ngokususelwe ezingeni lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuthembeka okudingekayo, okuhlobana ngokuqondile nobunkimbinkimbi bohlelo kanye nendawo lapho i-PCB izosebenza khona:

• Isigaba 1: Imikhiqizo Ejwayelekile Ye-elekthronikhi, ehloselwe imikhiqizo lapho imfuneko eyinhloko kuwumsebenzi wokuhlanganisa okuqediwe. Lokhu kuvamise ukuba yimikhiqizo yezinga lomthengi engadingi ukuphila okunwetshiwe noma ukwethembeka ngokwedlulele.
• Isigaba 2: Imikhiqizo Ezinikele Yesevisi Ye-elekthronikhi, edizayinelwe imikhiqizo edinga ukwethembeka okuphakeme nokuphila okunwetshiwe, kodwa hhayi ezingeni Lesigaba 3. Ngokuvamile lezi zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yezimboni noma yezohwebo lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu nokwethembeka kudingeka khona kodwa kungabalulekile.
• Isigaba 3: Imikhiqizo Ethembekile Ephezulu/Yezinga Lezempi, ehloselwe imikhiqizo efuna ukuqhubeka nokusebenza noma ukusebenza lapho kudingeka khona. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa kwezempi, i-aerospace, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha lapho ukwehluleka kungeyona inketho, futhi i-PCB kufanele isebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Ngokuhlela ukukhiqiza, kuyasiza futhi ukuqhathanisa lesi sihloko nenqubo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-PCB kanye nomklamo we-microvia kanye ne-HDI ngaphambi kokuqedela iphakheji yokukhiqiza noma yokuhlanganisa.

Izidingo zokugqoka

Kumasekhethi aguquguqukayo, ukucwenga kuvame ukusebenzisa "i-button plating" noma "i-pad plating," indlela egxile ekubambiseni iphedi elingaphezulu kanye nembobo kunendawo yonke yebhodi. Le ndlela isho ukuthi izidingo zokucwenga zamasekhethi aguquguqukayo noma aqinile ngokuvamile azibanzi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhodi esekethe aqinile, abonisa izidingo eziyingqayizivele zokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwama-PCB aguquguqukayo.

Ukucaciswa kwe-IPC 6013 kufaka phakathi amathebula anemininingwane ezidingo zokucwenga kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zemiklamo ye-PCB eguquguqukayo neqinile, okuhlanganisa nezimbobo, izimbobo ezingaboni kanye nezingcwatshwe, ama-micro-vias, kanye nokugqitshwa ngama-cores. Ithebula ngalinye lihlinzeka ngezidingo ezithile zokucwenga ezihambisana nezici ezihlukile nezidingo zokusebenza zalokhu kulungiselelwa kwe-PCB okuhlukile.

Izimfuneko Zekhwalithi

Izidingo zekhwalithi zama-PCB aguquguqukayo naqinile zabelana ngokufana okuningi nalezo zama-PCB aqinile, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimbobo ezicwebezelayo (PTH), ama-microvias, nezimbobo ezicwebezelayo zangaphakathi, njengoba zinezidingo ezifanayo zokuqhuma kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokucaciswa. Ikhwalithi ye-conductor, ukubekezelelwa kwesisindo se-copper, nokunye ukucaciswa okuningana kuyahambisana kakhulu phakathi kwamazinga e-flex, rigid-flex, nama-PCB aqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokusebenza.

Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezihlukile zezinto eziguquguqukayo, kunomehluko eminingana ezidingweni zekhwalithi:

I-Bow and Twist: Kuma-PCB aqinile, i-bow and twist izilinganiso ezibucayi ezibonisa ukucaba kwebhodi. Kodwa-ke, kumabhodi esekethe aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile, lezi zinyathelo azihambisani kangako ngoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziklanywe ngokwemvelo ukuthi zikwazi ukuguquguquka. Ngakho, ukucaciswa komnsalo nokusonta ngokuvamile kusebenza kuphela ezindaweni eziqinile zamabhodi aguquguqukayo aqinile.

Ukucatshangelwa Okuqondile Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Amasekhethi e-Flex asebenzisa izinto ezihlukile ezifana nezimbobo, izigxivizo eziqinile, nezinamatheliso, ezingenakho okulinganayo kuma-PCB aqinile. Ngakho-ke, amazinga e-IPC ama-PCB aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile abhekana nezinkinga ezithile ezihlobene nalezi zinto, njenge:

I-Soda Strawing: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-coverlay iphakamisa izungeza umkhondo. Nakuba ingafaneleki, ingaba yisimo esamukelekayo inqobo nje uma ingavimbeli ukusebenza kwebhodi.
I-Coverlay Creases: Ama-Creases kumafilimu ekhava angamukeleka inqobo nje uma engaholeli ekwehleni, okungafaka engozini ubuqotho besekethe.
Izinto Zangaphandle Ezingaphansi Kwama-Stiffener: Ukuba khona kwezinto zangaphandle ngaphansi kwama-stiffener kuvumelekile ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ethile, ngokuvamile engadluli u-5% wendawo eqinile, ukugwema noma yimuphi umthelela olimazayo ekusebenzeni kwebhodi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yama-PCB aguquguqukayo naqinile kuhilela ibhalansi ecophelelayo yokusebenzisa izindinganiso ezifanele kusukela kuma-PCB aqinile kuyilapho kuhlanganisa izici ezihlukile zokujikeleza okuguquguqukayo. Kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile ukuhumusha lawa mazinga ngendlela efanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ama-PCB aguquguqukayo naqinile akhiqiziwe azosebenza ngokwethembeka ezinhlelweni zawo ezihlosiwe.