Ukuqonda i-WiFi 7 kanye Nomthelela Wayo Ku-PCB Design yabakhi be-Electronics

I-WiFi 7, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IEEE 802.11be (Ukusebenzisa Okuphezulu Kakhulu), isizukulwane esizayo sobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi obakhela phezu kwesisekelo se-WiFi 6. Yethula ubuchwepheshe obumbalwa obuqandula okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa amazinga okudluliswa kwedatha kanye nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubandakanya ukuqaliswa komkhawulokudonsa ongu-320 MHz, 4096-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), usekelo lweyunithi yezisetshenziswa eziningi (MRU), ukusebenza kwezixhumanisi eziningi (MLO), kanye nephoyinti lokufinyelela okuningi (AP). Ngalezi zinto ezintsha, i-WiFi 7 kulindeleke ukuthi isekele isivinini sokuphuma esingafika ku-23 Gbps, ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kune-WiFi 6.

Kungani Sidinga i-WiFi 7?

Isidingo se-WiFi 7 sibangelwa ukwethembela okwandayo kumanethiwekhi angenawaya ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu kuzo zombili izindawo zokuhlala nezamabhizinisi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje ezifana nokusakaza kwevidiyo ye-4K ne-8K, into engekho ngokoqobo (VR), amageyimu aku-inthanethi, nekhompuyutha yamafu kudinga ukusebenza okuphakeme nokubambezeleka okuphansi kunalokho okungahlinzekwa yizindinganiso zamanje. Nakuba i-WiFi 6 yenze intuthuko enkulu kulezi zindawo, izimfuno zobuchwepheshe obusafufusa zenza kudingeke ukuthuthukiswa kwe-WiFi 7 ukuze ilethe ulwazi olungcono kakhulu lomsebenzisi.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-WiFi 7

• Amanani Edatha Aphakeme : I-WiFi 7 ithembisa amazinga edatha afinyelela ku-46 Gbps, okuwukukhuphuka okukhulu kusuka ku-9.6 Gbps enikezwa yi-WiFi 6. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-bandwidth esiteshi abanzi afinyelela ku-320 MHz kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuguquguquka okuphezulu.

• Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kwezixhumanisi Eziningi (i-MLO) : I-WiFi 7 yethula i-MLO, evumela amadivayisi ukuthi adlulise futhi amukele idatha ngasikhathi sinye kuma-frequency band amaningi (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, kanye ne-6 GHz). Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi iyonke futhi kunciphisa ukuminyana.

• Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Kwe-Spectrum : Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-4096-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), i-WiFi 7 ingabhala idatha eyengeziwe ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum efanayo, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral.

• Ukubambezeleka Okuphansi Nokuthembeka Okuphezulu : I-WiFi 7 ihlose ukufeza ukubambezeleka okuphansi njenge-millisecond eyi-1, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela, njengokudlala imidlalo kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni.

• Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Sokuvuka Esiqondiwe (TWT) : I-TWT ku-WiFi 7 ilungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu kumadivayisi e-IoT asebenzisa ibhethri.

Imithelela ye-PCB Design ene-WiFi 7

Intuthuko ku-WiFi 7 iletha izinselelo namathuba ambalwa kubaklami be-PCB nabakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi. Okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile kuhlanganisa idizayini yemvamisa ephezulu, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, ubuqotho bamandla, nokubekwa kwengxenye kanye nomzila.

Idizayini ye-High-Frequency

I-WiFi 7 isebenza ngamafrikhwensi aphezulu, okudinga izindlela ezinembile zokuklama ze-PCB zemvamisa ephezulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokugcina i-impedance elawulwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besignali ngokukhetha izinto ezinama-dielectric constants ezinzile kanye nama-tangents okulahlekelwa okuphansi. Ukwengeza, ukuqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali okuncane nokuboniswa kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, njengobubanzi bokulandelela obufanele nesikhala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamapheya ahlukene. Amasu okuphatha okushisayo asebenzayo abalulekile ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo oshisayo kusuka kumazinga aphezulu wedatha kanye nokusebenza kwezixhumanisi eziningi. Lawa maqhinga ahlanganisa i-thermal nge-arrays yokukhipha ukushisa okuvela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile futhi afake osinki bokushisa namaphedi okushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunqanyulwa kokushisa.

Ubuqotho Bamandla Nokubekwa Kwengxenye

Ukugcina ubuqotho bamandla kubalulekile ngenxa yezidingo zamandla eziphezulu ze-WiFi 7. Lokhu kuhilela ukuklama inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa amandla ezinzile nengenamsindo (PDN) kanye nokubeka ama-capacitor ahlukanisayo ngendlela efanele ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukubekwa kwezingxenye kanye nomzila ofanele nakho kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka kwesignali kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ( EMI ). Lokhu kungafezwa ngokugcina imikhondo yesignali imfushane futhi iqondile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishiswa kwesignali kanye nokusebenzisa izindiza zomhlabathi eziqinile ukuze kuhlinzekwe indlela yokubuyela kwesignali kanye nokunciphisa i-EMI.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokukhiqiza kwe-WiFi 7 PCBs

Kubakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-WiFi 7 kuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokukhiqiza okuningana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokwethembeka.

Ukukhetha Izinto

Ukukhetha izinto ze-PCB ezifanele ezingaphatha amaza aphezulu kanye nemithwalo yokushisa kubalulekile. Izinto ezifana ne-laminate ekhethekile ephansi yokulahlekelwa, i-laminate ekhethekile ephansi yokulahlekelwa kanye ne-Isola IS620 ziyizinketho ezidumile ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kokushisa. Lezi zinto zibalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besiginali kanye nokuphatha imithwalo yokushisa eyengeziwe ehlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe be-WiFi 7.

Amasu Okwenza Okuthuthukile

Ukukhiqiza ama-PCB e-WiFi 7 kudinga amasu okukhiqiza athuthukile. I-Microvia kanye ne-blind/efihliwe ngobuchwepheshe kusiza ekunciphiseni ubude bendlela yesignali kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuqotho besignali. Imiklamo yokuxhumana okuphezulu (i-HDI) nayo ibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nenani elikhulayo lezingxenye kanye nokuxhumana, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB angasekela amakhono athuthukile e-WiFi 7.

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuhlolwa

Izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile kanye nokuhlola ziyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwama-PCB e-WiFi 7. Ukuhlolwa Okuzenzakalelayo Kokukhanya ( i-AOI ) kusetshenziselwa ukuthola amaphutha okukhiqiza, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kusetshenziswa ukuhlola ama-vias afihliwe kanye nezendlalelo zangaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kukagesi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho besignali kanye nokusebenza kwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme ezidingekayo kubuchwepheshe be-WiFi 7.

I-WiFi 7 Application Scenarios

Amakhono athuthukisiwe e-WiFi 7 avula uhla lwezimo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, i-WiFi 7 ingasekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-telemedicine zesikhathi sangempela ngokusakazwa kwevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha yokubambezeleka okuphansi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT yezimboni (I-inthanethi Yezinto), i-WiFi 7 inganika amandla ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwezinzwa, ama-actuator, nezinhlelo zokulawula, ithuthukise ukuzenzela nokusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, esikhaleni sabathengi, i-WiFi 7 ingaletha okuhlangenwe nakho okungenamthungo, kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-multimedia, njengokusakazwa kwevidiyo okungu-8K nokudlala kwe-VR okugxilile.

Isiphetho

I-WiFi 7 imele ukuqhubekela phambili okubalulekile kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi engenantambo, enikeza isivinini esisheshayo, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga wangaphambilini. Ngezici zayo ezithuthukile namandla, i-WiFi 7 isilungele ukuguqula ukuxhumana okungenantambo futhi inike amandla inkathi entsha yokuxhumana yezinhlelo zokusebenza nezimboni eziningi.