Umhlangano we-PCB we-IPC Class 2 vs Class 3

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB ye-IPC Class 2 vs Class 3 kuyisinqumo esithinta izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukujula kokuhlola, imibhalo, imikhawulo yokulungisa kabusha kanye nokulawulwa kokukhiqiza. I-Highleap Electronics isekela ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB ngokwesigaba sokwamukelwa esichazwe yikhasimende. Ikilasi kufanele lichazwe ngokucacile emdwebweni wokwenziwa, amanothi okuhlanganiswa noma i-oda lokuthenga ngaphambi kwekhotheshini.

Isigaba sesi-2 sivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-electronics akhethekile lapho kulindeleke khona umsebenzi onokwethenjelwa kanye nokuphila komkhiqizo okuvamile. Isigaba sesi-3 sisetshenziselwa ama-electronics anokwethenjelwa kakhulu lapho ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi izindlela zokwamukelwa ziqinile. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike engcupheni yomkhiqizo, indawo yokusetshenziswa kokugcina, izidingo zokwehla kokuhamba kwamakhasimende kanye nezindleko zokwehluleka.

I-Highleap Electronics isekela kokubili ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB ye-Class 2 kanye ne-Class 3 lapho isidingo sichazwa yikhasimende. Ukukhetha kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwekhotheshini ngoba kuthinta umzamo wokuhlola, ukuhlela ukukhiqiza, ukulawula kabusha kanye nemibhalo. I-Gerber kanye ne-BOM efanayo ingacaphuna ngendlela ehlukile lapho isigaba sokwamukela sishintsha.

Izidingo Zokuhlanganiswa Kwekilasi 2 kanye Nekilasi 3

Ikilasi lokuhlanganisa le-IPC lichaza okulindelwe ukwamukelwa kwemihlangano ye-elekthronikhi. Alithathi indawo yokuklama kwamakhasimende, ukubuyekezwa kokuphepha komkhiqizo, uhlelo lokuthobela imithetho noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza. Ikilasi lisiza ukuvumelanisa izindlela zokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kanye nezinqubo zokwamukelwa phakathi kwamakhasimende kanye nomhlinzeki wokuhlanganisa.

Ikilasi lokwamukelwa njengemfuneko yokukhiqiza

Ikilasi lokuhlanganisa kufanele liphathwe njengemfuneko yokukhiqiza, hhayi ilebula lokugcina elingeziwe ngemva kokwakhiwa kwamabhodi. Uma kudingeka iKlasi 3, inqubo yokukhiqiza ingadinga ukubuyekezwa okujulile kwamajoyinti e-solder, izihlalo zezingxenye, ukugcwaliswa kwembobo, amajoyinti afihliwe, umlando wokusebenza kabusha kanye namarekhodi. Uma kudingeka iKlasi 2, ukwakhiwa kusengaba okuthembekile futhi okulawulwa kahle, kodwa izindlela zokwamukela kanye nephakheji yobufakazi kungase kuhluke.

Isitatimende sekilasi esicacile sisiza futhi ukuvimbela ukulindela okuxubile phakathi kokuthenga nobunjiniyela. Ukuthenga kungagxila entengo nasekulethweni, kuyilapho ubunjiniyela bungalindela amarekhodi aqinile okwamukelwa. I-RFQ kufanele ilethe zombili izidingo kuphakheji eyodwa yokukhishwa ngaphambi kokuba umhlinzeki aqale ukuhlela ukwakha.

Ikilasi lokuhlanganisa kufanele liphathwe njengemfuneko yokukhiqiza, hhayi ilebula lokumaketha. Lithinta ukuhlolwa kwejoyinti le-solder, ukwamukelwa kokubekwa kwezingxenye, isikhathi sokuhlola, ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza kabusha kanye namadokhumenti. Uma i-oda lingasho ikilasi, ifektri ingacaphuna ngokusekelwe ezicatshangweni ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa ezingahambisani nokusetshenziswa kokugcina.

Izinga Lokuthembeka kanye Nomehluko Wengozi Yomkhiqizo

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweKilasi 2 neKilasi 3 ukulindela ukuthembeka ngemuva komkhiqizo. Ikilasi 2 lingafaneleka emikhiqizweni lapho ukuthembeka kwesevisi evamile kwanele. Ikilasi 3 likhethwa lapho ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kusekele ukulindela ukuthembeka okudinga kakhulu, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu noma izidingo zamakhasimende eziqinile.

1. Chaza umsebenzi womkhiqizo: Thola ukuthi i-PCBA ilawula yini ukuphepha, amandla, ukuxhumana, ukuzwa noma ukuqapha.
2. Buyekeza indawo yesevisi: Cabanga ngokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umjikelezo womsebenzi, ukucindezeleka komshini kanye nokufinyelela ensimini.
3. Hlola ukwehla kokuhamba kwamakhasimende: Amanye amakhasimende achaza iSigaba sesi-3 kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizo ungowaluphi uhlobo.
4. Qhathanisa izindleko zokwehluleka: Isinqumo sokuhlanganisa esingabizi kakhulu singabiza kakhulu uma ukwehluleka kuholela enkonzweni yasensimini noma ekubuyiselweni komkhiqizo.
5. Chaza ikilasi ku-RFQ: Ikilasi elikhethiwe kumele livele ngaphambi kokucaphuna kanye nokuhlela ukukhiqiza.

Umehluko Wokuhlola Nokwamukelwa

Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sesi-3 ngokuvamile kufuna kakhulu kunokuhlolwa kwesigaba sesi-2. Umehluko awugcini nje ngesikhathi sokuhlola esiningi. Kuthinta nokuthi yini eyamukelekayo, indlela amarekhodi alungiswa ngayo nokuthi ukulungiswa kabusha kulawulwa kanjani. Amajoyinti e-solder afihliwe, izingxenye ze-fine-pitch, ukugcwaliswa kwe-solder okumboziwe kanye nezingxenye ezicindezelwe ngomshini kungadinga ukubuyekezwa okuseduze kumaphrojekthi esigaba sesi-3.

Izidingo zokuhlola akufanele ziqagelwe. Uma ikhasimende lidinga izithombe ze-AOI, amarekhodi e-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala, idatha yokuhlola okusebenzayo noma ukulandelelwa kwenqwaba, lezo zinto kufanele zibe yingxenye yesicelo sekhotheshini.

I-Highleap incoma ukuphatha i-Class 2 vs Class 3 njengesinqumo sezinga lephrojekthi. Ukushintsha ikilasi ngemuva kokusethwa kwe-SMT noma ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala kungadinga ukubuyekezwa kabusha, amarekhodi engeziwe noma ngisho nokwakhiwa kabusha. Isinqumo sangaphambi kwesikhathi esizinzile sigcina isilinganiso, isikhathi sokuhola kanye nomzila wokukhiqiza uhambisana.

Umthelela Wezindleko Nesikhathi Sokuhola

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba sesi-3 kungandisa izindleko nesikhathi sokuhola ngoba i-oda lingadinga ukubuyekezwa kwenqubo okuqinile, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, imibhalo eminingi, ukulawulwa komsebenzi okuqinile kanye nemibuzo eyengeziwe yobunjiniyela ngaphambi kokukhishwa. Ukwenyuka kwezindleko kuncike ebunzimeni bebhodi, uhlobo lwengxenye, ububanzi bokuhlola kanye nezidingo zemibhalo yamakhasimende.

Izinto zezindleko ezithintekayo ngokukhethwa kwekilasi

• Isikhathi sokubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela sokudweba, i-BOM, amanothi okuhlanganisa kanye nekilasi lokwamukela.
• Isikhathi sokuhlola izindawo ezine-pitch encane, ezifihliwe, ezimbobo edlulayo kanye nezindawo ezihlanganisiwe ngesandla.
• Amadokhumenti afana ne-CoC, umbiko wokuhlola, ukulandeleka noma amarekhodi esihloko sokuqala.
• Ukulawulwa kokulungiswa kabusha kanye nokubuyekezwa okwengeziwe kwezimo ezingahambisani.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuhlola, uhlelo noma ukwesekwa kokuhlola okusebenzayo okuqondiswe kumakhasimende.

Izinto zesikhathi sokuhola ezithintekile ngokukhethwa kwekilasi

Isikhathi sokukhokha singanda lapho iphrojekthi idinga ukucaciswa kwamakhasimende, izingxenye ezikhethekile, amarekhodi okuhlola, ukuhlela i-X-ray noma ukuvunyelwa kwesihloko sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba inani elisele likhishwe. Isikhathi sokukhokha singanda nalapho i-PCB ngokwayo kumele yenziwe ngemfuneko eqinile, lapho kwandiswa isampula yokuhlola, noma lapho kudingeka ukuvunyelwa kwamakhasimende ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha.

Kumaphrojekthi asheshayo, ikilasi lokwamukela kufanele libe ngenye yezinto zokuqala ze-RFQ eziqinisekisiwe. Isheduli ye-SMT esheshayo ingokoqobo kuphela uma i-BOM, amafayela e-PCB, amanothi omhlangano, izidingo zokuhlola kanye namarekhodi adingekayo konke sekulungile ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Isikhathi sokuhola singase sande lapho iphrojekthi idinga ukucaciswa kwamakhasimende, izingxenye ezikhethekile, amarekhodi okuhlola, ukuhlela i-X-ray noma ukuvunyelwa kwesihloko sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba inani elisele likhishwe. Ukuze unciphise ukubambezeleka, faka isigaba sokwamukelwa, izidingo zemibhalo kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ku-RFQ yokuqala.

Izicelo Zemboni Zekilasi Ngalinye

Igama lemboni lodwa alinqumi isigaba. Eminye imikhiqizo yezimboni ingasebenzisa iSigaba 2. Eminye imisebenzi yezokwelapha noma yezindiza ingadinga iSigaba 3 ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende. Umnikazi wedivayisi, igunya lokuklama noma ithimba lekhwalithi yamakhasimende kufanele lichaze isigaba ngokusekelwe engcupheni nasezidingweni.

Ukuze uthole amaphrojekthi ezokwelapha, bheka ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB yedivayisi yezokwelapha . Ukuze uthole izinhlelo zezindiza nezokuvikela, bheka ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB yezindiza nezokuvikela.

Uma umkhiqizo ungowohlelo olulawulwayo noma olulawulwa yikhasimende, isinqumo sokugcina sekilasi kufanele silandele imfuneko yokudweba ekhishwe, inkontileka noma ikhwalithi yekhasimende. Umhlinzeki akufanele ehlise izinga lekilasi ukuze anciphise izindleko, futhi umthengi akufanele athuthukise ikilasi ngaphandle kokuqonda izindleko kanye nomthelela weshejuli.

Izingozi Zokucacisa Ngokweqile kanye Nokungacacisi Kahle

Ukukhetha isigaba esingalungile kungadala izindleko ezingadingekile noma ingozi engamukeleki. Ukucacisa ngokweqile kungadla isabelomali, kwandise ukulethwa futhi kudinge amarekhodi okuhlola angadingeki ngumkhiqizo. Ukungacacisi kahle kungaholela ekwenqatshweni kwamakhasimende, ekulungisweni kabusha, ekukhathazekeni ngokuthembeka noma enkingeni yokufakazela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuhlangatshezwene nesidingo esihlosiwe.

Ingozi yokucacisa ngokweqile

Ukucacisa ngokweqile kuvamile lapho umthengi ecela isigaba esiphezulu ngaphandle kokubuyekeza umsebenzi wangempela womkhiqizo. Uma umkhiqizo ungadingi iSigaba 3, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kanye namadokhumenti kungase kungathuthukisi umphumela webhizinisi. Indlela engcono ukuchaza ingozi yomkhiqizo, uhlelo lokuhlola kanye nesidingo sokwamukelwa ngaphambi kokukhetha isigaba.

Ingozi yokungacaciswa kahle

Ukungacacisi kahle kuba kubi kakhulu uma ukugeleza kwamakhasimende noma izidingo zephrojekthi ezilawulayo zilindele iSigaba sesi-3 kodwa i-RFQ ayisho kanjalo. Uma isidingo sengezwa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, isakhiwo singadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma singase singamukelwa njengesakhiwe. Kungase futhi kudale ukubambezeleka kwangaphakathi ngoba amaqembu ekhwalithi, abaphathi bephrojekthi kanye nabakhiqizi bezinkontileka abasasebenzi ngesidingo esifanayo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ilula: faka ikilasi esicelweni sokudweba, i-oda lokuthenga kanye nesilinganiso somhlangano. Uma ikhasimende lingaqiniseki, caphuna zombili izinketho bese uqhathanisa iphakheji yokuhlola, isikhathi sokulethwa kanye nengozi iyonke yephrojekthi.

Ukungacacisi kahle kuba kubi kakhulu uma izidingo zephrojekthi yokulawula noma yokwehla kwamakhasimende zilindele iKlasi 3 kodwa i-RFQ ayisho kanjalo. Uma isidingo sengezwa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, ukwakhiwa kungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma kungase kungamukelwa njengokwakhiwe. Ikilasi lokuhlanganiswa kumele linqunywe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.