Castellated PCB: Yakakosha Inotungamira kune Module Kubatanidzwa & DFM

1. Nhanganyaya: Kutsanangura iyo Modular Edge

A castellated PCB ibhodhi redunhu rine hafu-yakapfatwa maburi padivi peiyo perimeter, yakanyatso kugadzirwa kuti igone kugonesa solder-on-board module yekubatanidza. Aya akasarudzika akatemerwa edges-ayo anonziwo castellations kana hafu-maburi-inoshandura madiki-module kuita akajairwa SMT zvikamu zvinokwira zvakananga pamabhodhi anotambira kuburikidza nereflow soldering. Iyi dhizaini nzira inopa yakavimbika kuenderera kwemagetsi uye yakasimba mechaniki yekunamatira pakati pemwanasikana modules nemagungano makuru.

Gwaro iri rinobva kuHighleap Electronics rinopa tsananguro yezvimiro, zvakakosha zvinodiwa neDFM, magadzirirwo ekugadzira zvinhu, uye kuvimbika kutariswa kunodiwa pakubudirira kubatanidzwa kwePCB muzvigadzirwa zvako. 

2. Chii chinonzi Castellated PCB? Chimiro uye Terminology

2.1 Formal Tsanangudzo

PCB yakaumbwa nesimbi inotsanangurwa sebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine maburi ane hafu yakaputirwa pamucheto waro, rinogadzirwa nekufamba nepakati pemaburi akaputirwa ( PTHs ). Half-vias dzakaputirwa dzinobuda dzakafanana nemadziro erusvingo rwenhare rwekare, saka izwi rekuti "castellations." Castellation yega yega inopa nzvimbo inosunganidzwa inotenderera kubva pamusoro pemhangura kusvika pasi.

2.2 Kutevedzana kwekugadzira

Maitiro ekugadzira anotevera matanho matatu ekutanga: Kuchera → Plating → Routing/Milling. MaPTH akajairwa anotanga kudhirwa panzvimbo dzebhodhi, wozoiswa electroplated nemhangura. Yekupedzisira nhanho yekufambisa inocheka chaizvo nepakati pemaburi, ichiisa pachena mhangura yakapfava uye nekugadzira hunhu semi-denderedzwa yekubatanidza pads inotsanangura iyo castelated edge profile.

3. Sei Shandisa Castelled PCB Edges? Mabasa Anokosha

3.1 SMT Module Kubatanidza uye Kubatana

Castellated edges inogonesa mamodule kuiswa uye kutengeswa pamabhodhi makuru uchishandisa yakajairwa yekutora-ne-nzvimbo michina uye reflow soldering maitiro. Iyo hafu-yakapfatwa maburi inopa yepamusoro solder joint simba zvichienzaniswa nyore edge pads, sezvo solder inoumba fillet inoputira yakazaruka yemhangura barrel. Iyi matatu-dimensional yakabatana geometry inovimbisa yakavimbika kuenderera kwemagetsi uye kugadzikana kwemichina pasi pekunetseka kwekushanda.

3.2 Yakarerutswa Rework uye Maitiro Mabhenefiti

Rework Kugona

Mamodule akachekwa anogona kubviswa nekutsiviwa pasina nzira dzakaoma dzekubvisa simbi dzinodiwa pamapakeji eBGA kana QFN. Nzvimbo yekugadzirisa mhepo inopisa inobvisa module nyore nyore, uye mapedhi ebhodhi rehost anoramba aripo kuti aiswe panzvimbo imwe chete. Izvi zvinoderedza nguva yekugadzirisa simbi uye zvinovandudza goho munzvimbo dzekugadzira.

Pre-Integration Testing

Vagadziri vemodule vanogona kuyedza nemagetsi ese makiyi ekuisa / kubuda kubatanidza vasati vatumirwa. Iwo akafumurwa castellations anopa anosvikika probe mapoinzi ekusimbisa inoshanda, kuve nechokwadi kuti akaremara mamodule anoonekwa asati abatanidzwa mumusangano wekupedzisira wechigadzirwa.

3.3 Kutevedzera uye Dhizaini Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe

RF modules dzinowanzoda magetsi uye mechaniki yekuzviparadzanisa kubva kune inotambira bhodhi yezvekuteedzera bvunzo uye EMI kudzivirira. Castellated PCB kuvaka inobvumira iyo module kuti iedzwe yakazvimiririra, inosimbiswa seyakamira unit, uye yozobatanidzwa pasina kupihwazve chitupa chegungano rese munzvimbo dzakawanda.

4. Zvakajairwa Zvikumbiro zveCastellated PCBs

Castelated PCB modules anoshandiswa pane dzakasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Zvishandiso zvavo zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira:

• Mamodule ekutaurirana asina waya akadai seRF, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, uye LoRa anoshandiswa nezvikamu zveredhiyo zvakatosimbiswa kuti zvive nyore kugadzira.

• Mamodule ekushandura simba anosanganisira maDC-DC neAC-DC converters anobatsirwa nema "stable electrical interfaces" uye kuparadzaniswa nema "security circuits".

• Mamodule esystem akavharirwa akadai seMCU cores uye mamemory boards anowedzera kana kugadzirisa mashandiro esystem.

• Mabhodhi ekugadzira mifananidzo anosanganisira mabhodhi ekugadzira mifananidzo uye mabhodhi emwanasikana anokurumidza kukura kwemwana achiri mudiki.

Pamwe chete, aya maapplication anoratidza kuita kwakasiyana-siyana uye kusanganisa kunyatsoshanda kweCastellated PCB tekinoroji.

5. Castellated PCB Manufacturing Process Overview

5.1 Kuchera uye Plating (iyo PTH)

Maitiro acho anotanga nekuchera akajairwa akazara maPTH panzvimbo dzakatarwa dzemupendero. Ukobvu hwemhangura hwemhangura mukati memakomba aya hwakakosha - kusakwana plating kunotungamira kune isina kusimba castellations iyo inogona kutyoka panguva yekufambisa kana kuratidza kushomeka kwekutengesa. Mataurirwo akajairika anoda hushoma 20-25µm ukobvu hwemhangura mudhiramu.

5.2 Kufambisa kana Kugaya (Kugadzira Half-Hole)

Mushure mekuputira uye kupedzwa kwepamusoro, kunyatsoita nzira inocheka chaizvo kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzePTH. Iyi nhanho inoda yakasimba kushivirira kudzora kuchengetedza inowirirana annular mhete upamhi mukati meimwe neimwe hafu-gomba. Kutsauka kwenzira kunokonzeresa kuratidzwa kwemhangura isina kuenzana, zvichitungamira mukuremara kwekutengesa kana kushaya simba kwemuchina mune yakapera castelation.

5.3 Kupedzisa Kwepamusoro

Maburi ehafu akaputirwa anowana magumo epamusoro — kazhinji ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) kana Immersion Tin — kuti ikwanise kusungirirwa zvakanaka uye igare kwenguva refu. ENIG inopa simba rakanaka rekudzivirira oxidation uye nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzekubata, nepo Immersion Tin ichipa zvakanakira pamutengo wezvishandiso zvine zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi.

6. Key Dhizaini Zvinodikanwa zveCastellated PCBs (Yakakosha DFM Data)

6.1 Gomba Diameter uye Pitch

Hole Diameter Specifications

Yakajairika castellation gomba madhayamita kubva 0.6mm kusvika 1.2mm. Maburi madiki anonetsa kurongedza zvakavimbika uye anogona kuratidza copper voids kana makwapa matete. Makomba mahombe anopedza imwe bhodhi kumucheto real estate. Iyo 0.8mm kusvika 1.0mm dhayamita inopa yakakwana chiyero pakati pemhando yekuisa uye kugona kwenzvimbo kune akawanda maapplication.

Pitch Zvinodiwa

Minimum castellation pitch (center-to-center spacing) ye1.0mm kusvika 1.27mm (~50 mil) inokurudzirwa. Yakasimba mbiru ine njodzi yekutengesa bhiriji panguva yekuyerera, ukuwo nzvimbo yakawandisa inorasa bhodhi nzvimbo. Iyo pitch inofanirwa kubvumidza yakakodzera solder fillet kuumbwa pakati pepedyo castellations pasina bhiriji.

6.2 Annular Mhete uye Hukobvu hwemhangura

Annular Ring Kutendeseka

Mhete yemukati yemhangura inofanira kuchengetedza upamhi hwakakwana mushure mekutenderera kuti isabvaruke kubva mumhangura kuenda kumucheto. Upamhi hwemhete yeannular hushoma hwe0.15mm hunokurudzirwa. Mhete yeannular isina kukwana inoita kuti mhangura yakaputirwa ibve pasi pevhu panguva yekutenderera kana kuti pasi pekupisa.

Copper Plating Zvinodiwa

Ukobvu hweplating hwakakwana hunovimbisa kuenderera kwemagetsi kubva kumusoro kusvika kuzasi kuburikidza nehafu-gomba kumucheto. Iyo mbiya yemhangura inofanirwa kumira kushushikana kwemagetsi kwekufamba pasina kutsemuka kana kusvuura. Taura zvishoma 25µm plating ukobvu kune yakakwirira-yakavimbika maapplication.

6.3 Solder Mask uye Pad Layout

Solder Mask Clearance

Solder mask inofanira kudhonzwa kumashure ichitenderedza hafu-gomba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhangura yanyatsobuda pachena uye yakagadzirira kutengeswa. Yakajairika clearance ye 0.1mm kusvika 0.15mm kubva kucastelation edge inodzivirira mask kupindira iyo inotadzisa solder wetting uye fillet kugadzira.

Mating Pad Dhizaini

Iyo inotambira PCB's pad inofanirwa kuwedzera 0.2mm kusvika 0.3mm kupfuura iyo castlelation kumucheto kusimudzira kunyangwe solder wetting uye kukwana fillet kuumbwa. Iyi padhi yekuwedzera inopa imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yejoint solder, inovandudza kuvimbika kwemagetsi uye kusimba kwemagetsi eiyo module yekunamatira.

6.4 Kurongeka uye Routing Kushivirira

Kushivirira kwakazara kweiyo castelated PCB kunoraira kuvimbika kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Yepamusoro-chaiyo nzira (± 0.1mm kana zvirinani) yakakosha kudzivirira kusawirirana kweplating uye kuve nechokwadi chekuratidzwa kwemhangura yakafanana pane ese macastellations. Routing misalignment inokonzeresa asymmetric hafu-maburi anoratidza kusaenderana solderability uye kukanganisa mechanical simba.

7. Castellated PCB Dhizaini Yakanakisa Maitiro

7.1 Module Mechanical Simba

Govera maburi akasarudzika zvakaenzana padivi pemupendero wemodule, uchiisa maburi pamakona kuti uwedzere kusimba kwemechani yechinhu chinonamatira. Makona castellations anodzivirira torque uye anodzivirira kusimudza-module pasi pekudengenyeka kana kupisa kwekutenderera bhasikoro.

7.2 Chikamu Chengetedza-Kunze Nzvimbo

Regedza kuisa zvikamu, vias, kana twunhu twakakomba mukati me1.0mm yemupendero wecastellation. Maitiro ekufambisa anogona kukonzeresa kushushikana kwemuchina zvinokuvadza maficha ari pedyo. Kuchengetedza yakakwana clearance zvakare kunodzivirira kusvibiswa kweiyo castelled edge panguva yechikamu soldering.

7.3 SMT Alignment Features

Isa zviratidzo zvefiducial pedyo nemipendero yakapfava paPCB yemubati kuti uve nechokwadi chekuiswa kwemodule kwakanyatsojeka panguva yekubatanidzwa kweSMT otomatiki . Zvigadzirwa zvefiducial zvinogonesa masisitimu ekuona kuisa michina yekusarudza-ne-kuisa nemazvo, zvichidzivirira kusarongeka kunokonzera zvikanganiso zvesolder kana macircuit akavhurika.

8. Castellated PCB Kuvimbika uye Kuongorora

8.1 Solder Joint Kutendeseka

Iyo yekutanga yekutadza poindi mucastelated module magungano kazhinji ndiyo solder fillet. Ita shuwa yakakwana solder paste vhoriyamu kugadzira iyo concave fillet inowedzera simba rekubatana. Kuongorora kwekuona kunofanira kusimbisa kunyorova kwakazara kweiyo castellation mhangura uye yakatsetseka fillet kugadzirwa pane yekutambira pad.

8.2 Thermal Cycling Performance

Ongorora kuvimbika kwemodule pasi pekupisa bhasikoro kuti uone iyo hafu-gomba chimiro inomira kushushikana kubva kuCTE kusawirirana pakati pemodule uye host board. Iwo masoja majoini anofanirwa kugarisa mutsauko wekuwedzera pasina kutsemuka kana delamination pamusoro pechigadzirwa lifecycle.

8.3 Panelization Mafungiro

Paunenge uchibatanidza macastellated modules, ita shuwa kuti nzira yekumisikidza haiunze kudedera kwakanyanyisa kunogona kukuvadza iyo isina kusimba hafu-gomba copper plating. Kudzora-yakadzika nzira kana kugadzirisa kwakaringana kunoderedza kushushikana panguva yekuparadzaniswa kwepaneru.

9. Kuenzanisa: Castellated PCB vs. Standard Edge Pads

10. pfupiso

Castellated PCBs inomiririra iyo goridhe chiyero chepamusoro-kuvimbika, solderable module yekubatanidza, ichigonesa SMT kusangana kwemadiki-sekete seyakajairwa zvikamu. Kubudirira kunoenderana nekunyatsoteerera kumitemo yeDFM-kunyanya dhayamita yegomba, kutsanangurwa kwepitch, uye kushivirira kwenzira kunovimbisa kuchena, kwakasimba plating parutivi rwakachekwa.