Maitiro Ekugadzira Mafaira eGerber Ekugadzira PCB

Mafaira eGerber ndiwo data rinoshandiswa neunyanzvi kugadzira bhodhi rako, uye kuagadzira nemazvo ndiyo nhanho iri pakati pekugadzira kwapera uye kurongeka kunogadzirwa. Maitiro acho akafanana muzvishandiso zveEDA - gadzira Gerber padanho rega rega pamwe nefaira reNC drill, wobva wazvisimbisa - asi ruzivo nemaitiro akasiyana, uye zvikanganiso zvidiki pano zvinokonzera kunonoka chaiko. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura maitiro ekugadzira seti yakakwana, yakarurama yeGerber, zvekutarisa usati waitumira, uye kuti Highleap Electronics inoongorora sei data rako usati wavaka.

1. Ndeapi mafaira anoumba pasuru yakazara yeGerber?

Pakeji yakazara yeGerber ifaira rimwe chete reGerber padanho rega rega — copper, solder mask, uye silkscreen layer, pamwe ne board outline uye paste layers — pamwe chete neNC drill file inotsanangura buri rega rega. Pasina seti yakazara, fab haigone kuvaka bhodhi rako, uye layer isipo (kazhinji faira re solder-mask kana paste) ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoita kuti quote stalls dzirambe dziripo.

Kune bhodhi richabatanidzwawo, faira reGerbers nedhiri zvinobatanidzwa nedata rekuunganidza: bhiri rezvinhu zvine nhamba dzezvikamu zvemugadziri, faira rekusarudza-ne-nzvimbo (centroid), uye dhizaini yekuunganidza. Makambani mazhinji ikozvino anogamuchirawo ODB++ , seti imwe chete yedata yakangwara inounganidza ruzivo rwese rwelayer nedhiri uye inobvisa kusanzwisisika kwakawanda kwemazita elayer kunogona kuunzwa neGerbers. Mufananidzo wakakwana wezvinodiwa nemugadziri unoratidzwa muongororo iyi yemafaira ekugadzira ePCB.

2. Maitiro ekugadzira mafaira eGerber muAltium, KiCad, uye EAGLE

Kuti ugadzire maGerber, shandisa basa rekugadzira-kuburitsa reEDA tool yako — Fabrication Outputs muAltium, Plot muKiCad, kana CAM Processor muEAGLE — sarudza ma layers ekubuditsa kunze, wobva wagadzira faira reNC drill zvakasiyana. Kuyerera kwacho kwakafanana mu spirit pama tools; mazita emenyu ne defaults zvinosiyana:

• Mugadziri weAltium. Vhura PCB, wobva waFaira → Zvekugadzira → Mafaira eGerber; sarudza mayuniti uye kunyatsojeka, sarudza ma layers, uye gadzira NC drill zvakasiyana.
• KiCad. Mumupepeti wePCB, Faira → Plot kuti ubudise maGerbers ezvikamu zvasarudzwa, wobva wati "Gadzira Mafaira Ekugadzira." KiCad inewo chioni chakavakirwa mukati (GerbView) kuti utarise mhedzisiro.
• GONDHO. Shandisa CAM Processor ine basa reRS-274X CAM; cherechedza kuti kazhinji silkscreen yepamusoro ndiyo inotumira zvinhu kunze, saka wedzera silkscreen yepasi kana bhodhi rako richiida.

Chero chishandiso chaunoshandisa, musimboti wacho wakafanana: tumira kunze jira rega rega rinodiwa pamwe nefaira rekudhirowa, muchimiro chemazuva ano, nemagadzirirwo akafanana. Mafaira akafanana ndiwo anoita kuti chero munhu agadzire bhodhi pasinei nechishandiso chekugadzira - uye basa guru reinjiniya weCAM anodya data rako rakakodzera kunzwisiswa, nekuti basa ravo nderekushandura mafaira aya kuita chivakwa.

3. Magadzirirwo ekutumira kunze kweGerber anodzivirira zvikanganiso zvekugadzira

Magadzirirwo ekutumira kunze anodzivirira zvikanganiso ndeaya: shandisa fomati yeRS-274X (kana X2), sarudza mayuniti akafanana uye kunyatsojeka kwedecimal, sanganisira ma layers ese anodiwa, uye chengeta faira rekudhirowa rakaenderana nekwakabva maGerbers. Matambudziko mazhinji e "wrong board" anodzokera kune imwe yeaya magadzirirwo kwete dhizaini pachayo. Zvinzwisise:

• Format. Shandisa RS-274X yemazuva ano (kana X2 itsva), iyo inoisa data re aperture, pane mafomati ekare anoda mafaira akasiyana e aperture.
• Zvikamu uye kunyatsorongeka. Sarudza inch kana millimeter nguva dzose mumafaira ese, uine decimal chaiyo yakakwana kuti uwane maficha akanakisa - kusawirirana kwemayuniti kunogona kukwidza bhodhi rese.
• Seti yakazara yezvikamu. Tumira kunze kwese kwe copper, mask, silkscreen, paste, uye outline layer; simbisa kuti hapana chakambodzimwa.
• Kurongeka kwechibooreso. Gadzira chibooreso cheNC kubva pamavambo akafanana kuitira kuti maburi agare pamwe chete nemhangura.

Sarudza ODB++ uko fab yako inoitsigira, sezvo kubatanidza data mudataseti imwe chete kunodzivisa boka rese rezvikanganiso zvekutumidza mazita uye kugadzirisa izvo mafaira eGerber anorasikirwa nazvo.

4. Maitiro ekutarisa mafaira ako eGerber usati waatumira

Gara uchivhura maGerber ako akagadzirwa mu viewer yakazvimirira usati waatumira, uye simbisa kuti ma layers ese aripo, hapana chakatariswa, drill inoenderana nema pads, uye bhodhi rakanyorwa zvakanaka. Kutarisa kwemukati kwe EDA tool yako hakuna kufanana nezvinogashirwa nefekitori, saka kuongorora kwekunze nekukurumidza ndiyo inishuwarenzi yakachipa pane ese mafambisirwo ebasa. Simbisa:

• Maturikirwo ese aripo — jira rega rega remhangura, chifukidzo, uye silkscreen rinotumirwa kunze kwenyika sezvaitarisirwa.
• Hapana zvidimbu zvakaratidzwa — silkscreen yepamusoro inoverenga nemazvo kubva kumusoro.
• Kurongeka kwechibooreso — maburi anowira pamapedhi avo ane saizi dzakakodzera.
• Rondedzero yakarurama uye chiyero — Bhodhi rine saizi yakakodzera ine zvidimbu zvakachekwa paunoda.

Kubata chifukidziro chakafanana kana chifukidziro chisipo kunoshandura chikamu chakaraswa kuita mhinduro yemaminitsi maviri. Tsananguro yekuti sei izvi zvichikosha, uye kuongorora zvakadzama fomati yacho, iri mugwaro rakazara remafaira eGerber.

5. Zvikanganiso zvemafaira eGerber zvakajairika uye maitiro ekuzvigadzirisa

Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoonekwa paGerber zvinosanganisira layer isipo, layer ine mirror, mayuniti kana scale mismatch, faira redrill risina kumira zvakanaka, uye ma apertures asina kuoneka kubva mufomati yekare - uye anenge ese ari zvikanganiso zvekuisa kunze kwenyika, kwete zvikanganiso zvekugadzira. Nekuti hazvionekwe mukati meCAD tool yako uye zvinongoonekwa muviewer kana pa fab, kuziva kugadzirisa kwega kwega kunochengetedza respin:

Tsika imwe chete inodzivisa zvinenge zvese izvi ndeyekuvhura seti yakatumirwa mu viewer yakazvimirira uye kusimbisa ma layers, mirroring, drill alignment, uye outline usati watumira. Kuchinja kuenda kuODB++ kunobvisa zvachose ma missing-aperture uye layer-naming categories, sezvo data racho rakaunganidzwa mu dataset imwe chete yakangwara. Matambudziko asara - uye mazhinji ayo Gerbers asingakwanise kuratidza, senge marginal spacing - anobatwa neDFM checks yemugadziri wemifananidzo isati yagadzirwa bhodhi.

6. Maitiro anoita Highleap kuongorora Gerbers yako isati yavaka

Highleap inovhura uye inoongorora data rako reGerber nedrill usati wavaka - ichisimbisa kuti ma layers ese aripo, hapana chakatariswa, madrill anorongeka, uye dhizaini yacho inogadzirwa - yobva yaratidza chero chinhu chingakonzera kuvharika. Iyi inyaya yechipiri yekuchengetedza pamusoro pekutarisa kwako kwevaoni, uye kune magadzirirwo akavanzika iongororo yakavanzika yemukati meimba kwete kurodha pachena.

Kubva ipapo mafaira akafanana akasimbiswa anotungamira kugadzirwa uye, pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, kuungana, saka ese anoshanda kubva pakugadziriswa kumwe chete. Ongororo yekugadzira isati yagadzirwa inobata matambudziko ayo Gerbers chete isingaratidze, akadai semarginal spacing kana tsoka isingaungane zvakanaka. Tumira seti yeGerber yakachena, yakatariswa nevaoni (kana ODB++) ine faira rekudhirowa, bhodhi, stackup, uye huwandu, uye mutengo nekuvaka zvinoenderera mberi pasina kudzokera shure nekudzoka kuburikidza ne turnkey assembly.

7. Kugadzira mafaira eGerber Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndingavhura uye ndinoona sei mafaira eGerber?

Isa zvese muGerber viewer — zvishandiso zvakawanda zveEDA zvinosanganisira chimwe (KiCad ine GerbView), uye kune ma viewer akazvimirira neepamhepo. Wedzera ma layers ese pamwe ne drill file mukunyoresa, wobva wachinja layers wochinja ma views ekumusoro/pasi kuti uongorore.

Zvinorevei RS-274X, uye zvakasiyana sei neRS-274D?

RS-274X ndiyo fomati yemazuva ano yeGerber "yakatambanudzwa" inoisa tsananguro dzema "aperture" mukati mefaira rega rega. RS-274D yekare yaida runyorwa rwakasiyana rwema "aperture", iyo yaive sosi yezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika, saka RS-274D haichashandiswi uye haifanirwe kushandiswa.

Ndinofanira kuvhura mafaira angu eGerber ndisati ndaatumira here?

Ehe — rongedza zvese zviri muchikamu chechikamu chechikamu nefaira rekuboorera pamwe chete muchikamu chimwe chete chekuchengetedza kuitira kuti pasave nechinhu chinorasika kana kuparadzaniswa mukufambisa. Chengeta mazita emafaira echishandiso chako, uye isa mepu pfupi yechikamu chechikamu kana paine mazita asiri pachena.

Faira rekuboorera riri chikamu cheGerbers here kana kuti rakasiyana?

Ifaira remhando yeNC drill (Excellon) rakasiyana, harisi Gerber layer, asi chikamu chepakeji yese yekugadzira. Rinofanira kunge rakafanana neGerbers kuitira kuti maburi agare zvakanaka nemhangura.

Ndinogona kugadzira mafaira eGerber nesoftware yemahara here?

Ehe — KiCad haina muripo, inovhura maturusi, uye inotumira mafaira akajairwa eGerbers nemadrill, sezvinoitawo mamwe maturusi akasununguka. Nekuti zvinobuda zvacho zvakafanana, bhodhi rakagadzirwa musoftware yemahara rinogona kuvakwa nechero mugadziri.

Ndinofanira kugadzira maGerber here kana ndikatumira ODB++?

Kwete — ODB++ idata rese rakagadzirwa roga, rinounganidza ma layers ese nedata rekuboorera, saka haudiwo maGerber akasiyana. Tumira ODB++ uko fab yako inoitsigira; zvikasadaro tumira seti yakazara yeGerber pamwe nefaira rekuboorera.