I-WiFi 6 vs i-WiFi 5:Ukuqhathaniswa kwemizila yenethiwekhi engenantambo

Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kuholele enkathini entsha yokuxhumana okungenantambo ne-WiFi 6, okuwumlandeli wezinga le-WiFi 5 elisungulwe kahle. Njengoba amabhizinisi nabathengi bamukela i-Internet of Things ( IoT) ekhula ngokushesha kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo nokuphansi, ukuqonda izici ezihlukanisa lezi zindinganiso ezimbili ezingenantambo kuba yinto ebalulekile. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe komehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-WiFi 5 ne-WiFi 6, okunikeza umbono ophelele wokuvela kwenethiwekhi engenantambo.

Lungiselela idizayini yakho ye-WiFi PCB ukuze uthole izindinganiso zakamuva. Xhumana nathi namuhla ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho besignali futhi wandise ukusebenza kumadivayisi wakho we-WiFi 6 noma we-WiFi 7.

I-WiFi 5, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-IEEE 802.11ac, kwakuyisizukulwane sesihlanu sezindinganiso zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, ezethulwa ngo-2014. Ngokuphambene, i-WiFi 6 igama lentengiso lezinga le-IEEE 802.11ax, elagunyazwa ngo-2019. Lokhu kuqamba kabusha nge-WiFi I-Alliance yayihlose ukwenza lula ukumaketha nokwamukelwa kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe.

Intuthuko Ekuvikelekeni Kwenethiwekhi kanye Nokudluliswa Kwedatha nge-WiFi 6

I-Network Security Protocols

I-WiFi 6 ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngokwamukelwa kwephrothokholi eqinile ye-WPA3. Nakuba i-WiFi 5 isekela izinga le-WPA2, obekungcono kakhulu kune-WEP eyandulelayo, yayisenobuthakathaka obungaxhashazwa ukuhlasela okuyinkimbinkimbi. I-WPA3 yethula izindlela zokubethela ezithuthukisiwe, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi, kanye nezivikelo emizamweni yokuqhekeka kwamaphasiwedi asekelwe kusichazamazwi, okuqinisa ukuphepha kwamanethiwekhi angenantambo.

Izilinganiso Zokudluliswa Kwedatha

Isidingo sezivinini zokudluliswa kwedatha esheshayo sithuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-WiFi 6. Ngenkathi i-WiFi 5 ibe nokuphuma okuphezulu kwethiyori engu-6.9 Gbps, i-WiFi 6 inyusa ibha ifike ku-9.6 Gbps. Nokho, inzuzo yangempela ye-WiFi 6 ibonakala ezindaweni eziminyene ezinamadivaysi amaningi axhunyiwe. Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuguquguquka (i-1024-QAM) nokuphathwa kokusakaza kwendawo okuthuthukisiwe, i-WiFi 6 iphuma phambili ekugcineni ukusebenza okuphezulu ngisho namadivayisi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa afinyelela inethiwekhi.

I-Beamforming kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha Kwendawo

I-WiFi 6 isebenzisa indlela yokukhanya ethuthukisiwe, isebenzisa izimpondo ezifika kweziyisishiyagalombili ukugxilisa amasignali angenawaya ngqo kumamukeli ahlosiwe. Lokhu kudluliselwa okugxilile kuthuthukisa amanani edatha futhi kunwebe ububanzi obusebenzayo besiginali. Ukwengeza, i-WiFi 6 yethula ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwendawo, okuvumela amadivaysi amaningi ukuthi asakaze ngesikhathi esisodwa esiteshini esifanayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukwandisa umthamo wenethiwekhi nokusebenza.

I-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

Nakuba i-WiFi 5 isebenzisa i-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) ukulawula ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi, i-WiFi 6 isebenzisa indlela ethuthuke kakhulu ye-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). I-OFDMA ihlukanisa umkhawulokudonsa otholakalayo ube amayunithi wensiza amancane, okuvumela amadivayisi amaningi ukuthi adlulise kanyekanye ngaphandle kokubanga izinkampani zenethiwekhi ezifanayo. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka nokuminyana, ikakhulukazi ezimeni eziminyene zokuthunyelwa.

Abasebenzisi abaningi, Okokufaka Okuningi, Okuphumayo Okuningi (MU-MIMO)

Ubuchwepheshe be-MU-MIMO, obuvumela ukuxhumana ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi kanye nendawo yokufinyelela, buthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-WiFi 6. Nakuba i-WiFi 5 isekela ukulungiselelwa okungaqondile kwe-4×4 MU-MIMO, i-WiFi 6 iziqhayisa ngokusetshenziswa kokuqondiswa kabili kwe-8×8. Lo mthamo owengeziwe usiza amaklayenti amaningi axhumeke ngasikhathi sinye futhi athuthukise amandla okudlulisa idatha akhuphukayo, okuzuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu we-uplink.

Ama-Frequency Bands kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Spectrum

I-WiFi 5 isebenza ngokukhethekile kubhendi yefrikhwensi engu-5 GHz, enikeza ukuphazamiseka okuncane kodwa ububanzi obuncishisiwe nokungena uma kuqhathaniswa nebhendi engu-2.4 GHz. I-WiFi 6 isekela womabili amabhendi angu-2.4 GHz kanye no-5 GHz, okuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi akhethe ngamandla ifrikhwensi efanelekile yendawo yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indinganiso ye-WiFi 6E ezayo izokwethula ibhendi ye-6 GHz, iqhubeke nokunciphisa ukuminyana futhi ivule indlela yokuphuma okuphezulu nokubambezeleka okuphansi.

Umbala Wesethi Yesevisi Eyisisekelo (BSS).

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-WiFi 6 umbala we-BSS, onikeza isihlonzi sombala kusethi ngayinye yesevisi eyisisekelo (BSS) ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Le nqubo isiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka namasignali agqagqene, ithuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele nokuthembeka kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziminyene zokuphakela.

Ukuncishiswa Ukubambezeleka

I-WiFi 6 inciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka, izuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzisanayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-OFDMA nokuphinda kusetshenziswe indawo, i-WiFi 6 inciphisa ukubambezeleka kokudluliswa kwephakethe ledatha, iqinisekisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi olushelelayo noluphendulayo lokudlala, umhlangano ngevidiyo, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile eziwumgomo.

Njengoba isidingo somkhawulokudonsa ongenazintambo siqhubeka sikhuphuka, i-ecosystem ye-WiFi isivele ibheke esikhathini esizayo. I-WiFi 6E, isandiso sezinga le-WiFi 6, yethula ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-6 GHz eyayingakaze isetshenziswe ngaphambili, evula amathuba amasha okusebenza okuphezulu, okubambezeleka kancane. Ngamashaneli ayisikhombisa engeziwe angu-160 MHz ebhendini engu-6 GHz, i-WiFi 6E ithembisa ukudambisa ukuminyana futhi ivule indlela yobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obufana ne-virtual reality (VR) nokusakazwa kwevidiyo okungu-8K.

Ubuqotho Besiginali kanye ne-PCB Design

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-WiFi buthuthuka, izidingo zomklamo we-PCB ziya ngokuya ziqina. Ngokwethulwa kwe-WiFi 6, esekela amazinga aphezulu edatha kanye nezinhlelo zokuguqulwa ezithuthukisiwe, ukugcina ubuqotho besignali kuma-PCB kubalulekile. Ukuzinza kwesignali kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuwohloka kungaholela ekusebenzeni okunciphile kanye nokuthembeka. Izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-WiFi 6, njenge-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) kanye namazinga okwanda kokudluliselwa kwedatha, zidinga ukwakheka kwe-PCB okucophelelayo ukuze kusingathwe izimpawu zemvamisa ephezulu futhi kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka. Onjiniyela kumele bagxile ezintweni ezifana nokuvinjelwa kokulandelela, ukuhanjiswa kwesignali, kanye nokufakwa phansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zesivinini esiphezulu zidluliselwa ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kanye nokuphambuka.

I-WiFi 5 vs. WiFi 6 vs. WiFi 7

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi isizukulwane ngasinye se-WiFi siwuthinta kanjani umklamo we-PCB nobunkimbinkimbi bohlelo lokusebenza, sifingqe umehluko obalulekile ngezansi:

Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-PCB kanye namasu okukhiqiza

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithuthukisiwe ze-WiFi 6, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-PCB ezithuthukisiwe kanye namasu okukhiqiza kuyadingeka. Ama-PCB asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, asebenzisa izinto ezinokulahleka okuphansi kwe-dielectric kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi ezizinzile, aya ngokuya evame kakhulu. Izinto ezifana ne-laminate ekhethekile engasebenzi kahle noma i-Isola laminates zenzelwe ngqo ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesivinini esiphezulu kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okukhiqiza afana nokulawula okuqondile kwe-impedance kanye nokuxhumana okuphezulu ( i-HDI ) kubalulekile ekufezeni ukusebenza okufiselekayo. Ukwamukelwa kwalezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe namasu kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PCB ingaphatha izidingo zokudluliselwa kwedatha okwandisiwe kanye nobuqotho besignali zezindinganiso zokuxhumana ezingenantambo zanamuhla njenge-WiFi 6.

Cela isicaphuna samahhala sokukhiqiza nezidingo zakho ze-WiFi PCB manje!

Intuthuko ku-WiFi 7 Technology

Ukuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kungenise inkathi entsha yokuxhumana okungenantambo nge-WiFi 7, isizukulwane sakamuva sezindinganiso zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, manje ezitholakala kubathengi nakumabhizinisi. I-WiFi 7, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-IEEE 802.11be, ithuthuka ngokuphawulekayo phezu kwesisekelo esibekwe yi-WiFi 6. Ngokuphuma okucatshangelwayo okufika ku-30 ​​Gbps, i-WiFi 7 isebenzisa amasu okuguquguquka athuthukile kanye namakhono okudlulisa amabhendi amaningi ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngisho nalapho kuminyene. izindawo. Lokhu kuphawula ukweqa okukhulu kusuka ku-WiFi 6's 9.6 Gbps, okuhlinzekela izidingo ezikhulayo zokudluliswa kwedatha enesivinini esikhulu, yokubambezeleka okuphansi.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokudlulisa Okuthuthukisiwe

I-WiFi 7 yethula ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucwebezela nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwendawo, isebenzisa ama-antenna amaningi ukuze iqondise amasignali ngokunembile futhi ithuthukise amanani edatha ngenkathi inweba ububanzi obusebenzayo. Ukwengeza, isebenzisa amasu athuthukile e-Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), ehlukanisa umkhawulokudonsa otholakalayo ube amayunithi amancane wezinsiza ukuze adlulise idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka kumadivayisi amaningi, kunciphisa kakhulu ukubambezeleka nokuminyana kwenethiwekhi. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa Abasebenzisi Abaningi, Okokufaka Okuningi, Okokukhipha Kaningi (MU-MIMO) kusekela amadivayisi amaningi axhumana nendawo yokufinyelela ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuthuthukisa amandla wokudlulisa idatha axhuma phezulu naphansi.

Ubuqotho Besiginali kanye ne-PCB Design ye-WiFi 7

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-WiFi buthuthuka, izidingo zomklamo we-PCB ziya ngokuya ziqina. Ukusekelwa kwe-WiFi 7 kwamazinga aphezulu edatha kanye nezinhlelo zokuguqula ezithuthukisiwe kudinga ukunakwa okucophelelayo ekugcineni ubuqotho besignali kuma-PCB. Onjiniyela kumele bagxile ezintweni ezifana nokuvimbela ukulandelela, ukuqondisa amasignali, kanye nokubeka phansi ukuqinisekisa ukulahleka okuncane kanye nokuphambuka ekudlulisweni kwesignali okuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe njenge-laminate ekhethekile yokulahlekelwa okuncane noma ama-Isola laminates, kanye namasu okukhiqiza anembile njenge-high-density interconnects (HDI), kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ze-WiFi 7, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PCB ingaphatha ukwanda kwedatha futhi igcine ubuqotho besignali.

Isiphetho

Ushintsho olusuka ku-WiFi 5 luye ku-WiFi 6 lumelele ukushintsha kwe-paradigm ekuxhumaneni okungenazintambo, ukubhekana nezidingo ezikhulayo zamabhizinisi nabathengi besimanje. Kusukela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwamandla kanye nokuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe kuya kumazinga aphezulu edatha kanye nokubambezeleka okuncishisiwe, i-WiFi 6 ingenisa inkathi entsha yokuxhumana okungenazihibe, ibeka isisekelo soguquko lwe-IoT kanye nezindlela ezintsha zesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe obungenawaya.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Imaphi amafomethi wefayela le-PCB engiwadingayo ukuze ngiwakhiqize?
  Samukela amafomethi ajwayelekile afana namafayela e-Gerber kanye ne-BOM (Umthethosivivinywa Wezinto Zokusebenza). Uma ungaqiniseki ngefayela lakho, ithimba lethu lonjiniyela lingakusiza ekulilungiseleleni ukukhiqizwa.

• Ungakwazi yini ukuphatha imiklamo ye-PCB yemvamisa ephezulu ye-WiFi 6 ne-WiFi 7?
  Yebo, singochwepheshe ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB okuthuthukisiwe sisebenzisa izinto ezivame kakhulu njenge-laminate ekhethekile ephansi yokulahlekelwa kanye ne-Isola laminates ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zamadivayisi e-WiFi 6 kanye ne-WiFi 7.

• Ingabe uyanikezela ngezinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa ze-PCB zamadivayisi anikwe amandla i-WiFi?
  Nakanjani. Sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza nezokuhlanganisa ze-PCB eyodwa-stop, siqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezingxenye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingenantambo zesivinini esikhulu.

• Ngingaqinisekisa kanjani ubuqotho besignali ye-WiFi PCB yami?
  Ochwepheshe bethu bagxile ekulawuleni okunembayo okuqondile, umzila wokulandela umkhondo othuthukisiwe, nezinto ezithuthukisiwe zokuqinisekisa ukulahleka kwesignali okuncane nokuhlanekezela kuma-PCB akho emvamisa ephezulu.

• Sithini isikhathi sakho sokuhola sokwenza i-WiFi PCB?
  Izikhathi zokuhola ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi nevolumu ye-oda lakho. Xhumana nathi ngezimfuneko zakho ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinembile.

• Ungakwazi yini ukusiza ukuthuthukisa idizayini yama-WiFi PCB ami akhona?
  Yebo, sihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ze-DFM (Design for Manufacturability) ukuze uthuthukise umklamo wakho ukuze usebenze kangcono, izindleko eziphansi, nokukhiqiza okusheshayo.