Umhlangano we-PCB Wezinzwa Zerobhothi Wamabhodi Alungele Umsindo Ophansi Nokulungiswa

Ama-PCB e-sensor robot sensor aguqula iqiniso elingokoqobo libe idatha kagesi irobhothi elingayethemba. Afunda ama-IMU, ama-encoder, ama-force kanye nama-torque sensor, ama-current sensor, ama-position sensor, ama-temperature sensor, kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa aqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, bese elungisa, enza kube yidijithali, alinganise, futhi adlulisele lezo zilinganiso ohlelweni lokulawula. Ngenxa yokuthi ulwazi lwe-sensor luqhuba ukunyakaza, ukuphepha, ukuzulazula, kanye nokuxilonga, amaphutha amancane kulawa mabhodi angaba ukwehluleka okubonakalayo kwezinga lerobhothi.

Lo mhlahlandlela ugxile kuma-PCB ezinzwa njengesigaba somkhakha, hhayi nje njengesevisi yokukhiqiza. Uchaza ukuthi iziphetho zangaphambili zezinzwa zihluke kanjani kumabhodi ajwayelekile edijithali, ukuthi yiziphi izinketho zokulungisa isignali ezibalulekile, ukuthi kungani ukulinganisa kanye nokulandelela kufanele kube yikho ekukhiqizeni, nokuthi onjiniyela kufanele bahlole ini ngaphambi kokukhipha amafayela e-PCB ezinzwa ukuze kwenziwe futhi kuhlanganiswe.

Lokho Okwenziwa Yi-Robot Sensor PCB Ngempela

Indima Ohlelweni Lwerobhothi

Ama-PCB enzwa yerobhothi alungisa futhi aguqule izimpawu ze-analog ezivela ku-sensor complement yerobhothi - ama-IMU, ama-encoder, ama-force sensor, ama-current sensor, ama-position sensor, kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa okukhethekile. Ama-sensor front-end anezidingo ezithile zobunjiniyela eziphathelene nomsindo, isixazululo, ububanzi obuguqukayo, kanye nokulinganiswa. Yini eyenza amabhodi enzwa yerobhothi ahluke:

• I-analog yomsindo ophansi: izimpawu zenzwa ngokuvamile zisukela kububanzi be-microvolt kuya ku-millivolt. Ukukhulisa, ukuhlunga, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-ADC konke kulinganiswa ngesabelomali somsindo.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kweziteshi eziningi: Ibhodi lenzwa elilodwa livame ukufunda iziteshi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kweziteshi eziwela kanye nokulinganiswa kweziteshi ngakunye okulinganayo kubalulekile.
• Ukulungiswa kwenzwa ethile: ama-strain gauge adinga ukulungiswa kwebhuloho; ama-thermocouple adinga isinxephezelo se-cold junction; ama-encoder adinga ama-line receiver. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzwa lune-front-end yalo.
• Ukuqina kwemvelo: Izinzwa zivame ukusebenza ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lapho lonke irobhothi ligwema khona. Izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza komshini, kanye nokuvikela konke okulingana nendawo yesenzwa.
• Ukulinganisa: Idatha yokulinganisa ngeyunithi ngayinye ivame ukuqoshwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ilungisa ukushintshashintsha kwenzwa futhi igcina ukunemba kuwo wonke amayunithi.

Izingozi Zokuklama Okufanele Zilawulwe

Ukuthembeka kwebhodi lezinzwa kuthinta ikhwalithi yokucubungula isignali engezansi kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo yerobhothi. Ibhodi lezinzwa elinokunyakaza likhiqiza izilinganiso ezishintsha kancane kancane, okungenzeka zingatholakali; ibhodi lezinzwa elinomsindo oqhubekayo likhiqiza izilinganiso ezilungile ngokwesilinganiso kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezingalungile. Zombili izindlela zokwehluleka zinciphisa ukusebenza kwerobhothi ngezindlela okunzima ukuzikhokhela emazingeni aphezulu e-software stack.

Ukubekwa kwenzwa esakhiweni semishini yerobhothi kuvame ukuvimbela izidingo zomzimba zebhodi lenzwa njengoba kunjalo nezidingo zikagesi zenzwa. Inzwa ejulile engalweni yerobhothi idinga ibhodi lenzwa elincane; inzwa evezwe endaweni ezungezile idinga ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. Izinhlelo ezivumelanisa ukwakheka kwebhodi lenzwa nendawo yemishini zikhiqiza izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe; izinhlelo eziphatha ukwakheka kwebhodi lenzwa ngokwehlukana ngezinye izikhathi zithola imikhawulo yemishini ekuhlanganisweni.

Ezingeni lesistimu, ibhodi kufanele lichazwe ngomsebenzi, indawo, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nokuhlolwa kunokuba kube yi-schematic kuphela. Lokhu kuvimbela iphutha elivamile lokwakha i-PCB elungile ngobuchwepheshe okunzima ukuyilungisa, okunzima ukuyilungisa, noma engaqinile ngokwanele uma isifakiwe ku-robot.

Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Nezidingo Zazo Zangaphambili

Izindlela Zokukhetha Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Nezidingo Zazo Zangaphambili

Uhlobo lwenzwa luqhuba umklamo wangaphambili. Izigaba eziyinhloko zenzwa kanye nezidingo zazo zokulungisa yilezi:

• IMU: I-6-DoF noma i-9-DoF yedijithali ene-ADC ehlanganisiwe. Isixhumi esibonakalayo ngokuvamile i-SPI noma i-I²C. Ukubekwa kanye nokufakwa kwemishini kuthinta ikhwalithi yokulinganisa.
• Isifaki khodi: umamukeli womugqa wezimpawu zokuhlukanisa; onesiphelo esisodwa sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabizi kakhulu. Ama-elekthronikhi okuhunyushwa kwama-encoder e-analog anesinqumo esiphezulu.
• Amandla kanye ne-torque: ukulungiswa kwebhuloho kwezinzwa zokulinganisa ukujiya. I-amplifier yezinsimbi kanye ne-ADC enokulinganiswa kweyunithi ngayinye.
• Ukuzwa kwamanje: i-shunt ene-amplifier yezinsimbi noma inzwa ye-Hall-effect ene-isolation. I-bandwidth kanye nokunemba ngokusetshenziswa ngakunye.
• Ukuzwa isikhundla: i-potentiometer eqondile noma ejikelezayo, inzwa ye-magnetic angle, noma i-LVDT. Ngayinye idinga ukulungiswa okuthile.
• Ukuzwa kwezinga lokushisa: I-thermocouple ene-cold junction, i-RTD ene-excitation, noma inzwa yokushisa yedijithali. Ukukhetha kuhambisana nokunemba kanye nezidingo zobubanzi.

Indlela Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Nezidingo Zazo Zangaphambili Ezithinta Ngayo Izindleko Nokuthembeka

Ukukhethwa kwezinzwa kuncike ekutheni isofthiwe yerobhothi ingayisebenzisa yini ngempela. I-encoder enesinqumo esiphezulu edlula ikhono le-loop yokulawula ukuyicubungula ichitha ikhono; i-IMU enomsindo ophansi ngokunemba okukhulu kunesilinganiso sezwe ingasebenzisa izindleko zokuchitha ngendlela efanayo. Ukufanisa ikhono lezinzwa nekhono lesofthiwe kukhiqiza imiklamo ephumelelayo; izinzwa ezicacisa ngokweqile zikhokhela ikhono elingasetshenziswanga.

Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa buyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ama-IMU amasha e-MEMS anikeza ukusebenza komsindo okuthuthukisiwe ngezindleko ezifanayo; ama-encoder amasha kamagnetic anikeza ukulungiswa okuphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi kunezandulelayo ze-optical. Izinhlelo ezibuyekeza ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ngezikhathi ezithile zikhomba ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko noma ukusebenza okutholakalayo kumiklamo emisha; izinhlelo ezisebenzisa kabusha ukukhethwa kwezinzwa ezindala kuzo zonke izizukulwane zemikhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi zisala ngemuva kobuchwepheshe bamanje.

Umthetho osebenzayo ukukhetha ukwakhiwa okulula kakhulu okusahlangabezana nesignali, ukuphepha, ukushisa, kanye nesidingo semishini. Ukucaciswa ngokweqile kukhulisa izindleko, kuyilapho ukucaciswa okungaphelele kudala ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma sokufakwa ensimini.

Ngaphambi kokuba i-front end ye-analog iqandiswe, i-Highleap iqhathanisa ibhodi lokuzwa nomklamo wesixhumi se-fieldbus kanye nomklamo obanzi we-robot electronics ngakho izindlela zokubeka phansi, zokuvikela, kanye nezokubuya azibuyekezwa zodwa.

Ukulungiswa Kwesignali: Ukukhulisa, Ukuhlunga, Ukuhlukaniswa

Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Zokulungisa Isignali

Isiyalo sokulungisa isignali yisona esihlukanisa amabhodi ezinzwa aklanywe kahle kwalawo asemaphethelweni. Amasu ayinhloko yile:

• Ama-amplifier ezinsimbi: I-input impedance ephezulu kanye ne-CMRR yezimpawu zokuhlukanisa. Izinga elijwayelekile lokuzwa kwebhuloho kanye ne-shunt.
• Ukuhlunga okulwa negama elibi: ngaphambi kwe-ADC ukwenqaba izimpawu ezingaphezu kwe-Nyquist. Imvamisa yokuvala ekhethiwe yohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.
• Ukuqina kwereferensi: Ukuzinza kwe-voltage yereferensi ye-ADC kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ireferensi yesimo sezulu esiphansi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu.
• Ukuthunyelwa: izintambo ezivikelwe kanye nezimpawu ezivikelwe lapho ukuqoqwa komsindo kuzokwehlisa izinga lokulinganisa.
• Kuyasha: umhlabathi ohlanzekile we-analog ohlukaniswe nomhlabathi wedijithali kanye nomhlabathi wamandla. Izinkanyezi noma i-split-ground topology ukuvimbela ukuhlangana komsindo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa: Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zidinga ukuhlukaniswa kwe-galvanic kusuka emandleni erobhothi. Ukuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo, okune-magnetic, noma okune-capacitive kuye ngesidingo esithile.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokukhiqiza Nokwethenjelwa

Ukuhlukaniswa emabhodini ezinzwa kungavimbela izigaba eziphelele zezinkinga zomsindo ukuhlunga okungenakuzixazulula ngokuphelele. I-sensor front-end ehlukaniswe nge-galvanic kusuka ku-robot digital power ingayilahla umsindo obungadlula ezindleleni zemodi evamile. Ukuhlukaniswa kubiza kakhulu ngesiteshi ngasinye kodwa kuvame ukukhokhela ngokuhlunga okulula kanye nekhwalithi yokulinganisa ethuthukisiwe.

Ukwakheka komhlabathi emabhodini ezinzwa kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngale kweziqondiso zokwakheka okujwayelekile. Inhlabathi ye-analog, umhlabathi wedijithali, umhlabathi we-chassis, kanye nomhlabathi wesivikelo konke kufeza izinjongo ezahlukene futhi isu lazo lokuxhumana lithinta ikhwalithi yokulinganisa ngqo. Izinhlelo eziklama umhlabathithi ngamabomu esigabeni sesikimu kanye nesigaba sokwakheka zikhiqiza izilinganiso ezihlanzekile; izinhlelo ezithembele ekuqondisweni okujwayelekile zivame ukubona umsindo ovela kumaza omhlabathi.

Ukukhethwa kwe-ADC: i-Sigma-Delta, i-SAR, i-Pipeline, i-Integrated

Izindlela Zokukhetha Zokukhetha i-ADC

Ukukhetha i-ADC kusetha isinqumo kanye nesivinini sochungechunge lokulinganisa inzwa. Izigaba eziyinhloko ze-ADC yilezi:

• I-Sigma-delta: isinqumo esiphezulu (ama-bit angu-16-24) ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi sokuthatha amasampula. Izinga elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa kwenzwa yokunemba.
• I-SAR: ukulungiswa okumaphakathi (ama-bit angu-12-16) ngesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusampula. Okujwayelekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa ezijwayelekile.
• Ipayipi: izinga eliphezulu lokusampula ngesisombululo esimaphakathi. Kusetshenziswa lapho i-bandwidth ephezulu ibalulekile.
• Ukuhlanganisa: ukunemba okuphezulu kwezimpawu ezishintsha kancane. Kuvamile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-metrology.
• Ihlanganisiwe: I-ADC ku-chip efanayo nesenzwa (ejwayelekile kwi-IMU, ezinye izinzwa zamanje). Kwenza kube lula ukuklama kanye nokuxhumanisa izintambo.

Indlela Ukukhethwa kwe-ADC Okuthinta Ngayo Izindleko Nokuthembeka

Ukukhethwa kwe-ADC ngesikhathi sokuklama nakho kubheka izinga ledatha kanye nezindleko zokuxhumana. I-ADC ye-sigma-delta engama-24-bit ikhiqiza ama-bits angu-24 ngesampula ngayinye okumele idluliselwe ku-processor; ngamanani aphezulu esampula i-bandwidth yokuxhumana ibalulekile. Ukuqondanisa i-ADC nesidingo sangempela se-bandwidth (uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bemininingwane) kulondoloza i-bandwidth yezinye ithrafikhi.

Ukuvikelwa kokufaka kwe-ADC ngezinye izikhathi kukhawulela ububanzi obusebenzayo obuguquguqukayo. Ama-resistors okuvikela okufakayo anezela i-offset nomsindo okunciphisa ukunemba kokulinganisa okufinyelelekayo. Izinhlelo ezichaza ukuvikela ngokucophelela - ukufanisa ukuvikela nezimo zamaphutha ezingenzeka kunokusebenzisa kabi kakhulu - zigcina ikhwalithi yokulinganisa ngenkathi zinikeza ukuvikelwa okwanele.

Ukuxhumana: I-SPI, I²C, I-CAN, I-RS-485, I-Ethernet, I-EtherCAT

Izidingo ze-Interface kanye ne-Layout

Ukuxhumana emuva kusilawuli esiyinhloko kuthwala idatha yesensa yedijithali. Ukukhetha kwesikhombimsebenzisi kuncike kwisilinganiso sedatha, ibanga, kanye nendawo yomsindo. Izinketho eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-SPI: Ukuxhumana kwenzwa ngaphakathi. Okusheshayo nokulula; ibanga elifushane kuphela.
• I²C: Ukuxhumana kwezinzwa eziningi ngaphakathi. Kuhamba kancane kune-SPI kodwa kumadivayisi amaningi.
• INGABE: ukuxhumana okuqinile ngezintambo. Ukuzivikela okuhle komsindo; izinga ledatha eliphakathi nendawo.
• I-RS-485 noma i-RS-422: umehluko we-serial phezu kwezintambo. Ukuzivikela okuhle komsindo; kwanele ngesivinini sedatha esimaphakathi.
• I-Ethernet: i-bandwidth ephezulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa ezidinga amandla. Okujwayelekile ekubonweni nasekuzweleni kwesilinganiso sedatha ephezulu.
• I-EtherCAT: i-Ethernet eqondile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe zezinzwa eziningi.

Ukucatshangelwa kwe-EMC, Isikhathi, kanye Nokuhlolwa

Ukukhetha isikhombikubona sokuxhumana kumabhodi ezinzwa nakho kuthinta ukwakheka kwekhebula kanye nokukhetha isixhumi. I-SPI phezu kwezikhombikubona ezimfushane zebhodi kuya ebhodini isebenzisa ikhebula eliyisicaba elilula; i-CAN ngaphezu kwamamitha ekhebula ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini isebenzisa i-pair egoqekile evikelwe. Ukukhetha isikhombikubona kuhambisana nomklamo wesistimu iyonke kanye nezindleko.

Izindlela zokuxhumana ezingadingekile emabhodini ezinzwa ezibalulekile ngokuphepha zigcina ukutholakala kokulinganisa ngesikhathi sokwehluleka kwephuzu elilodwa. Inzwa ene-CAN eyinhloko kanye nokukhipha i-analog eyisipele igcina umsebenzi ngisho noma isikhombikubona esiyinhloko sehluleka. Izindleko ezengeziwe zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ngokuphepha.

Ukuze kukhishwe umkhiqizo, ukulinganiswa kwenzwa kuncike enqubweni yokuhlola yezinga lebhodi yesitshalo , ikakhulukazi lapho idatha yenzwa isetshenziswa uhlelo olungaphansi kombono womshini noma isilawuli sokuphepha.

Ukulinganiswa kanye Nokulandelela Ngeyunithi Ngayinye

Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Zokulinganisa Nokulandelela Ngeyunithi Ngayinye

Ukulinganiswa ngeyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kuyinto ejwayelekile emabhodini ezinzwa zokunemba. Ukulinganiswa kuthatha ukuhlukahluka okuthile ngeyunithi ngayinye okuveliswa ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, kugcina ama-coefficient okulungisa kwimemori engaguquki. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokulinganisa yilezi:

• Isilinganiso sokubhekisela: inzwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokufaka ezaziwayo. Kusetshenziswe inzwa yokubhekisela noma okokufaka okubonakalayo kokubhekisela.
• Ukubalwa kwe-coefficient: i-offset, i-gain, i-linearity, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-coefficient okushisa abalwa kusukela ekulinganisweni.
• Isitoreji: ama-coefficient agcinwe ku-EEPROM, i-flash, noma imemori ebhodini lezinzwa uqobo.
• Ukuqinisekiswa: ukulinganisa ngemva kokulinganisa okuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela olungisiwe uhlangabezana nencazelo.
• Ukulandelela: idatha yokulinganisa ngeyunithi ngayinye exhunywe enombolweni ye-serial kanye nereferensi esetshenzisiwe.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokukhiqiza Nokwethenjelwa

Ukwakheka kwenqubo yokulinganisa kuthinta kokubili ukunemba kanye nokukhiqiza. Inqubo yokulinganisa edinga ukuzinza okude noma ukusethwa kwereferensi okuyinkimbinkimbi ibambezela ukukhiqizwa; inqubo esebenzisa izinkomba ezilula ezizinzile isebenza ngokushesha. Izinhlelo eziklama inqubo yokulinganisa eceleni kwebhodi lenzwa ngokwalo zikhiqiza izinhlelo zenzwa ezikhiqiza kahle; izinhlelo eziphatha ukulinganisa njengento ehlukile ngezinye izikhathi zithola izithiyo zokulinganisa endaweni yokukhiqiza.

Ukwakheka kwesitoreji sedatha yokulinganisa kuthinta kokubili ukukhiqizwa kanye nesevisi. Ama-coefficient agcinwe ku-EEPROM ebhodini lenzwa uqobo ahamba nebhodi; ama-coefficient agcinwe kusilawuli se-host ayalahleka uma isilawuli sishintshwa. Izinhlelo ezigcina ukulinganiswa kweyunithi ngayinye ebhodini lenzwa uqobo zigcina ukulinganiswa kuzo zonke izinguquko ze-host; izinhlelo ezigcina phakathi nendawo zenza kube lula ukwakheka kwebhodi lenzwa kodwa zenze kube nzima isevisi.

Ukuze uthole izinqumo zokuklama eziseduze, bheka umhlahlandlela wokuhlanganisa ibhodi lokulawula i-robot PCB kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuhlola we-robot PCB kanye nomsebenzi.

Ama-PCB Okwenza Izinzwa e-Highleap

Isibuyekezo se-DFM Ngaphambi Kokukhiqizwa

I-Highleap ikhiqiza amabhodi ezinzwa ngokudinga amabhodi ezinzwa zenqubo ye-analog. Ukuhlanganiswa komsindo ophansi, ukwesekwa kokulinganisa, kanye nokupakishwa okuvikelwe. Amakhono athile afaka:

• I-Multilayer enendiza: izindiza zomhlabathi ze-analog nezedijithali ezihlanzekile. Inani lezingqimba livame ukuba ngu-4-8 kumabhodi ezinzwa.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-analog: Ukubekwa nokuhlolwa okugcina ubuqotho besiginali ye-analog. Ukuhlanza lapho kudingeka khona ukuvimbela ukuvuza.
• Ukusekelwa kokulinganisa: Ukulinganiswa kweyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Kudinga inqubo yokulinganisa enikezwa amakhasimende kanye nereferensi.
• Hlola ngezisusa zenzwa: ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo ngamasignali ezinzwa zokubhekisela noma okokufaka okulingisiwe.
• Ukuhlanganiswa okuvikelwe: izihlangu ezisebhodini, izintambo ezivikelwe, kanye nezihlangu ezisezingeni elivalekile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu.
• Amadokhumenti: idatha yokulinganisa ngeyunithi ngayinye kanye namarekhodi okuhlola asekela ukulandelelwa kwenzwa.

Ukuhlolwa, Ukulandelela, kanye Nokudluliselwa Kwesakhiwo

Ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi lezinzwa le-Highleap kuhlanganisa isiyalo esithile esidingwa yi-analog electronics ngokunemba. Ukuhlanzeka kokuhlanganisa okuvimbela ukuvuza kokufakwayo kwe-high-impedance, iphrofayili yokushisa egcina amapharamitha ezinto ezibucayi, kanye nokuhlolwa okusingatha izinkinga ezingaphazamisa ikhwalithi yokulinganisa.

Ukukhiqiza amabhodi ezinzwa kahle kudinga nokuqonda ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ezithile ngokwanele ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlanganiswa. Izinzwa ze-MEMS ezizwela ukucindezeleka komshini zidinga ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokubekwa nokugeleza kabusha; Ama-amplifier okufaka i-MOSFET ezizwela ukuvuza adinga ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlanzeka; izinkomba zokunemba ezizwela ukushaqeka kokushisa zidinga amaphrofayili okupholisa alawulwayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-PCB Yezinzwa Zerobhothi

Iyini i-PCB ye-sensor yerobhothi?

I-robot sensor PCB assembly iyibhodi elilungisa, liguqule idijithali, lilinganise, futhi lidlulise izimpawu zokulinganisa ezivela kuzinzwa zerobhothi. Lingase liphathe okokufaka kwe-analog njengezilinganiso zokucindezeleka kanye nama-thermocouple, izinzwa zedijithali njenge-IMU, noma iziteshi zezinzwa ezixubile. Umgomo idatha ezinzile, enomsindo ophansi, ephindaphindwayo yokulawula, ukuqonda, ukuphepha, kanye nokuxilonga.

Yiziphi izinzwa ezivame ukudinga i-PCB yenzwa ezinikele?

Amabhodi anikezelwe avamile kuma-sensor e-force ne-torque, ama-encoder okunemba, ama-current sensor, ama-IMU afakwe kude nesilawuli esiyinhloko, ama-temperature array, ama-pressure sensor, kanye namamojula wokulinganisa ngokwezifiso. I-PCB ye-sensor ehlukile iwusizo lapho indawo ye-sensor, isabelomali somsindo, ukwakheka kwesixhumi, inqubo yokulinganisa, noma ukuvezwa kwemvelo kuhlukile ebhodini lokulawula eliyinhloko.

Umsindo wehliswa kanjani kuma-PCB ezinzwa zamarobhothi?

Umsindo uncishiswa ngezindlela ezimfushane ze-analog, isisekelo esifanele, ama-amplifier anomsindo ophansi, umzila wokuhlukanisa, ukuhlunga, ukuvikela, izinsiza zokubhekisela ezihlanzekile, kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba ezindleleni zokushintsha i-motor-drive. Indlela eqondile incike ezingeni lesignali kanye nomkhawulokudonsa. Inzwa yebhuloho lezinga le-microvolt idinga ukwakheka nokuhlunga okuqinile kakhulu kune-IMU yedijithali esebenzisa i-SPI.

Kungani ukulinganiswa kweyunithi ngayinye kubalulekile kumabhodi ezinzwa?

Ukulinganiswa kweyunithi ngayinye kulungisa ukushibilika kwe-offset, gain, non-linearity, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukushisa okubangelwa ukubekezelelana kwenzwa, ukubekezelelana kwezingxenye ze-analog, kanye nokwehluka kwenhlangano. Ngaphandle kokulinganiswa, amabhodi amabili akhiwe ngomklamo ofanayo angakhiqiza ukufundwa okuhlukile. Idatha yokulinganisa inikeza isilawuli serobhothi izilinganiso ezihambisanayo kuwo wonke amayunithi kanye nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza.

Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-ADC olufanele ukulinganisa izinzwa zerobhothi?

I-ADC engcono kakhulu incike ezidingweni zesivinini, isixazululo, kanye nomsindo. Ama-ADC e-Sigma-delta aqinile ekulinganisweni kwe-bandwidth ephezulu, ephansi njengamandla kanye nokushisa. Ama-ADC e-SAR afanelana nokulinganiswa okusheshayo kwe-control-loop. Ama-ADC enzwa ahlanganisiwe awusizo kuma-sensor edijithali amancane. I-ADC kufanele ikhethwe ngokumelene ne-bandwidth yokulinganisa yangempela kanye nesabelomali sokunemba.

Yiziphi izixhumi zokuxhumana ezivamile emabhodini ezinzwa zamarobhothi?

Izixhumi ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-SPI ne-I²C yezinzwa zedijithali zasendaweni, i-CAN noma i-CAN FD yamamojula asakazwe ngokuqinile, i-RS-485 yokusebenzisa ikhebula isikhathi eside, kanye ne-Ethernet noma i-EtherCAT yamanethiwekhi ezinzwa ane-bandwidth ephezulu noma aqondile. Ukukhetha isixhumi kufanele kufane nobude bekhebula, izinga lokubuyekeza, indawo ye-EMC, nokuthi idatha yezinzwa ibaluleke kakhulu yini ekuphepheni.

Ama-PCB enzwa yerobhothi kufanele ahlolwe kanjani ekukhiqizweni?

Ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kufanele kuqinisekise ama-power rails, ukuxhumana, ukuqhubeka kwe-sensor-channel, izinga lomsindo we-analog, isitoreji sokulinganisa, kanye nempendulo yokusebenza ku-stimulus eyaziwayo uma kusebenza. Amabhodi okunemba kufanele agcine ukulinganisa kanye namarekhodi okuhlola ngenombolo ye-serial. Kuma-sensor ahlobene nokuphepha, ukumbozwa kokuhlolwa kufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukutholwa kwamaphutha kanye nokuziphatha okuchaziwe kokuhluleka.

Yimaphi amafayela adingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-PCBA yenzwa elinganisiwe?

Iphakheji ephelele ngokuvamile ifaka phakathi ama-Gerber noma i-ODB++, amafayela okubhoboza, amanothi okuhlanganisa, i-BOM enezinye izindlela ezivunyelwe, idatha yokukhetha nokubeka, imidwebo yokuhlanganisa, inqubo yokulinganisa, imikhawulo yokuhlola, imiyalelo ye-firmware noma yokuhlela, kanye nezidingo zesixhumi noma ze-fixture. Izinkomba zokulinganisa kanye nemikhawulo yokubekezelelana eyamukelekile kufanele inikezwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesihloko sokuqala.

Thumela amafayela e-PCB enzwa yerobhothi ukuze kubuyekezwe i-DFM kanye nokulinganiswa