Inoshanda Impedance Kudzora mummWave PCBs ine PTH Vias

Yakaputirwa kuburikidza ne-buri vias (PTH vias) zvinhu zvakakosha mumabhodhi akadhindwa ematunhu (PCBs), achipa magetsi ekubatanidza pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, kana uchishanda ne mmWave frequency (kazhinji pamusoro pe30 GHz), dhizaini yeiyi vias inova yakaoma. Sezvo kuwanda kunowedzera, maitiro emasaini anoshanduka, uye kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki mudhizaini zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, zvichikonzera nyaya senge maratidziro uye resonances. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora matambudziko uye akanakisa maitiro ekugadzira akaputirwa kuburikidza-gomba vias mummWave PCBs, ichipa mainjiniya ruzivo rwunodiwa kuti vagone dhizaini yavo.

Kunzwisisa Basa rePlated through-Hole Vias mu mmWave PCB Application

Mune akajairwa PCB magadzirirwo, PTH vias anoshandiswa kufambisa masaini emagetsi pakati peakasiyana akaturikidzana ebhodhi. Nekudaro, mummWave PCB maapplication, aya vias anodyidzana nemasaini nenzira dzinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwechiratidzo. Pa mmWave frequency, iyo wavelength yezviratidzo inova idiki kwazvo, ichiita kuti vias zviite senge impedance discontinuities. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yakasimba chiratidzo chekuratidzira uye kuderedzwa. Kusiyana nemagadzirirwo echinyakare, diki diki diki uye yakakwirira-frequency maitiro emmWave masiginecha inoda kunyatso kutungamira kwechiratidzo chekuvimbika kudzivirira mhedzisiro isingadiwe sekurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kukanganisa.

Kune magadzirirwo ePCB emmWave, mainjiniya anosangana nematambudziko akasiyana pavanoshandisa maPTH vias. Mavias aya, ayo anobvumira masaini emagetsi kupfuura pakati pezvikamu zvakawanda zvebhodhi, anogona kukonzera resonance uye distortion kana asina kudzorwa nemazvo. Pama frequency emmWave, kunyangwe kusawirirana kudiki kwe impedance kunogona kukonzera kuora kwechiratidzo, sezvo masaini achiona kuratidzwa kwakasimba paanopfuura nemavias. Dambudziko iri rinova dambudziko zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo epamusoro-soro akadai se5G communications , uko kuvimbika kwechiratidzo chega chega kwakakosha kuchengetedza kutumirwa kwedata kwakavimbika.

Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, mainjiniya anogadzira mmWave PCBs vanofanira kunyatsofunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekufananidza impedance, kureba, uye marongerwo ebhodhi rese. Matekiniki ekugadzira anonyanya kushandiswa kuderedza kukanganisa kwakashata kwemavias, akadai sekushandisa mablind vias kana mavias akavigwa , kana kushandisa kuburikidza nezvivakwa zvinogona kuderedza kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo. Pamusoro pezvo, maturusi ekufananidzira anowanzo shandiswa kuongorora mhedzisiro yemavias ePTH pamafrequencies emmWave kuona kuti dhizaini yekupedzisira ichaita zvakanaka. Kugadzirisa zvinhu izvi zvinobudirira kwakakosha kuti uwane kutumira kwechiratidzo nekukurumidza uye kwepamusoro mumashandisirwo emmWave PCB.

Mafungiro Akakosha mummWave Via Dhizaini

Impedance Kudzora uye Chiratidzo Kutendeseka

Chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha zvemmWave PCB dhizaini kuve nechokwadi chekuti PTH vias inochengetedza iyo inotarirwa impedance, kazhinji 50 Ohms, mhiri kwese kwechiratidzo nzira. Kutendeseka kwechiratidzo kwakanyatso kusungirirwa kune impedance kuenzanisa; chero kusaenderera mberi mu impedance-senge iyo inokonzerwa neasina kugadzirwa kuburikidza-inogona kutungamirira kune chiratidzo chekuratidzira, kurasikirwa kwesimba, uye kuwedzera kuisa kurasikirwa.

Kune mmWave frequency, iyo via haifanire kuunza chero shanduko yakakosha mune yehunhu impedance. Izvi zvinoda kuverengwa chaiko kweiyo via saizi, saizi yepadhi, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati peiyo via uye yakatenderedza trace. Chero kutsauka kubva kune yakanakira impedance kunogona kukonzera kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo, izvo zvisingagamuchirwe mune yakakwirira-frequency application.

Kupinza Kurasika uye Frequency Bandwidth

Kuisa kurasikirwa ndeimwe yakakosha yekutarisisa paunenge uchigadzira PTH vias yemmWave PCBs. Pamafafitera epamusoro, kurasikirwa nekuda kweiyo kuburikidza nechimiro kuwedzera, sechikamu chechiratidzo chinoparadzirwa kuburikidza nezvinhu. Iyo yakakwirira iyo frequency, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa kwekuisa, iyo inokanganisa huwandu hwechiratidzo chemhando.

Iyo frequency bandwidth yechiratidzo inowirirana zvakanyanya neiyo kuburikidza nedhizaini. Pa mmWave frequency, iyo bandwidth inowanzoita nhete kana ichienzaniswa neakakwira-kumhanya masaini edhijitari. Iyi yakatetepa bandwidth inorerutsa zvimwe zvinhu kuburikidza nedhizaini, sezvo mainjiniya anongoda kufunga nezve maitiro ari padhuze neiyo inotakura frequency. Semuenzaniso, pa77 GHz FMCW radar, iyo bandwidth yechiratidzo inogona kunge yakatenderedza 5 GHz, chikamu chidiki chete cheiyo inotakura frequency. Nekudaro, kunyangwe zvidiki zvisizvo mu impedance kana frequency zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kukuru mukuita.

Propagation Kunonoka uye Signal Nguva

Pamusoro pekugadzirisa impedance, mmWave PCB vagadziri vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kunonoka kuparadzira mhiri kwenzira hakukanganisi nguva yezviratidzo. Iko kunonoka inguva inotora kuti chiratidzo chifambe kubva pane imwe nhanho yePCB kuenda kune imwe kuburikidza nenzira. Mune ma-high-speed systems, kunyange kunonoka kuduku kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa pakati pezviratidzo, zvichiita kuti zvikanganiso zvenguva uye zvisakarurama zvibvumirane.

Kukwirisa kunonoka kuparadzira, iyo via inofanira kugadzirwa kuti kureba kwayo ideredzwe, uye chimiro chayo chakabatana sezvinobvira uchichengetedza inodiwa impedance control. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kudzikisira saizi nekuvandudza midziyo yemagetsi inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kunonoka.

Dhizaina Zvinetso uye Mhinduro dzePTH Vias mummWave Circuits

Parasitic Migumisiro muVia Zvirongwa

Pa mmWave frequency, parasitic zvinhu mukati meiyo dhizaini, senge inductance, capacitance, uye kuramba, zvinogona kukonzera kutsauka kwakakura mukukanganisa kunotarisirwa. Izvi zvikamu zveparasitic zvinogona kushandura maitiro eiyo via, zvichitungamira mukurasikirwa kwechiratidzo, kufungisisa, uye kukanganisa.

MuPTH via structure, inductance inobva mu loop inoumbwa ne via, PCB traces , uye makondakita akakomberedza. Iyi inductive reactance inogona kuwedzera pama frequency akakwira, zvichiita kuti impedance isawirirane uye kuderedza kuvimbika kwesignal. Saizvozvowo, parasitic capacitance pakati pe via nema kondakita ari pedyo inogona kukanganisa signal, kunyanya pama mmWave frequency.

Nekunyatso kudzora dhizaini yedhizaini, senge kugadzirisa iyo via's pad size uye antipad zviyero, vagadziri vanogona kudzikisira izvi parasitic mhedzisiro. Pamusoro pezvo, kusona vias kunogona kushandiswa kupa kumwe kudzika uye kuderedza parasitic inductance.

Via Stub Kufunga mune mmWave Interconnects

A via stub chikamu cheiyo via iyo inoramba isina kubatana kune iyo chiratidzo nzira, ichigadzira yakavhurika-yedunhu kumisa. Pa mmWave frequency, kuburikidza ne stubs inogona kukonzera kuratidzwa kwakasimba, kunyanya kana hurefu hwe stub hwakanyanya kurebesa kune chiratidzo chewavelength. Aya maratidziro anogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekuisa, kukanganisa kwechiratidzo, uye kukanganisa kunokuvadza.

Kudzikisira kukonzeresa nema stubs, vagadziri vanofanira kushandisa backdrilling kubvisa stub kana, kana zvichibvira, shandisa mabofu vias asingagadziri ma stubs pekutanga. Blind vias inobvisa kudiwa kwekuchera nzira yese kuburikidza nePCB, ichipa yakachena chiratidzo nzira uye kuderedza zvisingadiwe fungidziro.

Matekiniki epamberi emmWave Via Dhizaini

Kushandisa Grounded Coplanar Waveguides (GCPWs)

Imwe yedzakanyanya kushanda nzira dzekuvandudza PTH kuburikidza nekuita mummWave PCB ndeye kushandisa yakadzika coplanar waveguides (GCPWs). GCPWs akanakira kufambisa masaini-akawanda masaini sezvo iwo achideredza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kuchengetedza inodzorwa impedance. By routing zviratidzo pamusoro penyika PCB vachishandisa GCPWs, vias anogona kuiswa nenzira minimizes via-inoenderana chiratidzo degradation.

Kushandisa GCPWs zvakare kunobvumira iyo kuburikidza nezvimiro kuti irambe yakabatana apo ichiona kuti iyo impedance inoramba yakagadzikana mhiri kwechiratidzo nzira. Iyo GCPW dhizaini inobatsira kudzvanyirira epamusoro-odha modhi, ayo anogona neimwe nzira kuunza isingadiwe resonance uye chiratidzo chinokanganisa.

Kusona Vias uye Antipad Kugadziriswa

Kusona vias mamwe vias akaiswa akatenderedza kuburikidza nechimiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzika uye kubatsira kudzora iyo impedance yechiratidzo nzira. Aya vias akakosha pakuchengetedza yakagadzikana impedance spectrum uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kwechiratidzo mhiri kwekubatana. Huwandu hwekusona vias uye kuiswa kwavo kunofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iyo impedance yeiyo vias chimiro inoramba ichienderana kune dzakasiyana siyana mafrequency.

Kugadzirisa saizi yeantipad imwe nzira inoshandiswa kudzora iyo kuburikidza ne impedance. Antipad inzvimbo yakatenderedza nepainobviswa mhangura. Kuyera kwakaringana kweiyo antipad kunovimbisa kuti iyo impedance inodzorwa, uye inogona kubatsira kudzikisa iyo parasitic capacitance uye inductive mhedzisiro inosvibisa kutendeseka kwechiratidzo.

Kusarudza Izvo Zvakakodzera PCB Zvishandiso zvemmWave Radar Circuits muMotokari Yemotokari

Mu tekinoroji yemotokari dzinozvishandira dzoga, macircuit e mmWave radar anoita basa rakakosha mukugonesa mashandiro akakosha, kunyanya muAdvanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS). Masisitimu aya anovimba nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi, kusanganisira ma sensor e radar, kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti akachengeteka uye anoshanda zvakanaka. Kune macircuit e radar anoshanda pamafrequencies ari pamusoro pe77 GHz, akadai seaya anoshandiswa kuona zvipingamupinyi uye kupa ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, kusarudza zvinhu zve PCB zvakakodzera kwakakosha. Zvinhu zve PCB zvinofanirwa kutsigira zviratidzo zve high-frequency zvakajairika zve mmWave radar, nekurasikirwa kushoma uye kushanda kwakagadzikana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekupisa. Zvinhu zvakaita sezviri kubva kune specialty low-loss laminate, zvakagadzirirwa mmWave applications, zvinopa kugadzikana uye kugara kwenguva refu kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti chiratidzo chinotumirwa zvakanaka uye kuderera kwechiratidzo.

Radar masisitimu, chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza mota masisitimu, inotsamira pamagineti emagetsi masaini kuona zvinonangwa uye kuyera kureba, kumhanya, uye hukama hwekufamba. Mune mmWave radar masisitimu, PCB antennas inoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa nekugamuchira aya masaini. Semuyenzaniso, masaisai eradar anotumirwa semasaisai emagetsi anotaridza zvinhu, achibvumira iyo radar system kuona nzvimbo, chinhambwe, uye kumhanya kwezvinangwa. Nekushanda kwepamusoro-frequency pa 77 GHz kana 79 GHz, zvinhu zvePCB zvinoshandiswa kune antenna zvinofanirwa kuratidza kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kushoma uye kurongeka kwepamusoro kutsigira kuyerwa kweaya maparamita akakosha. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoda kuchengetedza kuita kwavo kuenderana kunyangwe shanduko yekushisa, hunyoro, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakatipoteredza, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakavimbika mumamiriro ezvinhu epasirese.

Sezvo mota dzinozvitonga dzichichinja, kudiwa kwema radar system epamusoro ane kugona kukuru kwe frequency kunowedzera kudiwa. Masisitimu anoshanda muma 77 GHz ne 79 GHz bands ari kuramba achikosha nekuda kwe resolution yawo yepamusoro, zvichibvumira mota kuona zvinhu zviri kure uye nekunyatsorongeka. Kune aya masisitimu, zvinhu zvePCB zvinofanirwa kupa kurasikirwa kwakaderera kwe dielectric, kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa, uye kutonga kwakanyatsojeka pamusoro pe dielectric constants. Zvinhu zvakaita se specialty low-loss laminate', low-Dk PTFE laminate uye low-loss hydrocarbon laminate zvakanyatsokodzera mashandisirwo e mmWave mu automotive radar, zvichipa kugona kwepamusoro kunodiwa pakuyera kwakanyatsojeka. Izvi zvinhu zvinovimbisa kuti radar systems dzinogona kushanda zvakavimbika mumamiriro akasiyana ekutyaira, zvichibatsira mukuchengetedza uye kushanda kwe automotive cars.

Mhedziso: Kugadziridza Plated kuburikidza-Gomba Vias yemmWave PCB Performance

Muchidimbu, dhizaini yakapfachukira kuburikidza-gomba vias (PTH vias) yemmWave PCBs inoda kunyatsotariswa kweiyo impedance yekufananidza, kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, parasitic mhedzisiro, uye kuburikidza ne stub manejimendi. PammWave frequency, maitiro emasaini anogona kuchinja zvakanyanya, uye kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki mudhizaini zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pakuita. Nekutevera akanakisa maitiro senge saizi, parasitic manejimendi, kudzosera kumashure, uye kusona vias, vagadziri vanogona kuona kuti mammWave PCB avo anounza mashandiro akakwana.

KuHighleap Electronic, isu tine hunyanzvi mukugadzira maPCB ane frequency yakakwira uye tinogona kukutungamira kuburikidza nekuoma kwekushandisa masaini emmWave. Zvishandiso zvedu zvemhando yepamusoro zvekufananidzira uye hunyanzvi mukugadzira zvinovimbisa kuti maPCB ako emmWave anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekushanda kwemapurogiramu ane frequency yakakwira. Kana uchida rubatsiro mukugadzirisa magadzirirwo ako emmWave, taura nesu nhasi kuti uwane rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi mukugadzira nekusanganisa maPCB.

FAQs

Ndeipi basa rekuputirwa kuburikidza-gomba vias mune mmWave PCB magadzirirwo?

PTH vias inopa magetsi ekubatanidza pakati peakasiyana akaturikidzana ePCB asi anogona kukanganisa kusarongeka kwechiratidzo pakakwirira senge mmWave. Dhizaini chaiyo uye impedance yekufananidza kwakakosha kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo uye kutarisisa.

Nei mmWave PCBs ichida hunyanzvi kuburikidza nedhizaini kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa maPCB?

Pa mmWave frequency, chiratidzo chekuvimbika chinonzwa zvakanyanya kune impedance mismatches. PTH vias inogona kuunza akakosha maratidziro uye resonance kana isina kugadzirwa nemazvo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekudzora impedance.

Ndeapi mafungidziro akakosha ekugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwekuisa mummWave PCBs nePTH vias?

Kurasika kwekupinza kunogona kudzikiswa nekusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi kuburikidza nekukura, uye kudzivirira resonance. Yakakodzera impedance kudzora, kunyanya mune kuburikidza nechimiro, yakakosha mukudzikisa kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo.

Ko maparasitic zvinhu mu vias zvinokanganisa sei mmWave chiratidzo chekufambisa?

Parasitic inductance uye capacitance mu vias inogona kukanganisa masaini pa mmWave frequency, zvichitungamira kune impedance mismatches uye kuwedzera kurasikirwa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa zvinofanirwa kutariswa nemazvo kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika.

Chii chakakoshera chekudzokera kumashure mummWave PCB dhizaini?

Kudzosera kumashure kunobvisa kuburikidza ne stubs, izvo zvinogona kugadzira zvisingadiwe zviratidziro uye resonance, kuvandudza chiratidzo chechiratidzo. Iyo inonyanya kubatsira mummWave PCBs, uko kunyangwe kusakwana kudiki kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuita.

Iwe unogonesa sei kuburikidza ne impedance yemmWave application?

Kugadzirisa kuburikidza ne impedance kunoda kunyatsotarisisa kune iyo kuburikidza nehukuru, padhi dhizaini, saizi yeantipad, uye kuiswa kwekusona vias. Izvi zvinhu zvinovimbisa kuti impedance inoramba ichienderana uye inoenderana nezvinodiwa nehurongwa.