Fiducial Marks paPCB: Yakazara Dhizaini & Yekuisa Gwaro

ziviso

Fiducial mamaki madiki, akafumurwa mareferensi emhangura paPCB inoshandiswa nemashini-yekuona masisitimu kurongedza mabhodhi panguva yekuiswa kweSMT. Pasina mafiducials chaiwo, pick-ne-nzvimbo michina haigone kubhadhara bhodhi rakatambanudzwa, zvikanganiso zvekutenderera, kana kudhiraivha kwakaunzwa panguva yekugadzira. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura kuti sei fiducial mamaki akakosha, saizi yakakurudzirwa uye kucheneswa, uye mitemo inoshanda yekumisikidza inoderedza zvikanganiso zvekuisa uye kugadzirisa zvakare.

Chii chinonzi Fiducial Mark?

Mucherechedzo wefiducial idenderedzwa, yakafumurwa padhi yemhangura yakakomberedzwa neinobstructed solder mask clearance zone. Iyo yakakwira-kusiyanisa interface pakati pemhangura isina uye mask inogonesa optical recognition masisitimu kumisikidza chaiyo XY marongero. Makamera emuchina-muono anoshandisa fiducial mamaki kuverenga bhodhi offset, kutenderera, uye chiyero kukanganisa usati waisa zvikamu.

Mabasa ekutanga eFiducial Marks

Fiducials dzinoshanda mabasa matatu akakosha ekugadzirisa: kugadzirisa nzvimbo (kubhadhara kusiyana kwepaneru kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe divi), kugadzirisa kutenderera (kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekona panguva yekurodha bhodhi), uye kugadzirisa chiyero (zvichienderana nekuchinja kwehukuru kubva pakushushikana kwekupisa kana kwemuchina panguva yekuyeresa).

Mhando dzeFiducial Mako uye Mashandisiro Avo

Global Fiducials

Global fiducial marks inopa yakazara-bhodhi referensi mapoinzi. Yakaiswa panzvimbo nhatu dzisiri dze-collinear (kazhinji dziri mutriangular pateni), dzinogonesa muchina wekuisa kuverenga nzvimbo, kutenderera, uye kuyera panguva imwe chete. Yese PCB inoda kuungana yakazvimiririra inofanirwa kusanganisira maviri epasi rose fiducials, asi matatu anokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.

Local Fiducials

Local fiducial mamaki akamisikidzwa padyo neakanaka-pitch zvikamu zvakaita seBGAs neQFPs ane lead spacing pazasi 0.5 mm. Izvi zvinopa kururamisa kwenzvimbo kupfuura izvo zvingagonekwa nevepasi rose fiducials, accounting for micro-scale warpage kana kutambanudza munzvimbo dzakanyanya-density. Wedzera mafiducials emunharaunda apo chikamu chinonamira chinodonha pazasi 0.5 mm kana bhora dhayamita iri pasi pe0.3 mm.

Panel Fiducials

Panel fiducial mamaki aripo pane array level kwete pane yega board level. Yakamisikidzwa panjanji inoputsika kana makona emakona, inotungamira ese SMT kuiswa uye depaneling michina. Panel fiducials inovimbisa kunyoreswa kwakafanana pamabhodhi ese ari muhurongwa panguva yekusangana uye yekuparadzanisa maitiro.

Makiyi Dhizaini Paramita uye Inokurudzirwa Values

Yakafanira fiducial mamaki zviyero zvinokonzeresa kuvimbika. Tafura iri pazasi inopfupikisa zvinotemerwa neindasitiri:

Nei Izvi Zvinokosha Zvichikosha

Iyo mask clearance ratio inovimbisa kukwana kwakakwana pakati pemhangura uye yakatenderedza laminate. Kana clearance ikawira pasi pe2 × iyo fiducial radius, zviteshi zviri padyo kana masiki edge zvinogona kukanganisa kumucheto kwekuona algorithms. Iyo 3.35 mm yemupendero clearance inogadzika mekiniki yezvishandiso nzvimbo uye inodzivirira fiducials kubva kukuvara panguva yekudhirowa.

Fiducial Mark Placement Mitemo uye Best Maitiro

Global Fiducial Placement

Isa zvibodzwa zvepasi rose mumakona matatu ePCB, uchigadzira asymmetric triangle. Regedza kuisa mafiducials pa-snap-off tabs, padhuze nepakakoromoka, kana mukati memechanicha fixture zones. Kuparadzana kwakanyanya pakati pefiducials kunonatsiridza kugadziriswa kweangular yekubhadharwa kwekutenderera.

Local Fiducial Placement

Isa zvicherechedzo zvepanzvimbo mukati me5 mm yemapedhi echikamu, ane nzvimbo dzekuchenesa dzisina copper, silkscreen, kana solder mask maficha. Kune maBGA, isa vaviri vemunharaunda fiducials pamakona akatarisana. Chengetedza chinhambwe chakazara chenzvimbo kubva kune chero chiri padyo nemhangura.

Panel Fiducial Placement

Panel fiducial mamaki anofanirwa kuoneka pamakona mana eforemu array kana pane anopikisa njanji. Paunenge uchishandisa njanji dzekuputsika, mira fiducials angangoita 5 mm kubva kune chero V-score kana tab-routed edge. Ita shuwa kuti imwe neimwe sub-bhodhi inoramba iine mukana kune yayo yega fiducials kana yakagovaniswa mapaneru fiducial panguva yese yegungano.

Nzvimbo Dzinofanira Kudzivisa

Chengetedza fiducial mamaki kure nemakomba ekushandisa, maburi ekukwira, V-grooves, uye chero dunhu riri pasi pekunetseka kwemakanika panguva yekubata. Usaise fiducials munzvimbo dzinozobviswa panguva ye depaneling.

Kugadzira uye Kufunga kweGungano

Surface Pedzisa Zvinodiwa

Zviratidzo zveFiducial zvinoda kupenya kwepamusoro -soro kuti kamera ionekwe zvakanaka. HASL, ENIG, uye immersion tin zvese zvinopa musiyano wakakwana. Kupenya kweOSP kunoshanda asi kunogona kuratidza mwero wekuona wakaderera kana oxidation ikaitika. Ita shuwa kuti ukobvu hwekupedzisira hunoramba hwakafanana pamifananidzo yese - kusiyana kunopfuura 5 μm kunogona kukanganisa kutsanangurwa kwemucheto.

Solder Mask uye Stencil Kudyidzana

Fiducial mamaki anofanirwa kuramba asina zvachose kubva kune solder mask coverage. Tsanangura fiducials seanotengeswa masiki kuvhurwa muCAD library yako kudzivirira kufukidzwa netsaona. Stencil apertures haafanire kusanganisa nzvimbo dzefiducial zvachose-namira madhipoziti pane fiducials inoderedza kuzivikanwa kwechokwadi.

Troubleshooting Vision System Kukundikana

Kutadza kuzivikanwa kwakajairwa kunobva mukusvibiswa (zvinosara, maoiri ekubata), oxidation (kunyanya paOSP inopera), mipendero yemasiki isingaenderane (yakavhurika kana kusarongeka yakavhurwa), uye isina-uniform plating. Ongorora mafiducials pasi pekukurisa kana michina yekuisa inoshuma yakadzokororwa zvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa. Chenesa mabhodhi ane IPA kana hutachiona huchifungidzirwa.

Panel Fiducial Mako Kufunga

Sub-Board Fiducial Retention

Pakurongedza mabhodhi , iva nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi rega rega rinochengetedza zviratidzo zvefiducial zvinoshanda mushure mekupatsanurwa. Kana kurongeka kwebhodhi kuchibvisa fiducials dzepakutanga dzebhodhi nerail inoputika, wedzera fiducials dzisina basa mukati mebhodhi iyo ichagara iripo.

Manufacturer-Chaiyo Zvinodiwa

Vakasiyana EMS vanopa vanotsanangura akasiyana mapaneru fiducial nzvimbo. Zvimwe zvinoda fiducials pamakona mana emapuranga emapuranga; vamwe vanobvuma vaviri vanopikisana. Simbisa zvinodiwa nemumwe wako wepagungano usati wapedza marongerwo epaneru. Rail-yakamisikidzwa fiducials inofanirwa kugara inokwana 2 mm mukati memucheto wechitima kudzivirira kukuvara kubva mukubata michina.

Common Fiducial Mark Errors

Kukanganisa 1: Undersized kana Masked Fiducials

Fiducials idiki pane 0.8 mm kana chikamu chakavharwa ne solder mask inotadza kuzivikanwa cheki. Masisitimu ekuona anoda mashoma mapixel kuverenga kuti avimbike kumucheto kwekuona. Gara uchisimbisa kuvhurwa kwemaski muGerber inobuda isati yaburitswa.

Error 2: Edge Proximity Kutyorwa

Fiducials akaiswa mukati me3 mm yebhodhi mipendero yengozi kukuvara kubva kunzira mabits kana V-score blades. Chikanganiso ichi chinowanzoitika kana mabhodhi akagadziridzwa pakupera kwedhizaini kutenderera pasina fiducial repositioning.

Kukanganisa 3: Zviyero Zvisingaenderani

Kusanganisa fiducial madhayamita (semuenzaniso, 1.0 mm yepasirese ne1.5 mm yemuno) inovhiringa maalgorithms epatani. Chengetedza zviyero zveyunifomu kune ese fiducial mamaki pane imwechete bhodhi kana panhi.

Error 4: Clearance Zone Kutyorwa

Silkscreen mavara, marogo, kana kuronda nzira mukati meiyo maski clearance zone zvinodzikisira kumucheto. Mitemo yekugadzira inofanirwa kusimbisa kutyorwa kwemvumo sezvikanganiso zveDRC.

Kukanganisa 5: Panel Separation Kukuvara

Fiducials akamisikidzwa padyo kana padyo ne-tab-nzira yekubatanidza inogona kuparadzwa panguva yekudhirowa. Simbisa kupona kwechokwadi mushure mekuparadzana nekuongorora mapaneru ekufambisa nzira.

DRC uye Dhizaini Yekutarisa yeFiducial Marks

Mutemo weDRC unoshanda unobatsira kuona kuti zviratidzo zvako zvekuvimbika zvinogara zvichigadzirwa uye zvinoverengwa nemuchina:

• Dhayamita yeFiducial inofanira kuva 1.0–3.0 mm , uye dhayamita yemukati mebhodhi inofanira kushivirira ≤ 25 μm.

• Kubviswa kwemasiki esimbi kunofanira kunge kuri 2 × nharaunda yefiducial.

• Daro diki kubva pakati pePCB kusvika kumucheto wePCB (kusanganisira nzvimbo yekubvisa) rinofanira kuva ≥ 3.35 mm.

• PCB yega yega inofanira kunge iine zvinhu zviviri zvepasi rose , nepo zvitatu zvichipa kurongeka kwakasimba.

• Zvishandiso zvemuno zvinodiwa mukati me5 mm kubva pane chero chinhu chine pitch < 0.5 mm.

• Hapana zvinhu zvemask zvemhangura, silkscreen, kana solder zvingaonekwa munzvimbo yekubviswa kwechinhu.

Kushandisa zvinodiwa izvi muzvirongwa zvako zveEDA DRC kunoita kuti PCB ishande zvakanaka panguva yekubatanidzwa kweSMT.

Case Studies

Kushandisa Kubudirira

A mana-layer control board yeindasitiri otomatiki yaisanganisira matatu 1.0 mm epasirese fiducials mune L-pattern uye maviri emuno fiducials ari padyo ne0.4 mm pitch BGA. Goho rekutanga-pasi rakapfuura 99.7% pazvikamu gumi, 10,000. Dhizaini yakagoverwa 3.0 mm mask clearance uye yakachengetedza 4.0 mm mupendero spacing-inopa muganho kupfuura zvishoma zvinodiwa.

Kukundikana Kuongorora

Iyo prototype inomhanya yemutengi IoT mudziyo yakasangana negumi neshanu muzana kurambwa kwekuiswa nekuda kwekutadza kuzivikanwa kwekuzivikanwa. Kuferefeta kwakaratidza 0.8 mm fiducials ine chete 15 × radius clearance, yakasanganiswa neOSP kupera iyo yakange yave oxidized panguva yekuchengetedza. Respin ne 1.0 mm fiducials, ENIG kupera, uye 2.5 × clearance yakabvisa zvikanganiso zvese zvekuzivikanwa.

mhedziso

Zviratidzo zveFiducial zvakakosha pakugadzira PCB otomatiki . Kushandiswa kwayo kwakakodzera kunoda kutarisisa kusarudzwa kwedhayamita, zviyero zvekubvisa, geometry yenzvimbo, uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo. Kuisa nguva mukugadzira kwakakodzera kwefiducial kunodzivirira kugadzirisa kunodhura uye kurasikirwa negoho. Kune mainjiniya ari kutsvaga kugadzirwa kwakavimbika uye kubatanidza, zvirevo zvefiducial zvinosimbiswa zvinofanirwa kuve chikamu chekutarisa kwega kwega kwekugadzira.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ini ndinoda fiducial mamaki emabhodhi ane divi rimwe chete?
Ehe. Kunyangwe mabhodhi ane divi rimwe chete anobatsirwa kubva kune fiducial mamaki kana uchishandisa otomatiki SMT kuiswa. Pasina fiducials, michina inotsamira chete pakuonekwa kwebhodhi, izvo zvinounza hukuru hwekusagadzikana kwenzvimbo.

Ndeipi saizi fiducial yandinofanira kushandisa ye0.5 mm pitch BGA?
Shandisa 1.0 mm dhayamita fiducials ine inokwana 2 × radius mask clearance. Wedzera maviri emunharaunda mafiducials pamakona diagonal eiyo BGA tsoka mukuwedzera kune yako yepasirese fiducials.

Ingani fiducials inoda pani?
Mapaneru anofanirwa kusanganisira mafiducials pamakona maviri anopokana efuremu, kunyangwe mana-makona kuiswa kunodiwa. Imwe neimwe sub-bhodhi inofanirwawo kuchengetedza yayo yepasirese fiducials mushure mekudhirowa.

Ko silkscreen inogona kushandiswa sefiducial?
Kwete Silkscreen inoshaya reflection uye dimensional chaiyo inodiwa pakuona muchina. Mhangura yakafumurwa chete ine yakakodzera pamusoro pekupedzisira inopa kuzivikanwa kwakavimbika.

Chii chinokonzera fiducial recognition kukundikana?
Zvinowanzokonzeresa zvinosanganisira oxidation, kusvibiswa, undersized clearance zones, mask encroachment, uye kusaenderana plating ukobvu. Chenesa mabhodhi uye simbisa kuvhurwa kwemasiki kana kutadza kukaitika.