Maitiro Ekuita PCB CAM Injiniya Basa?

MaPCB chikamu chakakosha mumidziyo yemazuva ano yemagetsi, uye magadzirirwo awo chaiwo akakosha pakushanda uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo iyi. Vagadziri vePCB vanoshandisa akati wandei eComputer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) maitiro kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti maPCB anofanana neaya ekutanga dhizaini. Mugwaro rino rakazara, isu tichaongorora mukati mekuoma kwePCB CAM tooling, tichivhara matanho akakosha, kufunga, uye maitiro akanaka anobatanidzwa mukugadzirira dhizaini yekugadzira.

PCB CAM: Iko Kukosha Kwekutarisa Kwakadzika muInjiniya Mafaira Kugadzira Maitiro

Kana isu tikagamuchira mifananidzo yeakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB), yedu PCB engineering faira dhizaini inotanga nekunyatsoongorora uye kugadzirisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinoenderana nedhizaini yekutanga. Chikwata chedu chine ruzivo chinonyatso tarisisa chikamu chega chega chegadziro, uye kana paine zvisizvo zvikaonekwa, tinotora matanho anodiwa kuti tijekese zvinangwa zvemugadziri tisati taenda kumberi, tive nechokwadi chechokwadi mukati memaitiro ese ekugadzira.

Sezvo magadzirirwo ePCB dzimwe nguva aine zvinhu zvisingagoneke kugadzirwa, tinopa ongororo yemahara yeDesign For Manufacturing ( DFM ) neodha yega yega tisati taiburitsa kuti igadziriswe. Tichishandisa ruzivo rwedu rwakakura nemaseti akasiyana-siyana emitemo yekugadzira uye mapakeji esoftware, tinoshanda kuti tione nekugadzirisa matambudziko angangoitika. Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chinowanzo pedza maawa matatu tichiongorora, tichienzanisa, uye tichigadzirisa dhizaini yega yega panguva yekugadzira mafaira einjiniya ePCB kuitira kuti bhodhi rako rinyatsotevedzera zvinodiwa, zvichikonzera maPCB emhando yepamusoro anosangana kana kupfuura zvinotarisirwa.

PCB CAM: Ongororo yeCAM Yese Yekutarisa YeBare Board Kugadzirwa

Rondedzero yako yekuongorora CAM mukugadzira bhodhi risina chinhu igwara rakazara rekuona kuti mabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa ( PCBs ) anogona kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Heino kupatsanurwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe pane rondedzero:

1. Ongororo yeKudhinda kweKugadzirwa:
   • Iva nechokwadi chekuti madhizaini ekudhirowa anoenderana nezvose zvekutengesa odha uye iyo Gerber mafaira.
   • Ita shuwa kuti zvese zvakatemwa mudhirowa yekugadzira zvinogoneka.
   • Tarisa kana zviyero zviri mudhirowa zvinoenderana nezviyero chaizvo mudhijitari faira.
   • Tarisa kune chero mirairo isina kujeka kana isingagadzirike.
2. Alignment uye File Verification:
   • Simbisa kuvapo kwemafaira ese anodiwa edhijitari uye ona kuti akazara.
   • Rongedza uye tungamira maseru ese nemazvo.
3. Copper Layers:
   • Ona kuti kupatsanurwa pakati pezvinhu zvemhangura kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhangura hunodiwa.
   • Ita shuwa kuti mhangura haisi kupindirana nemupendero webhodhi kunze kwekunge iri maune.
   • Tarisa kune chero akafa-ekupedzisira trace zvidimbu zvinogona kukonzera nyaya.
   • Bvisa chero zviratidziro zvebhodhi kana ruzivo rwekunze kunze kwebhodhi perimeter.
   • Skerera kumusoro maficha emhangura kuverengera etch uye plating maitiro.
   • Enzanisa faira rekuboorera kune rekunze remhangura kuti uone kuti maburi akavharidzirwa ane copper yakakwana yakaapoteredza.
   • Kana zvigunwe zvegoridhe zviripo, wedzera marata kuti uzvisungirire kubhawa yebhazi ye electrolytic hard gold plating process.
   • Pamitsetse yemukati, bvisa isingashande mhangura mapedhi akatenderedza vias asingabatanidzi kune layer.
4. Solder Mask:
   • Rongedza solder mask kuzvimba kusangana ne4mil - 5mil oversize mask clearance (2mil kusvika 2.5mil padivi pechinhu chemhangura).
   • Tarisa kuti pane nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pemhangura maficha ekudhinda madhamu emasiki.
   • Ongorora bhodhi pane chero zvingangoshaikwa masiki yemvumo uye mibvunzo yemvumo inoita seisina kunaka.
   • Bvisa chero zviratidziro zvebhodhi kana ruzivo rwekunze kunze kwebhodhi perimeter.
5. Silkscreen:
   • Wona kuti silk sikirini yehupamhi uye urefu hwemavara zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma zvekudhinda zvinonzwisisika.
   • Gadzirisa kana kutamisa sirika skrini zvinhu zviri padyo nenzvimbo inotengeswa.
   • Bvisa chero zviratidziro zvebhodhi kana ruzivo rwekunze kunze kwebhodhi perimeter.
6. Drill File:
   • Simbisa kuti zvibooreso zvakanangidzirwa mukati memhangura pads.
   • Tarisa pane chero zviboora zvibodzwa zvisipo.
   • Delete duplicate drill hits.
   • Ita shuwa kuti kushivirira kwegomba kwakatsanangurwa nemutengi kunowanikwa (IPC Kirasi 2 Standard: +/- 3mil yePlated through Holes (IPC Class XNUMX Standard)PTH) uye +/-2mil yeZvisina-Plated Through Holes (NPTH)).
   • Tarisa kuti kumucheto-kune-kumucheto kwezvibhorani kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma.
   • Enzanisa dhiri chati uye mepu yekudhirowa kune chaiyo CNC yekudhirowa faira kana wapihwa.

Nekutevera iyi yekutarisa, unogona kubatsira kuona kuti PCB dhizaini yakagadzirira kugadzirwa, kuderedza zvingangoitika panguva yekugadzira.

Chii chinoitwa nePCB CAM Engineer?

Yako yekuwedzera yekutarisa zvinhu zvebhodhi rondedzero, UL/Date Code/94V-0/RoHS mamaki, uye cheki yemabhodhi akawanda zvinopa humwe humbowo pakuongorora kweCAM uye maitiro ekugadzira maPCB. Heino kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu izvi:

Board Outline

• Iva nechokwadi chekuti bhodhi rondedzero inoenderana nekudhirowa kwekugadzira uye kurongeka kwekutengesa.
• Ziva kumucheto kwechokwadi kwechinyorwa uchishandisa pakati pemutsara wakashandiswa kuchidhirowa.
• Kana akaturikidzana akawanda erondedzero akapihwa, shandisa iyo .GM1 layer kana imwe mechanic layer seyakanyatso pepa. Shandisa .GKO layer chete kana pasina imwe rondedzero yakapihwa.
• Wedzera chero akachekwa kana slots anodiwa pakufambisa kune mechanical board outline layer.
• Gadzira iyo CNC nzira faira yekufambisa bhodhi.

UL/Date Code/94V-0/RoHS Markings:

• Wedzera UL/Date Code/94V-0/RoHS mamaki kubhodhi kana wakumbirwa nemutengi.
• Kana pasina chikumbiro chaitwa, iyo default ndeyekusawedzera mamwe mamark.

Kuwedzera Cheki paMultilayer Boards:

• Tarisa kuti kutevedzana kwemutsetse kunopihwa kune multilayer board.
• Ita shuwa kuti iyo yakatsanangurwa stack-up (inodzorwa dielectric) inogona kusangana nezvinhu zviri paruoko.
• Kune inodzorwa impedance, simbisa maverengero uye kurudzira shanduko kuti usangane neinongedzo yechinangwa.

Kugadzira Arrays (Panera):

• Tevedzera zvinodiwa nevatengi zvekushongedza dhizaini kuita hurongwa hwekugadzira otomatiki.
• Wedzera njanji dzekushandisa, fiducials, maburi ekushandisa, zvibodzwa, uye tebhu nzira sezvinodiwa kune array.
• Panelize paste (stencil) layers seruremekedzo rwekugadzira stencil. Ongorora zvidimbu izvi zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo pasina kugadzirisa kunoitwa kwazviri.

Kugadzira Faira (Yakagadzirwa / Inoshanda Faira):

• Mushure mekuongorora kwese uye kugadzirisa, gadzira iyo yakapera "kushanda faira" yekugadzira.
• Isa iyi faira rekushanda kune sevha uye tumira email ine download link kune mutengi.

Kuedza Kwemagetsi uye Kugovera Mafaira:

• Mabhodhi ese anoedzwa magetsi zvichibva pane yakagadziridzwa netlist inogadzirwa kubva kune yekutanga faira.
• Kana IPC netlist ikapihwa, inofananidzwa neGerber kuona kuti hapana mutsauko.
• Igovera mafaira akakodzera kumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira kugadzirira kugadzirwa.

Aya matanho anovimbisa kuti PCB dhizaini yakanyatsoongororwa, inogadziridzwa sezvinodiwa, uye yakagadzirirwa kugadzira zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi uye indasitiri zviyero. Iyi nzira yakazara inobatsira kuderedza zvikanganiso uye inovimbisa kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro PCBs.Izvi zvinongova sumo kuhuwandu hwehuwandu hwebasa reCAM. Tevere, isu tichakurukura nezve CAM mafambiro uye zvirimo zvakadzama.

Yakadzama CAM Yebasa Zvemukati

Tarisa kana chirongwa chacho chiri chokwadi?

Iyo yekumisikidza maitiro emafaira eGerber anotumirwa neimwe PCB odha inovimbisa kuti mafaera akamisikidzwa uye anoenderana nePCB panelization uye maitiro ekugadzira. Heano matanho ekutanga anobatanidzwa mune iyi normalization maitiro:

1. Kupazve mazita eGerber Files:
   • Remekedza mafaera eGerber kuti aenderane neyakajairwa yekupa zita rekambani yako. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kuenderana uye kujeka mukutarisira faira.
2. Kutarisa Kuvepo kweFaira:
   • Tarisa uone kuti ese anodiwa maGerber mafaera aripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira mafaera ezvikamu zvakasiyana, solder mask, silkscreen, drill mafaira, uye chero mamwe mafaera akakodzera anodiwa pakugadzira.
3. Kupinza muCAM Software:
   • Ngenisa maGerber mafaera uye NC yekuchera mafaera muCAM (computer-yaibatsira kugadzira) software, senge: cam350, genesis2000, ucam,Incam, etc. Iyi nhanho yakakosha pakuwedzera kugadzirisa uye kuongorora.
4. Kuongorora Zvinodiwa:
   • Enzanisa zvirevo zvePCB board zvakapihwa muhurongwa nedata rinopihwa mumafaira eGerber. Ita shuwa kuti izvo zvakatemwa zvinopindirana kudzivirira kusawirirana mumagadzirirwo ekugadzira.
5. Kuongorora Kuenderana Kwekugadzira:
   • Ongorora zvakatemwa uye maficha mumafaira eGerber kuti uone kuti ari mukati mekugadzira kugona kwePCB yako yekugadzira maitiro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa kutyorwa kwemitemo yekugadzira uye manufacturability nyaya.

Gadzira mambure uye simbi mesh mafaera

Gadzira mafaira enet nesimbi, uye gadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, zvidimbu zvemhangura zvenet imwe chete zvinogona kugadziriswa uye kubatanidzwa kuderedza saizi yedata. Zvishandiso zvekuisa pamusoro ( SMDs ) zvinogona kugadziriswa nekushandura kuita mapedhi, uye hunhu hwefaira hwakati hunogona kupihwa kuSMDs nezvikamu zvebhora regrid ( BGA ) kuti zviite kuti maitiro ekugadzira aenderere mberi.

Kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kuti data rive nyore kugadziriswa nevanoongorora CAM , zvakakosha kuti pave nekuongorora kwakazara uye kugadzirisa mhangura inoratidzwa mumufananidzo.

Tsanangura hole maitiro uye wedzera drill bit size.

A. Tsanangura nemazvo maitiro egomba (kuburikidza, akaputirwa neburi (PTH), asina-plated kuburikidza neburi (NPTH)).

B. Kana mutengi asingapi madhiri mafaira, shandura iyo yakaparadzana dhiri dhirowa kuita dhiri data.

C. Paunenge uchigadzira slots, teerera kuhukuru hwavo, iyo dzimwe nguva inoratidzwa mumabhokisi ezvinyorwa.

D. Funga nezvezvinorehwa nebhodhi (semuenzaniso, ukobvu hwemasiki ekutengesa +0.15mm, kunyudzwa kwegoridhe, kupfekedza goridhe, kunyudzwa kwerata +0.1mm, maburi ese eNPTH +0.05mm).

E. Funga chero zvakakosha zvinodiwa kubva kune mutengi.

F. Shandisa mudhirowa wakasiyana kuti utarise zvinhu zvakaita semakomba akawandisa, mashoma, akawandisa, kana asina kukwana, pamwe nekusarongeka kwegomba.

G. Optimize tepi yekubooresa.

Shandura mafirimu emukati.

A. Negative yemukati layer:

Cherechedza:
a. Yese magiraidhi anoratidzwa pane iyo yakaipa firimu inofanirwa kuiswa.
b. Saizi yekuzviparadzanisa pads (0.15-0.30mm).
c. Kuvhura saizi ye solder mask pads (yemukati layer: yakakura kupfuura gomba ne 0.2mm kana kupfuura, yekunze layer: yakakura kupfuura gomba ne0.4mm kana kupfuura, mutsara wekuvhura: 0.25mm).
d. V-cheka mhangura kubviswa pamucheto webhodhi (zvichienderana nebhodhi ukobvu).
e. Ita shuwa kuti solder mask pads akasarudzika zvachose neakatenderedza ega pads.
f. Funga nezvekudiwa kwe shrinkage factor.

B. Positive yemukati layer:

Cherechedza:
a. Bvisa standalone pads (kunze kwekunge zvatsanangurwa nevatengi zvinodiwa; kazhinji bvisa panguva yekugadzira).
b. Dzorera zviteshi (wedzera muripo wemutengo unoenderana neakasiyana copper foil ukobvu).
c. Natsiridza zviteshi (chinhambwe chiri pakati pePTH mhete uye chinhambwe pakati pemakomba, mitsvairo, uye mapadhi).
d. Wedzera misodzi.
e. Zadza madiki madiki.
f. Bvisa mukati memhangura foil (pabhodhi kumicheto uye V-yakatemwa nzvimbo).
g. Funga nezvekuisa mhangura pamipendero yemaitiro, kudzivirira V-kucheka mitsara uye maburi ekuboora.
h. Funga nezve kudiwa kwekuwedzera / kubvongodza chinhu.
i. Inner layer nzvimbo huru dzemhangura dziri pedyo nezvigunwe zvegoridhe dzinofanira kubviswa mukati nekudzika kwe 0.5mm pamwe nekwakarerekera kumucheto kwemunwe wegoridhe.

Outer layer traces

Funga usati waverenga chinyorwa: Iyo wiring iri pamufananidzo pazasi inoda kugadziridzwa kana pane dambudziko here?

• Tsvaga muripo.
• Bvisa NPTH pads.
• Natsiridza zviteshi (gomba mhete size, spacing).
• Wedzera misodzi (sezvinodiwa, kazhinji haina kuwedzerwa).
• Bvisa mhangura kubva kuNPTH uye isina-solder mask PTH maburi, uye isina-solder mask PTH maburi anofanirwa kunge aine madiki annular mhete pane saizi yegomba.
• Copper clearance size.
• Zadza madiki madiki nemapini.
• V-cheka uye bhodhi kumucheto kubviswa kwemhangura.
• Inner layer zvigunwe zvegoridhe zvinofanirwa kuvharirwa mukati munzvimbo yemunwe wegoridhe.
• Gold finger conductive waya, inotungamira, dummy zvigunwe.
• Funga chero zvakakosha zvinodiwa kubva kune mutengi.
• Kuda kuwedzera ma UL mamaki pamatehwe.
• Kana kufambisa mavara akaiswa patsvakiridzo ne0.25mm.
•  Kunyangwe kuwedzera V-cut test pads.
• Kune V-akachekwa mabhodhi, gadzira maburi eNPTH.
• Iyo yegoridhe yemunwe conductive waya inofanira kuumba nzira ine bhodhi mupendero.

Solder mask

a. Iyo solder mask hwindo rakakura zvakakwana (0.05-0.08mm yakakura kupfuura trace pad)?
b. Pane here kuoneswa kuri pachena? Ita shuwa kuti solder mask pad inosvika 0.07mm kure nekutevera.
c. Kune maburi emasiki eNPTH uye asiri ekutengesa, wedzera mhete dze annular dzakakura 0.15mm pane saizi yegomba.
d. Green solder mask mabhiriji anofanira kunge akafara 0.075mm (kune mamwe mavara, anosvika 0.1mm yakafara).
e. Pamaburi ane dhayamita ye0.8mm asina kuvharwa nehwindo, wedzera zvindori zvepagore ari madiki 0.15mm pane saizi yegomba.
f. Funga nezve solder mask yekurapa kutenderera uye ona kuti UL mamaki haana kupotsa.
g. Gadzira solder mask windows yekuvhurwa kwemunwe wegoridhe uye dummy munwe kuvhurwa.
h. Sarudza kana solder mask windows inofanirwa kugadzirwa yebvunzo pads.
i. Kune V-akachekwa mapuranga, kana chinhambwe pakati peburi-paburi uye padhi kana BGA isingasviki 0.15mm, ibate zvinoenderana.
j. Wedzera zvindori zveannular kumakomba emubatsiri uye maburi asingaputse.
k. Sarudza hunhu hwemahwindo kuburikidza-maburi uye maitiro ekubata solder mask plugging.

Silkscreen

a. Tarisa hupamhi hwemavara uye shongedza chikamu chechiyero chemavara.
b. Tarisa polarity yemavara uye uvagadzirise.
c. Tarisa kana paine mavara akatemerwa kumucheto kwebhodhi uye V-akachekwa nzvimbo.

d. Ita shuwa kuti UL maki uye ma cycle anowedzerwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, uye simbisa kuiswa kwavo maererano nemitsara yekugadzira, kudzivirira V-kucheka mitsara.
e. Ita shuwa kuti nzvimbo iri pakati pemavara nemapedhi ekutsvaga ingangoita 0.1mm kune rimwe divi.

Kugadzira kudhirowa

a. Iyo data yese inopindirana nemafaira eGerber?

b. Pane here zviitiko zveakawanda slots kana kushaikwa slots?

c. Makomba ekumisikidza akaiswa pa1.0mm uye kana maburi eNPTH achishandiswa?

d. Mipimo yose yakakwana uye yakarurama here?

e. Ukobvu hwasara mushure meV-cut hwakarurama here?

f. Zvinodiwa pamucheto wakabhenda weminwe yegoridhe ndizvo here?

Ndokumbira utarise kudhirowa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu izvi zvinomiririrwa nemazvo uye zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.

Yekupedzisira Kuongorora

Mushure mekupedza kugadzirwa kweCAM, enzanisa zvine hungwaru kuburitsa kwekupedzisira neyekutanga manyoro kuti uve nechokwadi. Simbisa mirairo yeGerber yekugadzira uye uteedzere nekunyatsoongorora DFM uchishandisa software yekuongorora kutevedzera zvakatemwa. Pamusoro pezvo, nyatso tarisisa kune chero zvinoitika zveakawandisa kana zvisipo pads.

Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, pane kusawirirana muhukuru hwerimwe remaburi ari mukati mechikamu chimwe chete. Kana saizi yegomba iri ichienderana nechati yegomba yakatarwa, munofunga kuti zvakakosha here kusimbisa nemugadziri? Kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo kana mimwe mibvunzo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kubata mainjiniya edu. Tinokurudzira zvikuru kuti muve nehurukuro. Kurukurai izvozvi.

Ita ongororo yakazara yenzira, solder mask, uye mavara akaturikidzana panguva imwe chete kuti aone chero anomalies kana zvisizvo. Iyi nzira yakazara inovimbisa kuonekwa kwehupi hupi hupi husina kunaka mukugadzira.

Ita matatu kutenderera kwetiweki kuenzanisa cheki uchishandisa software kuti uone kuti mafaera akasununguka kubva kune chero zvine chekuita netiweki. Iyi nhanho yakakosha kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwedata. Kana chero netiweki nyaya dzinozivikanwa mukutanga Gerber mafaira, nokukurumidza kusimudza RFQ kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa nyaya nenguva.

Tumira kunze mafaera egerber epanelization, gadzira mafirimu anodiwa, uye zvine hungwaru zadzisa iyo ERP data uye kugadzira zvinyorwa. Izvi zvinogonesa ruzivo rwechokwadi rwemaitiro ekugadzira anobudirira uye kufambisa kuita kwakatsetseka.

mhedziso

Mainjiniya eCAM inyanzvi dzine ruzivo rwakakura dzine basa rinoda hunyanzvi hwakakura. KuHighleap Electronics , tine timu yemainjiniya vane ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi, vese vakashanda nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emafaira eGerber. Neruzivo rwavo rwakakura mukugadzira maPCB , vanokwanisa kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvisina basa uye kuvandudza kugona kwavo.

CAM mainjiniya anowanzo kusangana nematambudziko akawanda einjiniya. Muchikamu chino, tichangonyora mashoma ematambudziko aya. Muchinyorwa chinotevera, isu tinopa yakadzama mhedziso yezvakajairika nyaya dzakasangana muCAM engineering uye nekupa optimization mazano ekugadzira.