Izicelo eziphezulu eziyi-10 ze-PCB ku-Modern Electronics

Ama-PCB angena kuwo wonke amagumbi omnotho wesimanje, avumela umhlaba wedijithali oxhumene ngokwandisa izisetshenziswa zikagesi namasistimu kuyo yonke imikhakha yabathengi, ezentengiselwano, izimboni, ezokuthutha, ezokuxhumana, ezokuvikela kanye nezokwelapha. Izinqubo ezintsha eziqhubekayo kumasu okwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye, izinto zokusebenza, ukuminyana kokupakisha, isofthiwe yokuklama kanye nezomnotho we-supply chain andisa ama-PCB ezindimeni ezishumekiwe nakakhulu kanye nama-niche verticals.

Lesi siqeshana sihlola izilungiselelo ezimisiwe nezisakhulayo zibona ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-PCB ngenxa yezinzuzo zemvelo zobuchwepheshe kunezinye izindlela. Ukuqonda kulawa mathuba ahlukahlukene okuhlukaniswa kwazisa ukuhlelwa kwamasu, ukumodela kwemakethe okuphelele okutholakalayo kanye nezindawo okugxilwe kuzo ezibalulekile ezifanele ukubamba iqhaza okuqhubekayo noma ukuzibophezela okujulile lapho kuqondiswe ekubandakanyekeni kwe-PCB ekhula kancane, enothile ngesilinganiso.

Izithuthi Zamagesi

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto zimelela inkundla ekhuphukayo ehamba phambili yamasekethe aphrintiwe kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-elekthronikhi ngemva kwekhompyutha, njengoba izimoto ziya ngokuya zamukela amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi ahlinzeka ngokulawula, i-infotainment, ukuzimela, ukufakwa kukagesi, ukuphepha okusebenzayo nemisebenzi yokuxhumana. Amamodeli kanokusho manje ahlanganisa ama-PCB angaphezu kuka-3,000 agijima ibanga elingafika kumayela elixhumanisa amamojula angaphezu kuka-100 weyunithi yokulawula kagesi (ECU) kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ama-microcontrollers. Izilinganiso zesikhathi esizayo zilinganisela ama-electronics emoto ajwayelekile angaphezu kuka-$3,000 imodeli ngayinye.

Abashayeli Ababalulekile:

• Ubuchwepheshe bokugwema ukushayisana njengokubhuleka kwesimo esiphuthumayo okuzenzakalelayo
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokugibela ngokumiswa kwesikhashana
• Ukunethezeka kwekhabethe nokulawula nge-HVAC enezindawo eziningi
• Ukusebenza kwenjini okusebenzayo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle
• Amandla ekhamera yangemuva ezimele
• Ukuzipaka okuzenzakalelayo nezinye izici ze-ADAS
• Ipayipi lokulethwa kwesibuyekezo sesoftware emoyeni

Ukukhula kusalokhu kuqinile ngaphezu kwe-15-20% ye-CAGR yeshumi leminyaka ezayo yama-PCB azenzakalelayo ekutholeni okukhulayo, okuqukethwe kwe-semiconductor enkulu, ukushintsha okulindelwe ngabasebenzisi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe encike komunye nomunye kuzo zonke izingxenye zezimoto.

Izilawuli zezimboni kanye namarobhothi

Imishini yokulawula izinombolo, izilawuli ezinengqondo ezihlelekayo (ama-PLC), i-opharetha yokusebenzelana, amasistimu okubona, amadrayivu ezimoto, izinzwa namarobhothi ezimboni abusa ezishintshayo zithembela kakhulu kumasekethe aphrintiwe ayinkimbinkimbi, aqinile ukuze axhumanise futhi aqaphe izinkulungwane zemisebenzi yemishini ezwela isikhathi ezindaweni eziyinselele zasefekthri. Ukubekezelela amaphutha okungaphumeleli kufakazela impoqo. Ukulawula ukunyakaza kudinga ama-PCB akhethekile akhiqiza imvamisa ephezulu. Ukuxhumana okuningi kokuguqulwa kwedatha phakathi kwe-analog nedijithali kuqhubezela phambili ukwandisa ukubandakanyeka kwebhodi.

Igagasi elikhulayo lokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kokuhlaziywa kwe-Industrial 4.0 lincike kakhulu emandleni e-PCB athuthukayo ngokuqhubekayo ahambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-silicon okuvula ukunemba nokusebenza obekungafinyeleleki ngaphambilini. Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza buhlangana nozakwabo bolwazi.

Izinsiza Zezokwelapha

Amasekhethi aphrintiwe aletha ukusebenza, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kuwo wonke amathuluzi wokuxilonga anjenge-ultrasound, i-X-ray kanye nezikena ze-MRI, izinto zokwelapha ezifana ne-radiation oncology kanye nezinhlelo ze-laser, iziqaphi zesiguli, izinsimbi zokuhlinza, amathuluzi okuxilonga emitholampilo kanye nezinto ezisekela ukuphila kusetshenziswa izinto ezikhethekile nezakhiwo. ukuvikela ukuqhubeka nokusebenza okungenangozi.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zemishini yezokwelapha zibiza ama-PCB abalulekile ngaphakathi:

• I-Diagnostic Imaging - Izithonjana ezinkulu ze-X-ray, izinhlelo zokulawula i-MRI/PET stepper kanye ne-ultrasound transducer arrays aphakamisa kakhulu isignali exubene eyinkimbinkimbi, ukutholwa kwedatha kanye nama-PCB esixhumi esibonakalayo eduze nokuqukatha okuqinile kwe-EMI.
• Amarobhothi Okuhlinzwa - Ukulawulwa kokuzulazula kwe-multilayer, i-instrumentation kanye namabhodi wempendulo we-haptics alawula ukukhohlisa okuqondiswa yinzwa okuzimele okuthuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli nokufinyelela.
• Ukuqapha Isiguli - Imishini yokulandelela izimpawu ezibalulekile njengemishini ye-ECG/EEG, ama-pulse oximeters nezinzwa ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo zincike ekutholweni kwe-biopotential, ukukhulisa kanye nama-PCB okuhlunga ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.

Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuguga kwabantu emhlabeni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokufinyeleleka ezindaweni ezisathuthuka kunomthelela ikakhulukazi ekubikezelweni okuqinile kwe-4-6% ye-CAGR yemboni kule minyaka eyishumi kuwo wonke ama-monitor asendaweni futhi agqokekayo, izinhlelo ezintsha zokuzulazula zokuhlinza kanye nokungena okuphezulu kwe-MRI/CT scanner emitholampilo nasezibhedlela emhlabeni jikelele - wonke asebenzisa kakhulu amabhodi esifunda ayinkimbinkimbi, aphrintiwe abalulekile ekuthwebuleni nasekuhlaziyeni ama-biosignals.

Ingqalasizinda ye-5G kanye Nokuxhumana Okukhaliphile

Izindawo zemvelo ze-IoT ezikhula ngokushesha ezixhumanisa izinto zikagesi, izimoto, ingqalasizinda, amafektri kanye namadolobha zithembele kakhulu emishinini yokuxhumana ye-5G esheshayo nethembekile esebenzisa izinto ze-PCB zesizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nemiklamo ye-RF egcina ukubambezeleka kuphansi ngenkathi ivimbela ukuphazamiseka. Amasango edatha ye-Edge nawo adinga ukulungiswa okufanayo kwe-WIFI ezindaweni ezihlanganisiwe kodwa ezilungisekayo. Ishumi leminyaka elizayo kufanele libone izinzwa namadivayisi alinganiselwa ku-trillion eyodwa eza ku-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke - cishe konke akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwe-PCB okunekhono kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.

Ukusimamisa amandla ethrafikhi angenantambo kuqhubezela phambili ubunzima bokwenziwa kwe-PCB kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kokuhlanganiswa kwe-antenna okulinganisa ubuqotho besignali namavolumu omhlangano njengengqalasizinda eyandulelayo ye-5G subsumes4G efana nedeskithophu yekhompuyutha yasekhaya kanye nokushintshwa kwelaptop ngokomlando. Izindleko zengxenye yenethiwekhi zehla kakhulu nokho.

Izilawuli ze-Avionics nokuzulazula

Indiza yezentengiselwano endizayo ngocingo, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, i-telemetry yenjini, izikhali eziqondiswe kumakhompiyutha, amasistimu okulawula indiza kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi zasemoyeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zibeka isisindo esiqinile, ukuqina kokuphazamiseka kanye nokucaciswa kokuthembeka kwemvelo kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe abhekele ukuphepha kwabagibeli kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemishini. Amasistimu angadingekile anomqondo wokuvota ahlinzeka ngokuhluleka-ukuphepha ukubekezelela amaphutha. Izindinganiso zamadokhumenti e-DO-254 zenza ukuqinisekiswa kwedizayini ye-avionics eqinile kubalulekile uma kubhekwa ubunzima bokusevisa phakathi komoya.

I-Boeing iphrojekthi yesidingo samajethi ebhizinisi angu-48,000 kanye nezindiza zezentengiselwano ezingu-43,000 ngo-2041 ukuze kwaneliswe ukukhula okukhulayo okungu-8% komkhakha wezindiza ohlanganisa ukukhula konyaka okusekela intuthuko ye-PCB - ngaphezu kwesigamu kuya kubathengi base-Asia Pacific abachithe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-250 ezindizeni eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ukuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kwesikhumulo sezindiza nezindiza nakho kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCB.

Izinhlelo Zokuvikela

Izingxenyekazi ze-Ballistic, ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana ebethelwe, imithwalo yokucubungula izithombe, abaklami bethagethi ye-laser, amapulatifomu e-Intelligence/Surveillance/Reconnaissance (ISR) kanye nezinye izilungiselelo eziningi zebanga lezempi ezingaphansi kwe-PCB ezindaweni zokuthumela eziyinselele ezihlanganisa ukushaqeka/ukudlidliza, ukweqisa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe okufuna okukhethekile. ukwahlukanisa, ukuvala uphawu, okokuhlanganisa kanye nezikimu zesakhiwo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile emashumini eminyaka amaningi okuhlala esitokwe ngaphambi kokuthi kusebenze. Ukwehluleka kubeka engcupheni izimpilo noma imiphumela yezombangazwe.

Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwezinkundla zokuzivikela ezigugayo, ukuphendukela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezimpi ze-elekthronikhi ezilinganayo kugcizelela amathuba amakhulu esimanje kanye nokukhula okuqinile okuqinile kwamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe wezokuvikela naphezu kokukhula kwezivunguvungu zezomnotho emhlabeni wonke ezincipha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi kokuzikhethela. Izingozi ze-geopolitical nazo ziphakamisa isidingo.

Izinhlelo Zamandla

Ukugcina amagridi kagesi azinzile, aqinile kuncike kakhulu ezinhlelweni zikagesi zikagesi ezilawulwa ngobuhlakani - njengama-inverter omoya/elanga, okokugcina amabhethri, iziguquli zesiteshi esingaphansi, amamitha ahlakaniphile, izinxephezelo ze-VAR ezinamandla kanye namadivayisi okudlulisa amandla e-AC phakathi kwezinye eziningi - ukuqapha ngokunembile kanye nokulungisa ngokushesha isizukulwane esincike kwelinye. -layisha amapharamitha ngokuhlela amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe amaningi. Amaphutha e-PCB angaphambi kwesikhathi asengozini yokucisha ugesi. I-onboard Metrology engeziwe nokuhlaziya manje kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwempahla.

Izindlela zokushintsha kwamandla ezihlukahlukayo ezizweni zonke kanye nokuphambana kwezinto zikagesi zokulawula igridi nokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka kufanele kugcine umfutho oqinile wamasekethe aphrintiwe ezinga losizo anikezwe indawo emaphakathi yokufakwa kukagesi. Okuvuselelekayo okunwetshiwe kanye nama-EV engeza ubunkimbinkimbi obudinga ama-PCB asabelayo emaphethelweni enethiwekhi.

Ingqalasizinda Yezokuxhumana

I-optical, ithusi, i-microwave kanye ne-millimeter wave backbone edlulisa idatha ye-broadband evumelanayo, ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yevidiyo neyezwi incike kakhulu kumarutha axhumene kakhulu, amaswishi, iziteshi eziyisisekelo, iziphindaphinda, amasango kanye nokucutshungulwa kwehardware okuhlobene okuhlobene - konke kubuswa isekethe ephrintiwe ye-telecom. amabhodi ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokungaphindeki umsebenzi futhi aqukethe iziyalezo ezibanzi zomhlangano wokuvikela i-RF wokuhambelana nozibuthe wamabhokisi ezingxenye ezibucayi nama-antenna array ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka uma ukusondela. Ukukhipha ukushisa nakho kubekela inselele amadizayini.

Ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kwanda emazweni athuthukile, ukwamukelwa kwenqwaba yama-smartphone kanye nokusetshenziswa kokusakaza kwemidiya okusheshisa ukukhishwa kwe-5G kufanele kuqhubeke nokushayela izinto ezintsha ze-PCB zesikhathi eside ezisekela ukuqina kwe-teledensity, ukubambezeleka okwehliswayo kanye nedatha ye-fiber esheshayo eletha amaqiniso agxilile anwetshiwe emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Mass Transit kanye nezimoto zikagesi

Ama-PCB atholakalayo yonke indawo aqapha futhi alawule ukunyakaza, ukubhuleka, ukumiswa, ukukhanyisa, i-infotainment, ukushisisa nokushaja amasistimu angaphansi kokubili ama-EV asebhodini kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja ehambisanayo kanye nenqwaba yezithuthi zomphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle, okuthembekile nokuphephile ngenkathi ilandelela ukusetshenziswa, umzila wezimoto, ukucubungula. izinkokhelo kanye nokugcina abagibeli bexhumekile phakathi nohambo. I-Ruggedness ifakazela isibopho uma kunikezwe ubunzima bokusetshenziswa kweselula.

Kokubili izimoto zikaloliwe nezikagesi zilindele ukukhuphuka okuphakeme komhlaba wonke njengoba ukuminyana kwabantu emadolobheni kukhula futhi amazwe aqhubeka nokugqugquzela izinguquko ezisuka ekunyakazeni kwezinsalela. Ukushaja okusekelayo nomgogodla kagesi ngokufanayo kufanele kwamukele ama-PCB okuphatha amandla esizukulwane esilandelayo esikalini. Imizila yangaphandle idinga ukuqina.

Consumer Electronics

Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili emangalisayo yezobuchwepheshe, isidingo esingenakunyakaziswa sabathengi sokuphendula ngokwengeziwe, amagajethi ahlakaniphile acebile futhi ahlangene kodwa angabizi kakhulu kanye nezinto zikagesi zasendlini ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCB okulinganiselayo, ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kanye nokulayishwa kwe-analog/digital kuma-IC azinikele okuvumela idizayini yezimboni enemininingwane eyengeziwe. kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zeselula ikakhulukazi. Kodwa-ke ijubane elinqamulelayo livimbela ubungozi bokusebenza ngokweqile noma amaketango okuhlinzeka ahlanganisiwe aqonde phezulu abizayo.

Amazwe asathuthuka adlula amaphuzu okwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bomlando asheshisa ukwanda kwesigaba esisha kuyilapho izimakethe zezimboni ziqondise izidingo ezithile zezibalo zabantu mayelana nezempilo, ukukhiqiza, ukuzijabulisa, ukunethezeka kanye nokusimama okuthuthukiswa ama-PCB asezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa okucolisisiwe. Ubuningi obufanayo buzinzisa amamajini.

Isiphetho

Le nhlolovo kuzo zonke izilungiselelo ezimisiwe nezisakhulayo ezibona ukwemukelwa kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe lamanje ibonise ukwehlukahlukana kwezindima ezibalulekile ezidlalwa ubuchwepheshe be-PCB ukuphakamisa cishe yonke ingqalasizinda yesimanje, imboni nolwazi lwabathengi oluhlanganisa umnotho wedijithali ngokuvumela amasistimu kagesi asezingeni eliphezulu. Cishe akukho divayisi eyinkimbinkimbi esebenza ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwama-PCB asiza ukuxhumana.

Imibono emisha eqhubekayo ezungeze ukuhamba okuhlakaniphile, ikhompuyutha etholakala yonke indawo, ukuxhumeka okuqinile kwe-broadband namandla asimeme kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okungapheli kwe-PCB okunikeza izisekelo eziphakamisa amasekethe ahlanganisiwe nezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zibe yizixazululo zokusebenza ezihlangabezana nezinselele zempucuko kusetshenziswa amakhono akhula ngokwezomnotho. Ukuqonda izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-landscape kanye namandla kusiza ukuhlela kwamasu.