Iyini i-Bridge Rectifier? Izisekelo ze-PCB kanye nezesekethe

Sebenzisa leli khasi ukuthola incazelo ye-core bridge rectifier. Uma isekethe ingena ku-PCB layout, buyekeza i -PCB rectifier layout ephelele ; ukuze uthole ukushisa, ububanzi be-trace, iphakheji ye-diode, kanye nokukhetha kokuhlanganiswa, ikhasi lemininingwane yomklamo we-PCB rectifier bridge lihlanganisa imininingwane yokukhiqiza.

Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bukagesi nobunjiniyela bukagesi, ukuguqulwa kwe-Alternating Current (AC) ibe i-Direct Current (DC) kuyimfuneko ebalulekile ukuze kunikwe amandla izingxenye namadivayisi e-elekthronikhi ahlukahlukene. Izilungisi zebhuloho zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuzuzeni lokhu kuguqulwa ngempumelelo. Lesi sihloko esibanzi sihlola umhlaba wezilungisi zebhuloho, sinikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokujikeleza kwazo, izimiso zokusebenza, nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Isilungisi sebhuloho sithinta ububanzi bethusi, ukuphakama kokushisa, kanye nesikhala sokuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke amabhodi okunikeza ugesi kufanele ahlolwe maqondana nezidingo zokuhlelwa kwe-PCB futhi aqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kukagesi okufanele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Iyini i-Bridge Rectifier?

Isilungisi sebhuloho iyisisetshenziswa se-elekthronikhi esiklanyelwe ukuguqula i-voltage ye-AC ibe ivolthi ephumayo ye-DC ebushelelezi futhi engashintshi. Ifeza lo msebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukucushwa kwama-diode, ngokuvamile amane noma ngaphezulu, ahlelwe ngephethini ethile. Izilungisi zebhuloho ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezintweni zikagesi, eziqinisekisa umthombo ozinzile wamandla e-DC ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zikagesi.

Ukwakhiwa Kwebhuloho Lokulungisa

Ukwakhiwa kwesilungisisi sebhuloho kuhlanganisa ama-diode amane ahlelwe ngephethini ye-loop evaliwe, esusa isidingo se-transformer egxivizwe maphakathi. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ukunciphisa ubukhulu nezindleko kodwa futhi uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Uma isignali yokufaka ye-AC isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amatheminali A no-B, isignali yokuphumayo ye-DC itholakala ku-resistor yokulayisha (RL), exhunywe phakathi kwamatheminali C kanye no-D. Ama-diode, okuyi-D1, D2, D3, ne-D4, aqhuba amandla kagesi phakathi kwama-halves ahlukene omjikelezo we-AC. Phakathi nomjikelezo omuhle wesigamu, ukuziphatha kwe-D1 ne-D3, kuyilapho phakathi nomjikelezo omubi wesigamu, i-D2 ne-D4 yokuziphatha, okuholela ekugelezeni okukodwa kwamanje.

Izinzuzo ze-Bridge Rectifiers

1. Ukuphumelela: Izilungisi zebhuloho zinikeza ngokuphindwe kabili ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa uma kuqhathaniswa nezilungisi zegagasi elinguhhafu, okuzenza zisebenze kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni i-AC ibe yi-DC.
2. I-Voltage Ephumayo Ephakeme namandla: Izilungisi zebhuloho zinikeza amandla kagesi aphezulu okukhiphayo, okuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amakhulu e-DC.
3. Low Ripple Voltage: Okukhiphayo kwezilungisi zebhuloho kunevoltheji ye-ripple ephansi kanye nefrikhwensi ephezulu, okwenza lula isidingo samasekhethi okuhlunga angeziwe.
4. Asikho Isiguquli Esithephwe Ngaphakathi: Izilungisi zebhuloho azidingi isiguquli esigxivizwe maphakathi, esenza umklamo we-transformer ube lula.

Ukubi kwe-Bridge Rectifiers

1. Imfuneko ye-Four Diode: Izilungisi zebhuloho zisebenzisa ama-diode amane, ukwanda kwesibalo sezingxenye kanye nezindleko uma kuqhathaniswa nezilungisi zegagasi elinguhhafu.
2. Ukulahlekelwa Amandla Okuphezulu: Izilungisi zebhuloho zingase zibe nokulahlekelwa amandla amaningi uma kuqhathaniswa nezilungisi ezithengwe maphakathi.

I-Bridge Rectifier Waveform

I-waveform yokukhiphayo yesilungisi sebhuloho ibonakala ngokugeleza okungaqondile kwamanje phakathi kokubili kwama-halves amahle nama-negative wesiginali yokufaka ye-AC. I-polarity yokuphuma kwe-DC ingaba yinhle ngokuphelele noma ibe yimbi, kuye ngokucushwa kwe-diode. Ukuhlunga okwengeziwe, ngokuvamile ngama-capacitor, kuyadingeka ukuze kusheleleke okukhiphayo.

I-Bridge Rectifier Circuit Diagram

Umdwebo wesekethe yesilungisi sebhuloho uqukethe izigaba ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-transformer, ibhuloho le-diode, ukuhlunga, nezilawuli. Le nhlanganisela yezingxenye yakha ugesi olawulwayo we-DC onganikeza amandla ezintweni ezisebenza ngogesi ezihlukahlukene.

1. transformer: I-transformer iwuhlobo lokuya phansi olunciphisa i-amplitude ye-voltage ye-AC yokufaka. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi we-elekthronikhi, isiguquli esingu-230/12V sisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa amandla kagesi we-AC ukusuka ku-230V kuya ku-12V AC.
2. Ibhuloho le-Diode: Isilungisi sebhuloho le-diode siqukethe ama-diode amane (i-D1, i-D2, i-D3, ne-D4) okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni. Lawa ma-diode adlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni i-AC ibe yi-DC ngokuvumela yamanje ukuthi igeleze ibheke ohlangothini olulodwa phakathi nomjikelezo ngamunye wesigamu sesiginali yokufaka.
3. Ukuhlunga: Ukuze uguqule okukhiphayo kwe-DC ephehlayo kube isignali ye-DC ebushelelezi, i-capacitor eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ixhunywe kuyo yonke i-resistor yokulayisha. Ukukhethwa kwesilinganiso se-capacitor kuncike ku-voltage oyifunayo.
4. Umlawuli weVoltage: Ezimeni lapho izinga le-voltage ethile ye-DC lidingeka, isilawuli sikagesi sisetshenziswa ukuze kugcinwe i-voltage ephumayo engashintshi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi okukhiphayo kuhlala kuzinzile kungakhathaliseki ukuhluka kwe-voltage yokufaka.

Izimiso Zokusebenza Zokulungisa Ibhuloho

Ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwesilungisi sebhuloho, cabanga isilungisi sebhuloho sesigaba esisodwa esihlanganisa ama-diode amane axhunywe kuwo wonke umthwalo. Phakathi nomjikelezo omuhle wengxenye ye-AC input waveform, ama-diode D1 kanye ne-D2 achemile phambili, okuvumela umthwalo wamanje ukuthi ugeleze kuwo. Emjikelezweni ongemuhle wesigamu, ama-diode D3 kanye ne-D4 achelela phambili, eqhuba umthamo wamanje. Kuzo zombili izimo, umthamo wamanje ugeleza ohlangothini olufanayo, okuholela ku-unidirectional DC yamanje ekuphumeni.

Izimpawu Zokulungisa Ibhuloho

1. I-Ripple Factor: I-ripple factor ikala ubushelelezi besiginali yokuphuma kwe-DC. Ukuze kulungiswe kabusha ibhuloho, i-ripple factor ibalwa ngokuthi Γ = √(Vrms^2 / VDC) – 1, lapho i-Vrms iyimpande ye-voltage yesikwele kanye ne-VDC ingugesi we-DC. I-ripple factor yesilungisi sebhuloho cishe singu-0.48.
2. I-Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV): I-PIV isho amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu atholwa i-diode uma ichemile okuhlanekezelwe phakathi nomjikelezo ongemuhle wengxenye yesignali ye-AC. Izilungisi zebhuloho zihlanganisa ama-diode amane, futhi i-PIV iyahlukahluka ngokufanele.
3. Ukuphumelela: Ukusebenza kahle kwesilungisisi isilinganiso samandla okukhiphayo e-DC kumandla wokufaka we-AC. Izilungisi zebhuloho zingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu okungaba ngu-81.2%.

Izinhlobo ze-Bridge Rectifiers

Bridge rectifiers come in various types based on factors such as supply type, controlling capability, and circuit configuration. They are primarily categorized into isigaba esisodwa kanye nesigaba sesithathu rectifiers, further divided into uncontrolled, half-controlled, and full-controlled rectifiers.

Isigaba Esisodwa kanye Nezilungisi Zezigaba Ezintathu

Izilungisi zamabhuloho esigaba esisodwa zisebenzisa ama-diode amane ukuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC, kuyilapho izilungisi zezigaba ezintathu zisebenzisa ama-diode ayisithupha. Lezi zilungisi zingase zingalawuleki noma zilawulwe, kuye ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengama-diode noma ama-thyristors.

Izilungisi zebhuloho ezingalawulwa

Izilungisi zebhuloho ezingalawulwa zisebenzisa ama-diode ukulungisa okokufaka, ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ongashintshi noma ongashintshi. Lezi zilungisi zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuhluka kwamandla kungadingeki.

I-Controlled Bridge Rectifiers

Izilungisi zamabhuloho ezilawulwayo zishintsha ama-diode angalawuleki ngamadivayisi alawulwa yisimo esiqinile njengama-SCR, ama-MOSFET, noma ama-IGBT. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhluka kwamandla okukhiphayo kuma-voltage ahlukene ngokucupha lawa madivayisi ngokuphazima kweso.

Izicelo ze-Bridge Rectifiers

Izilungisi zamabhuloho zithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisabalele kwezobunjiniyela bakagesi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo nokuthembeka. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:

1. Ukunikezwa kwamandla: Izilungisi zebhuloho ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zamandla kagesi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zikagesi nezinto zikagesi.
2. Izilawuli zezimoto: Asetshenziswa kumasekethe okulawula izimoto ukuguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC okushayela amamotho kagesi.
3. Inqubo Yokushintshashintsha: Kumisakazo nezinhlelo zokuxhumana, izilungisi zebhuloho zisetshenziselwa izinqubo zokushintsha isignali.
4. Izicelo zokushisela: Izilungisi zamabhuloho zidlala indima ebalulekile emishinini yokushisela, zihlinzeka ngamandla e-DC adingekayo wezinqubo zokushisela.
5. Ama-Home Appliances: Imishini eminingi yasendlini, njengeziqandisi nama-air conditioner, ithembele kuzilungisi zebhuloho ukuze ziguqule i-AC ibe yi-DC kumasistimu azo okulawula.

Isiphetho

Izilungisi zebhuloho ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile emhlabeni wezinto zikagesi, ezivumela ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kwamandla e-AC kumandla we-DC azinzile. Izicelo zabo eziguquguqukayo zifinyelela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuzenza zibe isisekelo sokwakha inqwaba yezinto zikagesi namasistimu. Ukuqonda izimiso nezici zezilungisi zebhuloho kubalulekile konjiniyela nakubashisekeli ngokufanayo, njengoba kubanikeza amandla okuhlanganisa amandla alawa madivayisi kumaphrojekthi abo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma lesi sidingo sithinta ukutholakala noma ukukhishwa komkhiqizo, siqhathanise nokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB okuvame kakhulu kanye nokukhetha i-PCB laminate ngaphambi kokuthumela amafayela okugcina ukuze abuyekezwe.