Umklamo Nokukhiqiza i-Keyboard Matrix PCB | I-Anti-Ghosting

Idizayini ye-PCB ye-matrix yekhibhodi iguqula inani elikhulu lamaswishi libe yisethi esebenzayo yomugqa wokulawula kanye nezimpawu zekholomu . I-matrix, isiqondiso se-diode, isikhathi sokuskena, i-debounce, izikhundla zokwakheka ongazikhethela kanye nemephu yephinikhodi ye-firmware kumele ichaze umkhiqizo owodwa ohambisanayo. Iphutha lokuqondisa lingathinta ukhiye owodwa kuphela, umugqa wonke, ikholomu noma inhlanganisela ethile yamakhi amaningi, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kufanele kudlule ukuqhubeka kwebhodi elingenalutho.

I-Highleap Electronics isekela ukwenziwa kwe-PCB yekhibhodi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCBA, uhlelo lwe-firmware kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-matrix test-fixture yamakhibhodi omshini, ama-keypad namaphaneli okulawula. Amakhasimende angacela ikhotheshini yokuqala esebenzisa inani lezinkinobho, ukwakheka kanye nobuningi obulindelekile; akudingeki i-schematic ephelele koxhumana naye wokuqala.

Ama-matrices amaningi ekhibhodi asetshenziswa ezingqimbeni ezimbili zethusi futhi angasebenzisa izingxenye ezinhlangothini zombili. I-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili ayifani nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi ukuqondisa i-matrix akufanele kuchazwe njengokudinga ibhodi elihlangothini olulodwa ngoba nje amaswishi abonakala phezulu.

Ukwakheka kanye Nokufakwa Komklamo Wekhibhodi

Imigqa namakholomu kunciphisa inani lamaphini ngokuskena izindawo zokuhlangana esikhundleni sokunikeza iphini elilodwa le-MCU kukhiye ngamunye. Ubukhulu be-matrix kufanele bukhethwe ngokutholakala kwe-MCU GPIO, umzila ongokoqobo, ukwesekwa kwe-firmware kanye nezikhundla zokhiye ozikhethela engqondweni. I-matrix esebenza kahle akuyona njalo unxande omncane kakhulu wezibalo; i-matrix enkulu kancane ingakhiqiza umzila ohlanzekile noma ukwesekwa okungcono kwe-variant.

Ukufakwa Kokuthengwa Nokuklanywa kwe-PCB ye-Keyboard Matrix

Ikhotheshini yokuqala ayidingi iphakheji kagesi ephelele, kodwa ukukhishwa komkhiqizo ekugcineni kudinga incazelo ecacile yendawo yokhiye. Ulwazi lokuqala oluwusizo kakhulu ukwakheka okungokoqobo, inani lokhiye elilinganiselwe, izixhumi ezidingekayo nokuthi ikhasimende selivele line-firmware. I-Highleap ingakwazi ukubona ukuthi iphrojekthi iyisakhiwo esilula se-matrix, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo noma iphakheji yokukhiqiza yesilawuli-plus-firmware.

Ama-diode, i-Ghosting kanye ne-Key Rollover

Kungani kwenzeka imimoya

Ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa, izinhlanganisela ezithile zamakhi amathathu zingadala indlela yamanje engahlosiwe ebonakala njengokhiye wesine. Ama-diode e-matrix akhawulela isiqondiso samanje futhi avame ukufakwa ngeswishi ngayinye lapho kudingeka ukusebenza okuqinile kwamakhi amaningi. Ukuqondiswa kwawo kumele kufane kokubili incazelo ye-matrix kanye nesiqondiso sokuskena se-firmware.

Ukulwa nezipoki akufani ne-NKRO

Ama-diode nge-key asusa imbangela enkulu kagesi yokugqwala, kodwa ukuziphatha kokugcina kokugoqa kuncike ku-firmware, ifomethi yombiko we-USB HID, iphrothokholi engenantambo kanye nezinhlanganisela ezithile ezivivinyiwe. Ngakho-ke izimangalo zokumaketha kufanele zixhunywe ohlelweni lokuhlola oluvunyiwe, hhayi kuphela kubuciko be-PCB.

Izakhiwo ezingakhethwayo zidala ingozi ye-matrix efihliwe

I-PCB ebanzi ingafaka i-ANSI/ISO enter, i-split backspace, i-split spacebar noma ezinye izikhundla zomugqa ongezansi. Izinyathelo zokushintsha ezihlukile zingabelana nge-matrix node, kodwa umdwebo wokuhlanganisa kanye ne-firmware kumele kubonise ukuthi yiziphi izikhundla ezifakiwe ngempela. Izikhundla ezingalawulwa ezingakhethwa zingadala okhiye abaphindaphindwayo, inhlanganisela engenakwenzeka noma i-test fixture ecindezela i-coordinate engalungile.

• Cacisa ukuma kwe-diode ngophawu olucacile lwe-cathode kanye nomdwebo wokuhlanganiswa.
• Gcina izikhundla ozikhethela zona zingadali izindlela ezingahlosiwe ezihambisanayo.
• Qinisekisa inhlanganisela yezinkinobho eziningi ezikhethiwe esimweni sangempela sokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo.
• Chaza ukuthi inhloso yokwamukela i-6KRO, i-NKRO noma isethi yokuhlola eqondene nekhasimende.

Ukuqondisa Umugqa/Ikholomu, Ukuskena kanye Nokuxhumana Kwe-Firmware

Izimpawu ze-matrix zishesha kancane, kodwa ukwakheka okubi kusengadala izinkinga zokukhiqiza kanye ne-EMC. Ukugijima okude okuhambisanayo kungahlanganisa umsindo wokushintshana kwe-LED; ama-vias abekwe ngaphansi kwezikhonkwane zokushintshana anganciphisa ukuvuleka komshini; imikhondo eqondiswe eduze kakhulu nemiphetho yamabhodi noma imigodi yokufaka ingonakala ngesikhathi sokususwa kwamapaneli noma ukuhlanganiswa. Isikhala sokubuyekezwa kwe-Highleap, ubudlelwano bemigodi, ukufinyelela kwe-diode kanye nokubekwa kwephuzu lokuhlola ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwe-DFM.

• Gcina ukuqanjwa komugqa/ikholomu kuhambisana kuwo wonke amalebula e-PCB, i-firmware kanye nezixhumi.
• Beka ama-diode anereferensi ebonakalayo ye-polarity kanye nokuqondiswa okufundeka ngomshini.
• Gwema umzila odinga ukugoba intamo okungadingekile eduze kwezimbobo zokushintsha eziphindaphindwayo.
• Nikeza ukufinyelela kokuhlolwa kwamanethi omugqa namakholomu lapho kulindeleke khona ukuxilongwa kwe-fixture.
• Hlukanisa izindlela zamandla ze-LED ezinomsindo kusuka ekusethweni kabusha kwesilawuli okubucayi, i-oscillator kanye nezifunda ze-USB.

I-matrix traces ngokuvamile ijubane eliphansi, kodwa ukuqondisa kusathinta ukukhiqizwa, ukuzwela kwe-EMI, ukuminyana kwezixhumi kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola. Amabhodi amaningi ekhibhodi angama-PCB anezingqimba ezimbili, yize i-RGB exineneyo, amamojula angenantambo noma izingxenye zokulawula eziyinkimbinkimbi zingadinga izendlalelo ezengeziwe. Ukuthululwa komhlabathi akufanele kusetshenziswe njengezaba zokushiya izithiyo ezincane zokubuya noma ukuthunga okubekwe kabi eduze kwamandla anomsindo nezindawo ze-USB.

Ukuskena, Ukususa Iphutha kanye Nokuxhumana Kwe-Firmware

Ukukhishwa kwehadiwe kumele kufane nencazelo ye-firmware matrix. Amaphini emigqa, amaphini ekholomu, isiqondiso se-diode, i-bootloader, i-keymap kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo kufanele kube nezihlonzi zokubuyekeza. Izilungiselelo zokususa iphutha kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokushintsha kwangempela noma ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kunokuba zikopishwe ngokungaboni kusuka kukhibhodi ehlukile.

Ku- QMK/VIA noma i-firmware yamakhasimende, i-Highleap ingalayisha i-binary evunyelwe futhi iqinisekise imephu yokhiye ongokoqobo kuya kokunengqondo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-firmware kanye nobunikazi be-algorithm kuhlala kuchazwe ngamakhasimende ngaphandle kokuthi kufakwe ngokwehlukana kububanzi bephrojekthi.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokubuyekezwa Komklamo Wekhibhodi Ye-Matrix

Ukwakhiwa, Ukuhlanganiswa kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwe-PCB

Amaphethini okushintsha kanye ne-diode aphindaphindwayo enza ama-matrices ekhibhodi afaneleke kahle ekuhlanganisweni okuzenzakalelayo, kodwa amaphethini aphindaphindwayo angafihla namaphutha ahlelekile. Uhlelo lwe-diode oluguquliwe noma ukuqondiswa okungalungile kwe-feeder kungathinta ibhodi lonke. Ngakho-ke ukuqinisekiswa kwesihloko sokuqala kufanele kuhlole i-polarity kuma-coordinates amaningi futhi kuqinisekise ukuskena kwangempela kokhiye ngaphambi kokuba kuqhubeke yonke indawo.

Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwebhodi elingenalutho kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwethusi kodwa akukwazi ukufakazela ukuziphatha kwe-matrix ngemuva kokuthi izingxenye kanye ne-firmware kungeziwe. I-AOI ithola amaphutha amaningi e-polarity kanye ne-solder, kuyilapho i-functional fixture iqinisekisa uhlelo. Kokubili kuyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe okunenjongo.

Akukho schematic ye-PCB edingekayo kwikhotheshini yokuqala. Ikhasimende lingaqala ngokuhlelwa, inani lezihluthulelo kanye nemisebenzi efiselekayo; idatha ye-matrix enemininingwane kanye nokukhishwa kwayo iyaqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Matrix kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokwehluleka

I-fixture enhle yenza okungaphezu kokubika ukuthi “ikhibhodi yehlulekile.” Ikhomba iqembu elingase lihluleke. Uma ukhiye ngamunye emgqeni owodwa wehluleka, i-fixture noma isofthiwe kufanele ibhekise ku-net yomugqa, iphinikhodi ye-MCU, ingxenye yochungechunge noma i-solder joint. Uma ukhiye owodwa wehluleka, ukuxilongwa kufanele kuhlukanise ukuxhumana kwe-switch noma i-hot-swap socket , ukuqondiswa kwe-diode, i-open trace kanye ne-firmware mapping.

I -bed-of-nails noma i-key-activation fixture ingavuselela i-switch node ngayinye, ifunde i-USB noma i-serial output bese iqhathanisa umphumela ne-key map ekhishwe. Kufanele ihlukanise ama-open traces, ama-reversed diode, ama-solder bridges, ama-MCU pin angalungile kanye namaphutha e-firmware mapping. Ukubhanqa isivivinyo se-electric net nesivivinyo se-application-level event kunciphisa ukuxilongwa okungamanga.

1. Qinisekisa amandla, iwashi kanye nohlelo lwe-MCU kuqala.
2. Hlola izimo zokungenzi lutho zomugqa nekholomu.
3. Khuthaza yonke i-matrix intersection.
4. Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinkinobho eziningi ezichaziwe ukuze u-ghosting kanye no-rollover.
5. Qinisekisa izikhundla zokwakheka ongazikhethela kuphela kuhlobo olufanele.
6. Qopha ukwehluleka ngendawo ye-inthanethi kanye nendawo yokhiye obonakalayo.

I-NPI, Izinguquko Zobunjiniyela kanye Namarekhodi Okukhiqiza

Ngesikhathi se-NPI, i-matrix yokuqala ehlanganisiwe kufanele iqinisekiswe ngokwakhiwa kwe-firmware eyodwa elawulwayo kanye nemephu yendawo yokhiye ebonakalayo. Izinguquko zobunjiniyela kumele zibone ukuthi zishintsha yini ithusi, isiqondiso se-diode, amaphini e-MCU, i-bootloader, i-keymap noma isofthiwe ye-fixture; ukubuyekezwa okuncane kwe-PCB kungenza uhlelo lokuhlola lungasebenzi ngisho noma uhlaka lungashintshiwe.

Ikhotheshini yokuqala ingaqala ngokuhlelwa, inani elilinganiselwe kanye nobubanzi bokuphakelwa obudingekayo. Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokukhiqiza, iphakheji elawulwayo ngokuvamile ifaka i-Gerber noma i-ODB++, idatha yokubhoboza, i-BOM, i-centroid, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa, ithebula le-matrix, i-firmware binary, i-keymap kanye nezidingo zokuhlola.

Izincazelo ze-matrix ezizinzile, i-firmware kanye ne-variant zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli, ukuthengwa kwezingxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-fixture. Amanye ama-diode, ama-MCU kanye nezixhumi kumele zihlolwe ukuthi azikho yini iphakheji, i-polarity, ukuziphatha kukagesi kanye nomthelela wokuhlela ngaphambi kokukhishwa.

Ukuhlolwa kanye namarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-Matrix PCB

Uma kuchazwe i-oda, amarekhodi angahlanganisa ukuhlolwa kukagesi kwebhodi elingenalutho, ukuhlolwa kwe-diode polarity, i-AOI, ukubuyekezwa kwe-firmware, imiphumela yokuxilonga umugqa/ikholomu, umphumela wokhiye ngamunye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-rollover okuvunyiwe. Lawa marekhodi kufanele axhunywe ku-PCB efanayo, i-firmware kanye nokubuyekezwa kohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngokuklanywa kwe-PCB ye-Keyboard Matrix

Kungani ama-diode esetshenziswa ku-matrix yekhibhodi?

Zilawula isiqondiso samanje endaweni ngayinye yokushintsha futhi zisiza ekuvimbeleni izindlela zokhiye ezingahlosiwe ngesikhathi sokucindezela okhiye abaningi.

Ingabe ama-diode aqinisekisa ngokuzenzakalelayo i-NKRO?

Cha. Ama-diode asekela ukulwa nokugqwala, kodwa ukugoqa kuncike ekuskeni kwe-firmware, ukuthuthwa kanye nokucushwa kombiko we-HID.

Ingabe i-PCB ye-matrix yekhibhodi ingaba nezingqimba ezimbili?

Yebo. Ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba ezimbili kuvamile, yize i-RGB eyengeziwe, imingcele engenantambo noma yomzila ingase ivumele izingqimba ezengeziwe.

Yini okufanele ihlolwe ekukhiqizweni?

Yonke indawo lapho kuhlangana khona i-matrix, isiqondiso se-diode, imephu yokhiye onengqondo, inhlanganisela yezinkinobho eziningi ezichazwe, ukuphuma kwe-USB/okungenantambo kanye nezikhundla zokuzikhethela ezifanele.