Lead-Free Solder vs. Lead Solder: A Detailed Comparison

Sechinyakare, lead solder yanga iri yekuenda-kune sarudzo yekunaka kwayo magetsi conductivity uye yakaderera kunyungudika. Zvisinei, nekukura kunetseka pamusoro pehutano uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, lead-free solder yave ichiwedzera kufarirwa. Iyi blog inodonhedza mukuenzanisa kwakadzama pakati pe lead uye lead-isina solder, kuongorora zvivakwa zvavo, mashandisiro, uye maitiro pane ese ari maviri maitiro ekugadzira uye nharaunda yakakura. Kunzwisisa mutsauko uyu kwakakosha kune vagadziri, hobbyists, uye nyanzvi mukuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mumaitiro avo ekutengesa.

Chii chinonzi Lead Solder?

Lead solder isimbi alloy inonyanya kuumbwa nemutobvu (Pb) netin (Sn), ine nziyo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dziri 60/40 (60% tin, 40% lead) kana 63/37 (63% tin, 37% lead). Iyi chaiyo alloy yave yakakosha mukugadzira zvemagetsi kwemakumi emakore nekuda kwekusangana kwayo kwakasarudzika kwezvivakwa zvinonyatso kuenderana nekutengesa maitiro.

Hunhu Hunokosha hweLead Solder

1. Low Melting Point: Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekutanga solder yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi inzvimbo yakadzika yekunyungudika, iyo inowanzobva pa183 ° C kusvika 190 ° C. Iyi tembiricha yakaderera inoita kuti solder iite nyore, ichideredza njodzi yekukuvadzwa kune dzakatetepa zvikamu uye edunhu mabhodhi. Musanganiswa we eutectic wakaumbwa ne 63/37 reshiyo ye tin uye lead inogadzira yunifomu yekunyungudika, kubvisa kushushikana kwekunyungudika kunowanikwa mune mamwe masolder alloys.
2. Superior Wetting Mano: Lead solder inotariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupararira zvakaenzana uye kuomerera zvakanaka kune simbi panguva yekushambadzira. Uku kugona kunyorova kunovimbisa kuti solder inozadza mukaha pakati pezvikamu uye mapadhi avo ane mashoma voids kana kusakwana, achipa yakasimba, yakavimbika magetsi ekubatanidza.
3. Yakanakisa Electrical Conductivity: Lead solder inozivikanwa nekunaka kwayo kwemagetsi conductivity, izvo zvinoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune maapplication uko kushanda kwemagetsi kwakakosha. Iko kusanganiswa kwetini uye mutungamiri kunovimbisa kuti majoini anoguma achengetedza maitiro akanaka, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune yakakwirira-frequency uye yakaderera-resistance application.
4. Ductility uye Flexibility: Lead solder inokosheswawo nekuda kweiyo ductility, iyo inobvumira kuti itore mechanical kusagadzikana pasina kuputika kana kutyora. Ichi chivakwa chakakosha pakuona kuti majoini akatengeswa anoramba akasimba uye anoshanda kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro ekuwedzera kwemafuta, mechanical vibration, kana zvimwe zvinonetsa.
5. Kudekara Use: Lead solder iri nyore kubata kana ichienzaniswa nemutobvu-isina dzimwe nzira. Kuyerera kwayo kwakatsetseka uye yakaderera kunyunguduka tembiricha inoita kuti inyanyo mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika mune ese manyorero uye otomatiki soldering maitiro. Kureruka kwekushandisa uku, kusanganiswa nekukwanisa kwayo uye kushanda kwayo, kwaita kuti ive chinhu chinofarirwa chekutengesa muindasitiri yemagetsi kwemakumi emakore.

Kuenzanisa Ongororo yeZvinhu Zvenyama muPCB Soldering

Melting Point

Lead solder inomira kunze nenzvimbo yayo yakaderera yekunyungudika inosvika 183 ° C, ichifambisa kubata uye kushandiswa kuri nyore panguva yePCB kuita magungano. Kusiyana neizvi, vatengesi vasina mutobvu, anoumbwa nearoyi akaita serata, mhangura, nesirivheri, anowanzo kuzvikudza kunyungudika kunodarika 217°C. Nepo iyi yakakwira yekunyungudika ichigona kuunza matambudziko panguva yekutengesa, inova nechokwadi chakasimba chakabatana kutendeseka uye kuvimbika mumamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza.

Durability uye Simba

Lead solder inopembererwa nekusimba kwayo uye yakasarudzika yekunyorova zvivakwa, kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidza magetsi akavimbika mumagungano emagetsi. Nekudaro, mumaapplication anoda yakakwirira mechanical stress resistance, lead-free solder inowanzopfuura lead solder. Pasinei nekuve mashoma ductile, inotungamira-isina dzimwe nzira dzinoratidza hukuru hwemagetsi simba, kuwedzera hupenyu hurefu uye kushanda kwemajoini akatengeswa pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara.

Iyi yekuenzanisa yekutarisa inosimbisa kutengeserana kwakakosha pakati pe lead uye-yemahara-isina soldering zvinhu, inotungamira sarudzo ine ruzivo muPCB kugadzira kwekuita kwakanyanya uye kuvimbika.

Hutano uye Nezvakatipoteredza Impacts dzeLead vs. Lead-Free Solder muPCB Manufacturing.

Utano Njodzi dzeLead Solder

Lead solder inopa njodzi dzehutano dzakakura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzeindasitiri uko kuratidzwa kwakapararira panguva yekugadzira maitiro. Kugara kwenguva refu kune utsi hwemutobvu kana guruva kunogona kutungamirira kuhutano hwakanyanya hwetsinga uye kufema, zvichiunza njodzi huru kukuchengetedzwa kwevashandi uye kugara zvakanaka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mirairo yakaoma uye chengetedzo maprotocol anosimbiswa kuderedza njodzi idzi munzvimbo dzebasa dzinoshandiswa solder.

Zvemamiriro ekunze neMutungamiriri

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemutobvu kunodarika kunetsa kwehutano hwevanhu. Kurasa uye kudzokororwa kwemagetsi ane lead solder kunobatsira kumarara emagetsi matambudziko, anogona kusvibisa ivhu nemvura yepasi nemasara ehupfu. Kusvibiswa uku kunoisa njodzi kune ecosystem uye huwandu hwevanhu zvakafanana, zvichida kungwarira manejimendi uye maitiro ekurasa kuderedza kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Zvakanakira Lead-Mahara Solder

Kusiyana neizvi, kushandiswa kwesimbi isina mutobvu kunoratidza shanduko huru kuenda kune nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinogara kwenguva refu dzekugadzira magetsi. Midziyo yesimbi isina mutobvu inowanzo sanganisira simbi dzakadai setin, copper, nesirivha, dzisina mutobvu une chepfu. Kuchinja uku kunoenderana nezvirongwa zvepasi rose zvakaita semirairo yeRestriction of Hazardous Substances ( RoHS ), ine chinangwa chekuderedza zvinhu zvine njodzi mumidziyo yemagetsi neyemagetsi. Nekubvisa mutobvu, mutobvu usina mutobvu unoderedza njodzi dzehutano kuvashandi uye unoderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichitsigira kuedza kwenyika ine girini uye ine hutano.

Misiyano Yekushandisa

Zvishandiso zveLead Solder

Lead solder inowanzofarirwa mumaapplication anoda kuderera kunyungudika tembiricha uye yakakwirira ductility. Inowanzo shandiswa mumidziyo yemagetsi yechinyakare uye mamwe mashandisirwo ehunyanzvi uko yakasarudzika zvivakwa zvinobatsira.

Zvishandiso zveLead-Yemahara Solder

Lead-isina solder iri kuwedzera kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwemagetsi, kunyanya mumagetsi evatengi, kutevedzera hutano uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Inofarirwawo mumashandisirwo apo kuvimbika kwenguva refu uye kuderedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza ndiko kufunga kwakakosha.

Mutengo weKufunga muPCB Soldering: Lead vs. Lead-Free Solder

Kutungamira Solder Mutengo

Kutengesa simbi ye lead kuchiri kubatsira mukugadzira maPCB nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwakawanda uye mutengo wakaderera wesimbi ye lead. Kushandiswa kwayo kwenguva refu muindasitiri kwakaita kuti maitiro ekugadzira ave nyore uye kwakaita kuti ikwanise kutengwa. Kushanda zvakanaka kwesimbi iyi kunoita kuti simbi ye lead ive sarudzo inofarirwa mukushandiswa uko bhajeti iri yakanyanya kuomera, pasinei nematambudziko ehutano nezvakatipoteredza.

Kutungamira-Yemahara Solder Mutengo

Sezvineiwo, lead-isina solder inowanzova inodhura kana ichienzaniswa neye lead solder. Mutengo wepamusoro uyu unokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakati wandei, kusanganisira kushandiswa kweimwe simbi sesirivheri kana mhangura mune solder alloys. Masimbi aya anodhura kupfuura mutobvu, achipesvedzera mutengo wezvinhu zvese mukugadzira lead-isina solder. Uyezve, iyo nzira yekugadzira ye lead-isina solder inogona kunge yakanyanya kuoma uye zviwanikwa-yakanyanya, zvichiwedzera kupa kune yayo yepamusoro mutengo poindi.

Pasinei nemutengo wayo wakakwira, kutorwa kwekutengesa-isina mutobvu kuri kuwedzera kupihwa mvumo kana kufarirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwemitemo yezvakatipoteredza (sekutevedzera RoHS) uye kufunga nezvehutano. Shanduko yakananga kune dzimwe nzira dzisina lead dzinoratidza kuzvipira kudzikisa zvinhu zvine njodzi muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvichifambirana nematanho ekusimudzira epasi rose.

Kazhinji, kunyange hazvo lead solder ichipa zvakanakira hupfumi, mutengo wakakwira we lead-free solder unotsigirwa nezvakanakira zvakatipoteredza uye kutevedzera mitemo. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunyatsoongorora mitengo iyi pamwe chete nezvinodiwa pakushanda uye zvisungo zvemitemo pavanenge vachisarudza zvinhu zvekunamira zvePCB.

mhedziso

Sarudzo pakati pe lead uye lead-isina solder inotsamira pazvinhu zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira zvinodiwa zvekushandisa, kutevedzera hutano uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, uye kutariswa kwemitengo. Nepo lead solder ichifarirwa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kwekushandisa uye yakaderera kunyungudika, njodzi dzehutano uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha. Lead-isina solder, kunyangwe ichidhura uye ine yakakwira kunyungudika, iri kuwedzera kuve chiyero muindastiri, inotungamirwa nemaitiro ekutonga uye kunetseka nezvekuchengetedza. Pakupedzisira, sarudzo inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti, kuenzanisa kuita, kutevedzera, uye mutengo zvinhu.

FAQs

Ndeapi mabhenefiti akakosha ekushandisa lead-isina solder muPCB gungano?

Lead-isina solder inopa hutano hwakakosha uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza, kuderedza njodzi dzine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwe lead mukugadzira. Inopindiranawo nemaitiro ekudzora senge RoHS, achibatsira mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi akasvibira.

Iyo yepamusoro yekunyungudika ye lead-isina solder inobata sei iyo soldering maitiro?

Iyo yakakwira yekunyungudika ye lead-isina solder inogona kuita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kushanda nayo, ichida kunyatso kudzora tembiricha yekutengesa. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi mumidziyo yekutengesa uye matekiniki kwakaita kuti dambudziko iri rive nyore kubata.

Ndeapi akanakisa lead-isina solder alloys epamusoro-kuvimbika maapplication?

Alloys akadai seSAC305 (Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu) anowanzo shandiswa kune yakakwirira-yakavimbika maapplication nekuda kwesimba rayo repamusoro, mechanical properties, uye thermal performance. Aya maalloys anopa yakanakisa kubatana kutendeseka kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa.

Sei lead solder ichiri kushandiswa mune zvimwe zvikumbiro kunyangwe hutano uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza?

Lead solder ichiri kushandiswa mune mamwe maapplication uko yakaderera kunyungudika, nyore kushandisa, uye yakanakisa magetsi conductivity yakakosha. Iyo zvakare inodhura-inoshanda, ichiita iyo inoyevedza sarudzo yemapurojekiti anokanganisa bhajeti kana ayo asiri pasi pemirairo yakaoma.

Ko kufambira mberi mune lead-isina solder tekinoroji inokanganisa sei mutengo wayo uchienzaniswa nemutobvu solder?

Kufambira mberi mune lead-isina solder alloys uye maitiro ekugadzira ari kuderedza zvishoma nezvishoma mutengo wepakati pakati pe lead-isina uye lead solder. Nepo lead-isina solder ichiri kudhura, kuwedzera kwayo kushandiswa uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inodhura-inoshanda kune akawanda maapplication mukufamba kwenguva.