Gerber vs ODB++ vs IPC-2581: Kusarudza PCB Manufacturing Data Package

Kusarudza pakati peGerber, ODB++, uye IPC-2581 isarudzo chaiyo yekuti unoda kupa ruzivo rwakadini rwekugadzira. Gerber inenge iri yepasi rose asi yakavakirwa padanho repamusoro, nepo ODB++ neIPC-2581 zvichibatanidza mamiriro ekugadzira akawanda kuita seti yedata yakachena yekugadzira nekubatanidza. Gwaro iri rinoenzanisa mafomati matatu ekugadzira asina kwaakarerekera, rinotsanangura kuti rimwe nerimwe ripi riri sarudzo iri nani, uye rinoratidza kuti Highleap Electronics inoshandisa sei mamwe mapakeji edata kugadzira nekubatanidza bhodhi.

1. Ndeapi mafomati emafaira anodiwa nemugadziri wePCB?

Mugadziri wePCB anoda data rekugadzira — angava mafaira eGerber pamwe nefaira reNC drill, kana fomati yese-in-one seODB++ kana IPC-2581 — uye, yekuunganidza, bhiri rezvinhu, faira rekusarudza-ne-nzvimbo (centroid), uye dhizaini yekuunganidza. Data rekugadzira rinotsanangura bhodhi risina chinhu; data rekuunganidza rinotsanangura zvinoitwa pariri uye kupi.

Mafomati aya aripo nekuti faira repurojekiti yako yeCAD rakasiyana nemidziyo uye harigadzike zvakananga, nepo aya ari mabudiro asina kwaakarerekera, akajairwa anogona kuverengwa nechero chigadzirwa. Seti yakazara inotarisirwa nemugadziri inopfupikiswa muongororo iyi yemafaira ekugadzira ePCB , uye matanho anoshanda ekuti "maitiro ekugadzira" ari mugwara rinoshanda remafaira eGerber . Chikamu chasara chechinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zviri mufomati yega yega kuitira kuti ugone kutumira pasuru yakakodzera kekutanga.

2. Chii chinonzi faira reGerber uye rine chii?

Faira reGerber ifaira re2D vector rinotsanangura jira rimwe chete rePCB — chifukidzo chayo chemhangura, chifukidzo chesolder, kana silkscreen — seseti yemaumbirwo akadhirowewa ane maburi akajeka. Gerber imwe inomiririra jira rimwe chete, saka package yakazara isina bhodhi ifolda yeGerbers (mhangura yepamusoro nepasi, zvidimbu zvemukati, zvidimbu zvese zvesolder, zvidimbu zvese zvesilkscreen, zvidimbu zvepaste, uye bhodhi) pamwe chete nefaira rakasiyana reNC drill remaburi.

Muyero wemazuva ano ndiRS-274X (uye X2 itsva), iyo inoisa tsananguro dzeaperture mukati mefaira — maGerber ekare e“RS-274D” aida runyorwa rwakasiyana rweaperture uye haachisina basa uye anowanzo kukanganisa. Nekuti layer yega yega ifaira rakasiyana rine zita raunopa, kushaya simba kukuru kweGerbers dzakajeka kusanzwisisika: layer isina mazita kana kushaikwa ndicho chikonzero chekare chekubata kwekugadzira, ndosaka seti yega yega yeGerber ichifanira kuongororwa mu viewer isati yatumira uye nei mafomati ese ari pazasi akagadzirwa. Data reGerber rinopindawo zvakananga muchikamu cheCAM apo fab inoshandura mafaira ako kuita build.

3. Gerber vs ODB++ vs IPC-2581: ndeipi fomati yakanakisisa?

Gerber ndiyo nzira yepasi rose, nepo ODB++ neIPC-2581 zviri mafomati efaira rimwe chete akangwara anobatanidza data rese re layer, drill, netlist, uye kazhinji BOM - zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kukanganisa uye sarudzo iri nani apo fab yako inovatsigira. Kuchinjana kuri pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kana hupfumi:

Kune akawanda mapurojekiti, Gerber inoshanda kwese kwese uye inoramba iri iyo yakachengeteka default. Kana mugadziri wako achibvuma, ODB++ ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nekuti kurongedza layer yega yega, drill data, uye netlist mudataset imwe chete yakangwara kunobvisa kusanzwisisika kwe layer-naming uye alignment uko kunokokwa nemafolders eGerber asina kurongeka. IPC-2581 inotevedzera chinangwa chimwe chete nechiyero chimwe chete chakavhurika, chisina kupindirana nevatengesi. Fomati yakanakisa ndiyo yakapfuma chete iyo yaunotsigira - uye kusimbisa kuti upfront inodzivirira kugadzirisa.

4. Boora, BOM, uye tora mafaira ekubatanidza

Pabhodhi rakaungana unofanirawo kupa mafaira matatu: faira reNC drill (nzvimbo yegomba rega rega, saizi, uye mamiriro aro akaputirwa), bhiri rezvinhu (chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine nhamba yechikamu chemugadziri wacho), uye faira rekusarudza-nekuisa (nzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kutenderera, uye divi). Ruzivo rwekugadzira chete runoita bhodhi risina chinhu; izvi zvinorishandura kuita PCBA yakazara. Zvinopihwa nechimwe nechimwe:

• Faira rekuboorera reNC. Inotsanangura kukura kwemakomba, makorokoto, uye mamiriro ekuputirwa kana kusaputirwa - uye chikamu cheseti yekugadzira kunyangwe yakaparadzana neGerbers.
• Bhiri rezvinhu. Inonyora chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine nhamba chaiyo yechikamu chemugadziri, kwete kukosha chete, kuitira kuti zvikamu zvigone kuwanikwa; chikamu chakakwana PCB BOM Zvakakosha pakupa mashoko akarurama uye kutenga zvinhu.
• Faira rekusarudza woisa (pakati). Inopa nzvimbo yeX/Y yechikamu chimwe nechimwe, kutenderera, uye divi rebhodhi kuitira kuti muchina wekuisa uise zvakanaka; heino maitiro ekushandisa gungano remadhiraivha efaira recentroid.
• Mufananidzo wegungano. Inoratidza polarity, pin one, fiducials, uye usazadze zvinyorwa zvisingataurwi nemafaira edata chete.

Pakeji isina kukwana yekuunganidza — maGerber asina manhamba eBOM, kana faira recentroid risipo — ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvinowanzoita kuti mutengo wekuunganidza usagone kupedzwa, saka kutumira zvese izvi pamwe chete kunoita kuti purojekiti irambe ichifambira mberi.

5. Chii chinonzi faira reGerber layer uye kuti ungaritumidza sei

Mupakeji yeGerber, faira rega rega rinomiririra chidimbu chimwe chete chebhodhi, uye mazita akajeka ndiwo anodzivisa mugadziri kufungidzira kuti faira ripi. Nekuti maGerber asina zita rekuti "iri ndiro repamusoro" kunze kwezita refaira, chirongwa chekutumidza mazita chisina kujeka kana chisina kujairika ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwacho. Pakeji yakazara ine zvidimbu zviviri, uye zvidimbu zvinowedzerwa nebhodhi rine zvidimbu zvakawanda, zvinoita seizvi:

Kuwedzerwa kwezvishandiso zveEDA kunosiyana, saka nzira yakachengeteka ndeyekuchengetedza mazita akajairwa echishandiso chako, kusanganisira readme pfupi kana layer map kana mazita asiri pachena, uye taura kurongeka kwelayer yemabhodhi e multilayer kuitira kuti ma layer emukati arongwe nemazvo. Kusanzwisisika kwemazita uku ndiko chaiko dambudziko rinobviswa neODB++ nekubatanidza layer yega yega, basa rayo, uye data rekudhirowa mudataseti imwe chete yakarongeka - ndosaka iri iyo handoff inofarirwa apo fab inotsigira. Chero chaunotumira, kuvhura package mu viewer kunosimbisa kuti ma layer akwana uye anyatsoonekwa asati asvika padanho reCAM.

6. Mashandisiro anoita Highleap mafaira ako kugadzira bhodhi

Highleap inogamuchira ruzivo rwekugadzira rwaGerber, ODB++, kana IPC-2581 pamwe chete neBOM yako, pick-and-place, uye assembly drawing, yobva yaongorora package isati yatanga kuvaka saka kugadzira neassembly work kubva pane imwe revision yakasimbiswa. Chero fomati yaunotumira, mafaira anovhurwa uye anotariswa — layers dziripo, hapana mirrored, drill aligned, BOM uye centroid consistent — uye chero chinhu chingakonzera hold chinoonekwa nekukurumidza.

Ongororo iyi idanho repachivande, riri mukati (kwete rekurodha pachena), uye rinoenderana neongororo yekugadzirwa kwayo iyo inobata matambudziko asingataurwe nemafaira chete. Kubva ipapo data rakasimbiswa rinoita kuti kugadzirwa uye kubatanidzwa kwe turnkey kuvepo, kuiswa, kuongororwa, uye kuyedzwa. Kuti uwane mutengo wakarurama kekutanga, tumira data rako rekugadzira (Gerber kana ODB++, faira reNC drill, BOM ine nhamba dzezvikamu, faira rekusarudza nekuisa, dhizaini yebhodhi, stackup, uye huwandu.

7. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa nezvemafomati efaira rePCB

Ndeipi software inovhura mafaira eGerber?

Vaoni veGerber vakatsaurirwa, muoni weEDA tool yako wakavakirwa mukati (KiCad inosanganisira GerbView), uye vaoni vedesktop nepaindaneti vakasiyana-siyana vanovhura maGerber. Isa seti yakazara yelayer pamwe nefaira rekudhirowa pamwe chete kuti uone bhodhi sezvinoita mugadziri.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pefaira reGerber nefaira reExcellon drill?

Mafaira eGerber anotsanangura zvidimbu zvebhodhi — copper, mask, silkscreen — ukuwo faira reExcellon (NC drill) richitsanangura maburi: saizi dzawo, nzvimbo dzawo, uye mamiriro azvo. Zvese zvinodiwa; faira redrill harisi Gerber layer.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peRS-274X neGerber X2?

X2 imhando yeRS-274X inowedzera hunhu hunogona kuverengwa nemuchina — senge kuti faira riri padanho ripi uye basa repad yega yega — zvichiita kuti data rinyatsotsanangura roga uye risanyanye kujeka kumugadziri asi richiramba richienderana nedata rekare.

Unogona kugadzirisa faira reGerber here?

Ehe, nesoftware yeCAM mugadziri anogona kugadzirisa maGerbers, uye vanoona vanogona kuayera nekutarisa, asi vagadziri vanofanira kuchinja CAD yekutanga votumirazve kunze kwete kugadzirisa maGerbers zvakananga, kuti dhizaini nezvinobuda zvirambe zvichienderana.

Ndingashandura sei dhizaini yangu kuita fomati yeGerber?

Hauchinji faira rekugadzira rakagadzirwa zvakananga; unotumira maGerber kubva kubasa rekugadzira-kuburitsa reEDA tool yako, iro rinogadzira Gerber padanho rega rega pamwe nefaira rekuboorera. Kubuda kwacho kusingachinji kunozoverengwa nechero mugadziri.

Mugadziri wezvinhu anogona kuvaka kubva kufaira rangu reCAD pachinzvimbo cheGerbers here?

Kazhinji hapana — mafaira eCAD emuno anoenderana nezvishandiso chete uye haasi mafomati ekugadzira. Vagadziri vanogadzira kubva padata risina kwarakarerekera: Gerber plus drill, kana seti yedata yeODB++ kana IPC-2581, iyo chero chitoro chinogona kuverenga pasinei nechishandiso chako chekugadzira.