Ukuvikela i-RF kwama-PCB: Izindlela, Izinto, kanye Nokumisa

Ukuvikela i-RF ukusetshenziswa kwesithiyo esiqhubayo, ikani lesihlangu, isembozo esinamathelisiwe, noma udonga lwe-vias ezisekelwe phansi, ukuze kugcinwe amandla kagesi esekethe noma kuvinjwe amasimu angaphandle. Kusebenza ngokwakha indawo ebiyelwe ye-Faraday egxilile ebonakalisa futhi imunce i-RF, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuncike kakhulu ekutheni isekelwe kahle kangakanani nokuthi imingxunya yayo mincane kangakanani. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi ukuvikela kusebenza kanjani, izindlela eziyinhloko (amathini asezingeni lebhodi, ukuvikela okuhlanganisiwe, kanye namasu asebhodini), indlela yokusekela isihlangu kahle, kanye nendlela yokukhetha izinto zokwakha.

Kuyini Ukuvikela i-RF?

Ukuvikela i-RF kubeka isithiyo esiqhuba ugesi phakathi komthombo wamandla kagesi nakho konke okunye. Kufeza izinjongo ezimbili ezihambisanayo.

• Ukuqukethwe. Ivimbela ukukhishwa kwegesi kwesekethe enomsindo, njengesithumeli somsakazo noma iwashi elisheshayo, ekuphumeni nasekuphazamiseni ezinye izingxenye.
• Ukuvikelwa. Ivimbela amasimu angaphandle ukuthi angafinyeleli isekethe ebucayi, njengesamukeli somsindo ophansi noma i-analog enembile.

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, isihlangu siyithuluzi elilodwa ngaphakathi komgomo obanzi wokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic. Sigcwalisa ukwakheka okuhle kunokusishintsha, futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuzungeze izingxenye ze-RF noma zomsakazo zebhodi eyakhelwe umsebenzi wejubane eliphezulu kanye ne-RF.

Indlela i-RF Shielding Esebenza Ngayo

Isihlangu sisebenza ngokwakha indawo ebiyelwe iFaraday: indawo eqhubekayo eqhuba umoya ekhombisa futhi imunce amandla kagesi angasebenzi.

Ukuzindla, ukumuncwa, kanye nokujula kwesikhumba

Uma igagasi likagesi lishaya umqhubi, ingxenye yalo iyakhanya futhi ingxenye iyamuncwa njengoba lingena. Emazameni omsakazo, ugesi ugeleza kuphela kusendlalelo esincane kakhulu (umphumela wesikhumba), ngakho-ke ngisho nensimbi encane ivimba amasimu ngempumelelo, uma nje ubuso buqhubeka futhi buqhuba. Isilinganiso sokuthi isihlangu sinciphisa kangakanani insimu ukusebenza kwaso kokuvikela, okuvame ukuvezwa ngama-decibel.

Kungani ukuqhubeka kubaluleke kakhulu

Ngenxa yokuthi amandla akumelwe athole indlela yokudlula, ukuqhubeka kuyikho konke. Ibhokisi eliqhuba kahle lingaba isihlangu esifanelekile, kodwa izihlangu zangempela zinezimbobo, ukuvuleka, kanye nokuxhumeka komhlabathi, futhi yilapho ukusebenza kunqotshwa khona noma kulahleke khona. Okunye kwalesi siqondisi kumayelana nokugcina ukuqhubeka kanye nokuqina, izinto ezimbili ezenza isihlangu sangempela sisondele esimweni esihle.

Amathini Ezivikelo Ze-PCB (Ukuvikela Okusezingeni Lebhodi)

Isivikelo se-PCB esivame kakhulu yithini elincane lensimbi elihlanganiswe phezu kwengxenye yebhodi.

Ama-solder ethini aya endandatho yomhlabathi, indandatho yama-pad eboshelwe endaweni yomhlabathi ezungeze isekethe evikelwe, yakha ibhokisi elisekelwe phezu kwayo. Umklamo onezicucu ezimbili uyathandwa ngoba isivalo singasuswa ukuze siphinde silungiswe noma silungiswe ngenkathi uhlaka luhlala luhlanganisiwe. Unyawo lwendandatho yomhlabathi kanye nokufakwa kwethini kuyangezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa futhi kufakwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB , ngakho-ke ithini kumele lihlelwe ekwakhiweni, lingaboshwa kamuva.

Ukuvikela Okuhlelekile Kwamamojula

Enye indlela esikhundleni sethini ungqimba oluncane olusebenzisa ugesi olusetshenziswa ngqo kumojuli epakishiwe.

Ukuvikela okuhlanganisiwe kuyingubo eqhubayo, evame ukukhafulwa noma ukufuthwa, efakwa phezu kwephakheji noma imodyuli ebunjiwe futhi ixhunywe emhlabathini wayo wangaphakathi. Ibamba ukwakheka kwephakheji, yengeza ukuphakama okuncane, futhi ivame kakhulu kumamojula amancane kanye namadivayisi angaphakathi kwephakheji lapho ithini lensimbi lingaba likhulu kakhulu.

Impikiswano ukuthi ukuvikela okuqondile kuyinqubo esezingeni lokupakisha esetshenziswa engxenyeni, kunokuba kube yinto eyengeziwe ebhodini. Ukuze uvikele isigaba sesakhiwo sakho, ithini noma amasu angaphakathi kuyizinketho ezisebenzayo; ukuvikela okuqondile kuvame ukuba yisici sezingxenye ozithengayo.

Ukuvikela i-RF Ebhodini (Ngezicingo kanye Nezindlela Zokuqapha)

Isivikelo esiningi sakhiwe ethusi uqobo, ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe noma yiliphi ithini.

• Ngocingo (ukuthunga). Umugqa osondelene kakhulu wama-vias asekelwe phansi wakha udonga oluqukethe amasimu, asetshenziswa nxazonke ze-RF traces kanye nasemaphethelweni ebhodi.
• Ukuthulula phansi. Ukugcwalisa indawo engasetshenziswanga ngethusi eligayiwe, eliboshwe endizeni ngama-via, kunikeza indawo yesivikelo sendawo.
• Imigqa yokuqapha. Imikhondo ebekwe eceleni komugqa obucayi iyasiza ekuhlukaniseni omakhelwane.

Ucingo olusebenzisa i-via lunamandla kakhulu: umugqa we-picket-fence wama-via asekelwe phansi azungeze umkhondo we-RF wakha ngempumelelo isiteshi esivikelwe ngaphakathi kwebhodi. Ukuhlukanisa ama-via eduze nobude be-wavelength kugcina udonga luqhubeka namasimu. Lawa masu ahambisana ngokwemvelo ne-impedance elawulwayo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziselwa amabhodi anokulahlekelwa okuncane kanye nemiklamo yemvamisa ephezulu.

Izindlela Zokuvikela ze-RF Ziqhathaniswa

Imindeni emithathu yokuvikela ifanelana nezidingo ezahlukene, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi iyayihlanganisa.

Amasu okugibela awabizi lutho futhi kufanele abe umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela; ikani lesihlangu lengeza indawo eqinile, yendawo yaseFaraday lapho lokho kunganele khona; futhi ukugqoka okufana nomshini kuyisici samamojula avikelwe kusengaphambili. Iphethini evamile ukusebenzisa ngocingo kanye nokuthululwa komhlabathi njengesisekelo, bese ufaka ikani elinezingcezu ezimbili ngaphezulu kwengxenye engaphambili ye-RF ukuze isakwazi ukulungiswa. Ukunquma lokhu kusenesikhathi kugcina izinyathelo zonyawo kanye nokuhlanganiswa ziqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, futhi ukubuyekezwa kokuhlelwa kwe-RF okuvame kakhulu kuqinisekisa indlela.

Indlela Yokumisa Isivikelo Se-RF

Lesi yisinyathelo esivame ukunquma ukuthi ukuvikela kuyasebenza yini.

Isihlangu kumele sixhunywe emhlabathini webhodi ngendlela ephansi yokuvimba ugesi, futhi, ngokufanelekile, izindawo eziningi zokuxhuma ezizungeze umngcele walo. Ithini elihlanganiswe nendandatho yomhlaba eqhubekayo lifeza lokhu; uthango olungena ngocingo oluya endaweni yomhlabathi ngobude balo bonke. Isizathu ukuthi isihlangu sithwala imisinga ebangelwa amasimu esiwavimbayo, futhi leyo misinga kumele ibuyele kalula emhlabathini.

Isivikelo esintantayo, noma esisekelwe endaweni eyodwa kuphela, asisebenzi nje kuphela, singaba sibi kakhulu kunokuba singabi naso, ngoba singasebenza futhi siphinde sikhanye. Umthetho osebenzayo ulula: cindezela isivikelo kahle bese usigaya njalo. Ukuthola indandatho yomhlabathi, ngokuthunga, kanye nokuxhumeka okuqondile kuyingxenye yokuklama ibhodi lokwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza i-PCB.

Izimbobo Zokuvikela, Imithungo, Nokuvuza

Ngisho nesivikelo esisekelwe kahle siyavuza ngezikhala zaso, ngakho-ke ukuphatha izikhala kubalulekile.

• Gcina izikhala zincane. Ukuvuza kuncike ebukhulu obukhulu bomgodi uma kuqhathaniswa nobude be-wavelength; izimbobo eziningi ezincane zivuza ngaphansi kakhulu kuneyodwa enkulu.
• Qaphela imithungo. Izikhala ezisesivalweni noma emthungweni zisebenza njengezikhala futhi zingakhipha ukukhanya; ama-gasket okuxhumana eduze noma adonsa umoya ayasiza.
• Bukela ama-antenna e-slot. Igebe elide nelincane lingasebenza njenge-antenna esebenza kahle kumaza athile, ngakho gwema izikhala ezinde ezingaphazanyiswa.

Yingakho isihlangu esinezimbobo zomoya ezihlanzekile singadlula esinye ngesinqumo esisodwa esikhulu, futhi kungani ukuthintana kwesivalo kanye nomklamo womthungo kubalulekile. Imbobo, hhayi insimbi, ngokuvamile iyindawo ebuthaka, ngakho-ke izimbobo zidinga ukunakwa okukhulu njengomzimba wesihlangu uqobo.

Izinto Zokuvikela ze-RF

Izingxenyekazi ze-shield zikhethwa ngenxa yokuqhuba, ukushintshwa kwe-solder, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezindleko.

Kwamathini amaningi asezingeni lebhodi, ingxubevange eshibilikayo njengensimbi ye-nickel-silver noma i-tin-plated iyona ezenzakalelayo, kuyilapho izinto ezithambile zisetshenziselwa iziqeshana nama-gasket agcina ukuxhumana. Ukukhetha akuvamile ukushintsha kakhulu i-physics yokuvikela; ukuguquguquka kanye nokuqhubeka kubaluleke kakhulu kunengxubevange ethile, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kanye nezindleko kuvame ukunquma. Lokhu kukhetha kuhambisana nokuhlela okufanayo kwangaphambili njengokubuyekezwa komklamo.

Ukuvikela i-RF kuqukethe noma kuvimbela amandla kagesi ngesithiyo sokuhambisa esisekelwe phansi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isihlangu singakwazi, isembozo esihlanganisiwe, noma ucingo olungena ngethusi. Lugaye kahle futhi ugcine izikhala zalo zincane, futhi lusondela endaweni efanele yokuvala i-Faraday. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Highleap Electronics kanye namakhono ethu e-RF kanye ne-high-frequency.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kuyini ukuvikela i-RF futhi kwenzani?

Ukuvikela i-RF kuyisivikelo esiqinile esiqukethe ukukhishwa kwe-electromagnetic kwesekethe noma esivimba amasimu angaphandle ukuthi angafiki kuso. Kwakha indawo ebiyelwe i-Faraday ekhombisa futhi imunce amandla e-RF. Isetshenziswa eduze kwemithombo enomsindo njenge-transmitters namawashi asheshayo, kanye naseduze kwezifunda ezibucayi njengezamukeli kanye ne-analog enembile.

Iyini ithini lesihlangu elisezingeni lebhodi?

Kuyi-solder encane yensimbi eboshwe phezu kwengxenye yebhodi, endandatho yomhlabathi eboshwe endaweni yomhlabathi. Kungaba yi-piece eyodwa (elula, engasuswa) noma ibe yi-piece ezimbili, enohlaka oluhlanganisiwe kanye nesembozo esinamathiselwe esivumela ukuphinde kusebenze futhi kulungiswe. Unyawo kumele luhlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile.

Isivikelo se-via fence siwuthinta kanjani umkhondo?

Ucingo oluhamba nge-via luwumugqa osondelene kakhulu wama-via asekelwe phansi owakha udonga oluhambisa umoya, okwakha ngempumelelo isiteshi esivikelwe esizungeze umkhondo we-RF noma onqenqemeni lwebhodi. Ukuhlukanisa ama-via eduze nobude be-wavelength kugcina udonga luqhubeka emasimini, luqukethe amandla futhi lunciphisa ukuhlangana nomakhelwane.

Kungani isihlangu kufanele sibekwe phansi?

Isihlangu sithwala imisinga ebangelwa amasimu esiwavimbayo, futhi leyo misinga idinga ukubuyiselwa emhlabathini ngokuphazamiseka okuncane. Isihlangu esisekelwe kahle, esixhunywe ezindaweni eziningi, siyawakhipha amanzi ngaphandle kokulimala. Isihlangu esintantayo noma esisekelwe endaweni eyodwa singakhipha umsindo futhi siphinde sikhanye, okwenza singasebenzi noma sibe sibi kakhulu kunokungabi nesihlangu nhlobo.

Ingabe izimbobo ezincane esivikelweni zibangela ukuvuza?

Ukuvuza kuncike ngobukhulu bomgodi uma kuqhathaniswa nobude be-wavelength, ngakho-ke izimbobo eziningi ezincane zivuza ngaphansi kakhulu kwesiqeshana esisodwa esikhulu, futhi izikhala ezinde ezincane zingasebenza njenge-antenna. Gcina izimbobo zincane, gwema izikhala ezinde ezingaphazanyiswa, futhi sebenzisa ukuxhumana okuhle kwesivalo noma ama-gasket aqhubayo emithungweni.

Kuyini ukuvikela okuguquguqukayo futhi kuhluke kanjani ethini?

Ukuvikela okuhlanganisiwe kuyindwangu encane edonsa umoya efakwe noma efafazwa phezu kwephakheji noma imodyuli ebunjiwe bese iboshelwa emhlabathini wayo wangaphakathi. Yengeza ukuphakama okuncane futhi ifanela amamojula amancane. Ngokungafani nethini, kuyinqubo yokupakisha esetshenziswa engxenyeni, ngakho-ke ukuvikela ingxenye yebhodi lakho, ithini noma uthango kuyizinketho ezisebenzayo.

Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivikelweni ze-RF?

Ama-alloy athengiswayo njenge-nickel-silver kanye nensimbi efakwe ithini avamile ezindizeni zamathini, insimbi engagqwali lapho ukuqina kubalulekile khona, kanye ne-beryllium-copper yama-springy clips kanye neminwe ye-gasket. Ukuqhuba kanye nokuqhubeka kubaluleke kakhulu kune-alloy ethile, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kanye nezindleko kuvame ukuqhuba ukukhetha.

Ingabe ngihlala ngidinga ithini lesihlangu, noma ingabe amasu angaphakathi anganele?

Ngokuvamile amasu asebhodini, ngokusebenzisa uthango, ukuthulula phansi, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela, anele ukuvimba noma ukuhlukanisa i-RF, futhi awabizi lutho. Isivikelo singanezela indawo eqinile yendawo lapho ukwakheka kuphela kunganele, njengokwamukela okuzwelayo noma i-transmitter enomsindo. Imiklamo eminingi ihlanganisa kokubili, isebenzisa ithusi njengesisekelo kanye nethini lapho kudingeka khona.

Ingabe ukuvikela kwe-RF kungalungisa ibhodi elihlelwe kabi?

Akuthembekile. Ukuvikela kuqukethe amandla ahluleka ukuphathwa ukwakheka okuhle, kodwa akukwazi ukuhlehlisa iluphu enkulu yamanje, indiza yokubhekisela ehlukanisiwe, noma ukuqaliswa kwesixhumi esibi. Imiphumela engabizi kakhulu ivela kusakhiwo somsindo kuqala, inhlabathi eqinile, amaluphu amancane, impedance elawulwayo, kanye nokuvikela okungeziwe ukuze kusingathwe okusele.

Isihlangu singafakwa futhi sisuswe kanjani ukuze siphinde sisebenze?

Ithini elilodwa lihlanganiswa nendandatho yomhlabathi futhi alihloselwe ukuphuma. Ithini elinama-two piece linohlaka oluhlanganisiwe kanye nesembozo esihlukile sokunamathisela; isembozo siyaphakama ukuze sihlolwe noma silungiswe ngenkathi uhlaka luhlala endaweni yalo. Ukukhetha umklamo one-two piece kusengaphambili kuyindlela ewusizo yokugcina ukufinyelela kabusha ezindaweni ezivikelwe.