Kugadziriswa kwePCB pakugadzira huwandu: Mutengo uye Goho

Panel yekugadzira ine mapuranga akawanda haisi iyo panel inodhura zvakanyanya. Kana paine zvikanganiso zvayo, nguva yekuongorora kana kurasikirwa kwekubatanidza kwakakwira, mutengo wayo paPCB inogamuchirwa unogona kuipa kunyangwe mutengo wepanal papanel wakaderera.

Kuongorora uku kwePCB panelization yekugadzira vhoriyamu kunoenzanisa dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira uchishandisa denderedzwa rimwechete: maseketi akanaka anopiwa pasi pemitemo yekugamuchirwa yakabvumiranwa. Muenzaniso wemitengo wekufungidzira wakashanda unoratidza kuti nei mutengo wepaneru uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yejometri zvisina kukwana zvega.

Kuti muwane mazwi ekugadzira, tangai nepfungwa dzePCB panelization . Mifananidzo iri pazasi ifungidziro yemuenzaniso kwete Highleap operating goods kana mitengo yakavimbiswa; tsivai neuchapupu hwekugadzira chaihwo musati masarudza dhizaini.

Mapaneru Akasiyana Ekugadzira, SMT Arrays uye Zvikamu Zvekutumira

Panel yekushanda yekugadzira inzvimbo inogadziriswa kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwePCB. Inogona kunge iine ma arrays akawanda evatengi, ma process margins, test coupon kana ma tooling features; kurongeka kwayo kunowanzo kanganiswa nemidziyo yemugadziri. SMT assembly array ndiyo inobatwa ne placement line kana fixture, kazhinji ne rails, fiducials uye fixed X-by-Y map. Chigadziko chekutumira chinogona kunge chiri array imwe chete, katoni ye singles kana purchasing SET. Kuvhiringidza mazinga matatu aya kunoita kuti mutengo wepa-panel usakwanise kuongororwa zvakanaka.

Kune mabhodhi madiki ane mupendero kana dhizaini yeSMT inosarudza maitiro earray, tanga wagadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zvekutanga muPCB panelization walkthrough . Nzira yekugadzirisa pano inofungidzira kuti maarrays akatopasa bvunzo dzekutanga dzekugadzira uye dzekushandisa.

Verenga Mutengo paDunhu Rinogamuchirwa

Mutengesi anogona kupa mutengo wakaderera papaneru imwe neimwe yekushanda kuti pave nechimiro chakasimba. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mutengo wePCB wakaderera. Pamwero wepamusoro, verenga mutengo unotarisirwa padunhu rega rega rinogamuchirwa kune imwe neimwe sarudzo yakakodzera. Padanho rekugadzira, equation yekuronga iri nyore ndeiyi:

Mari inofungidzirwa yekugadzira padunhu rinogamuchirwa = mutengo wepasi rose wekugadzira-paneru ÷ madunhu anotarisirwa kugamuchirwa kubva kumapaneru iwayo.

Kune modhi yepaneru yakagadzikana: Mutengo padunhu rinogamuchirwa ≈ mutengo papaneru ÷ (matunhu papaneru × chikamu chinotarisirwa chekugamuchirwa padunhu). Uku kufungidzirwa kwekuronga kwepakati; zvinofungidzira kuti chikamu chekugamuchirwa chinogona kushandiswa kunzvimbo dzedunhu uye kuti mari yemabasa akaraswa inomiririrwa zvakakodzera. Haifananidzi kutadza kwepaneru yakazara, mitemo yekugadzirisa, zvirambidzo zvisina kukwana kana tsvina yakasanganiswa. Izvozvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakasiyana.

Kuenzanisa kwakakwana kwekufungidzira

Funga nezvemarongero maviri atovepo ekugadzirisa PCB imwe chete yakaburitswa. Mari dzese nemitengo yekugamuchirwa pazasi imhando yemuenzaniso, kwete mitengo yeHighleap, zvichemo zvekukohwa kana kugona kwekugadzirisa.

Sarudzo B inoisa macircuit akawanda mupaneru imwe chete asi inogadzira mutengo wakakwira wemodeled pacircuit imwe neimwe inogamuchirwa: $132 ÷ (18 × 0.94) ≈ $7.80 zvichienzaniswa ne $84 ÷ (12 × 0.97) ≈ $7.22. Pahuwandu hwekuronga hwemabhodhi zviuru makumi maviri nemashanu, musiyano iwoyo wakakosha. Hazvisi humbowo hwekuti ma arrays ese gumi nemasere akanyanya kuipa. Asi, zvinoratidza kuti nei kuverenga mayuniti chete kuri chikonzero chekutenga chisina kukwana.

Kuongororwa kwekunzwa: chii chingaita kuti Sarudzo B ive yemakwikwi?

Shandisa mutengo wemuenzaniso weOption A padunhu rinogamuchirwa, ungangoita $7.216, sechinangwa. Nemutengo wepaneru we $132 nenzvimbo gumi nemasere, Option B inoda chikamu chekugamuchirwa cheinenge $132 ÷ (18 × $7.216) = 101.6% . Izvozvo hazvigoneke pasi pemitengo iyi inofungidzirwa. Saka, kuti B ienderane naA, kanenge imwe fungidziro yemuenzaniso inofanira kuchinja—mutengo wayo wepaneru unofanira kudzikira, huwandu hwemasekete ayo hunofanira kukwira, kana kuti mitengo/kugamuchirwa kwaA kunofanira kuwedzera. Kuwedzera kugamuchirwa kwaB kubva pa94% kusvika pa100% kunopa $132 ÷ 18 = $7.33 pabhodhi rinogamuchirwa, zvichiri pamusoro peA inofungidzirwa kuti $7.22.

Rudzi urwu rwekutarisa kunzwisisika kwechinhu runoita kuti mashoko asina kujeka akadai sekuti "vandudza zvibereko" ave muganho chaiwo wesarudzo. Zvisinei, kuenzanisa mutengo wekugadzira chete hakuna kukwana kana array ichifambawo kuburikidza neSMT kana bvunzo.

Sanganisira Kuunganidzwa Kwemari uye Kurasikirwa Kumwe Kunoderera

Sarudzo yekupedzisira yekugadzira ingangoda kusanganisa kugadzira, kuunganidza, kuyedza, kubvisa mapaneri, kurongedza uye mari isingadzokororwi. Muenzaniso wakakura ndewekuti:

Mutengo wezvose zvinotengeswa pachinhu chimwe nechimwe chinogamuchirwa nekutumira = (kugadzira + kuunganidza + bvunzo + kugadziriswazve kwakatenderwa/kubviswa kwechinhu + kurongedza + kugadzika kwakaderedzwa) ÷ zvigadzirwa zvinogamuchirwa zvakatumirwa.

Dzivisa kuverenga kaviri kurambwa kwatove kuri mumutengo wakataurwa nemutengesi. Kana mutengo wemutengesi uri pabhodhi rinogamuchirwa, mubereko wavo wemukati unogona kutoonekwa mumutengo iwoyo. Kana mutengi akagadzira modhi yemukati inobva pasi kuenda kumusoro, shandisa danho rakakodzera remutengo uye denominator pabasa rega rega.

Kuverengera kwechipiri kunoratidza: kugoverwa kwegadziriro

Ngatitii imwe array inoda $400 imwe chete uye imwe $1,000. Mari yekugadzika payuniti imwe neimwe inogamuchirwa pa500 units i$0.80 uchienzaniswa ne$2.00. Pa25,000 units inowira pa$0.016 uchienzaniswa ne$0.040. Saka, odha yekutanga inogona kusarudza panel yakasiyana kubva kuchirongwa chekugadzira chinogara chichienderera mberi—chero bedzi zvinodiwa zvearray itsva, machine programming uye shanduko dzinogona kuitika dzemaitiro zvichiongororwawo.

RFQ inongokumbira "mutengo wepaneru wakanakisa" haigone kuratidza izvi. Kumbira maturusi/NRE zvakasiyana, huwandu hwemaseketi anogamuchirwa ane mutengo uye mamiriro ekuyedza uye ekutumira anobatanidzwa.

Akaunti yeKurambwa kwePanel-Level

Hazvisi zvese zvinokanganisa dunhu rimwe chete. Kapfupi kemunzvimbo kanogona kuramba nzvimbo imwe chete yebhodhi. Chiitiko chekuputira, chekuisa lamination kana chekubata chinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda kana paneri rakagadziriswa zvizere. Dambudziko reSMT stencil, fixture kana oven rinogona kukanganisa jointed array. Kubata kutadza kwese sechiitiko che3% kana 6% chakazvimiririra kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwakabatana.

Kumbira mugadziri kuti asiyanise kurambwa kwepanzvimbo imwe neimwe kubva kurambwa kwepanzvimbo imwe neimwe . Funga nezve fungidziro ye 18-up array apo kukanganisa kwepanzvimbo imwe chete kunoita kuti nzvimbo dzese 18 dzisashande: kurasikirwa kunotarisirwa kubva pachiitiko chimwe chete ichocho kwakakura kupfuura dunhu rimwe chete rakashata. Vamwe vatengi vanorambidzawo kutumira array ine nzvimbo dzakanyorwa kana dzisipo; kana zvakadaro, unit yekutumira inogamuchirwa inogona kunge iri iyo yakazara array yakanaka , kwete macircuit akanaka ega ega. Denominator yako uye rework/replacement policy inofanirwa kuenderana ne purchase order.

Pakutaura nezvemashoko ekutenga, gwara rePCB SET rekutumira nekuisa panelo rinotsanangura kuti nei "100 arrays" isingakwanise kuenzaniswa otomatiki ne "1,800 good boards."

Mibvunzo yemhando yepamusoro inokanganisa hupfumi hwepanel

• Mutengesi anogona kutumira array ine chinzvimbo chimwe chete chakakundikana here? Kana zvisina kudaro, kukosha kwayo kunobatwa sei?
• Bhodhi rakakundikana rinogona kubviswa here uye chimwe chinhu chinogamuchirwa chingatumirwa chakasiyana, kana kuti array yacho inofanira kuramba yakakwana?
• Maseketi anoedzwa nemagetsi padanho ripi, uye nzvimbo dzakaipa dzinonyorwa sei?
• Ko nzvimbo dzemakuponi nedzekutonga mashandiro dziripo here muhuwandu hwepaneru yakataurwa?
• Mari yekubhadhara zvinhu zvakasara yatove nemutengo uri mumutengo unogamuchirwa here, kana kuti inoratidzwa semutengo wakasiyana?
• Kubvisa mapaneli kunokonzera kurambwa kwemamwe ma "restricts", uye ndiani muridzi we "loss" idzodzo?

Hapana mhinduro imwe chete chaiyo yezvirongwa zvese zvekugadzira. Chibvumirano chinofanira kutsanangura kuti ndechipi chikamu chinobvuma kugamuchirwa uye kuti ndeupi mutengesi anopa humbowo.

Tarisa Kushanda Kwemuchina uye Kukwana Kwemidziyo

Kuwanda kwemaseketi pa array kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwemabasa ekutakura, asi chete kana array yacho ikaramba ichienderana nemidziyo chaiyo. Upamhi hwe conveyor, rutsigiro rweovheni, kuomarara kwestencil, kufamba kwekuisa, nzvimbo yekuona yeAOI, kugona kwe test fixture uye depaneling cycle imwe neimwe inogona kupindura zvakasiyana kune arrays yakakura. Panel hombe inogonawo kuda mamwe ma hand fixtures ekubata kana kurongedza kwakakosha.

Ongororo yekugadzira inofanira kukumbira ruzivo rwakatarisana nemuchina, kwete kungoita dhizaini yakakomberedzwa chete. Padanho rePCB, ongorora fomati yemaitiro-paneru, chirongwa chekuboora nekufambisa, kugoverwa kwemhangura nekunyoreswa. Padanho rekugadzira, ongorora stencil print nekuiswa kwayo, rutsigiro rwekuyererazve, kuongorora uye kuwana patsva kwekugadzirisa. Pakutumira, ongorora kana unit inogamuchirwa iri panel kana singles, uye kuti ndeipi danho rinobvisa njanji.

Zvipingamupinyi zvakakura zveSMT panelization zvinobatsira kumashure. Kuenzanisa kwemitengo kunorekodha fungidziro dzemutsetse chaiwo pane kutaura kuti bhodhi rega rega rekuwedzera pane array rinowedzera kubuda kweawa nechikamu chimwe chete.

Bvisa Panel Inodzokororwa Kuti Ushandise Volume Runs

Panera remuenzaniso rinoratidza kuti mamwe mabhodhi anogona kugadzirwa uye kubatwa. Hariratidzi otomatiki kugadzikana pahuwandu. Paunenge uchiisa array yekugadzira, tarisa treat orientation, chimiro cherail, nzvimbo dzetabhu, process coupon uye inspection sampling se controlled manufacturing package.

Kuburitswa uye kurongeka kwekufanirwa

1. Bvisa gadziriso yePCB yechigadzirwa muchando. Iva nechokwadi chekuti dzimwe nzira dzemapaneru ese dziri kushandisa stackup, finish, maburi uye critical outline dzakatenderwa zvakafanana.
2. Kugadzira magwaro uye kudhirowa kwepaneru yemusangano zvakasiyana apo chimiro chekugadzira chinosiyana neboka revatengi.
3. Simbisa mashandiro ekugadzira. Simbisa kuti zvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu, zvinogadzirisa zvinhu, zvinotsigira stencil, zvinotarisa bhodhi, zvinokwanisa kushandiswa pakubvisa mapaneru uye kuti michina yacho yabviswa here.
4. Tsanangura humbowo hwenyaya yekutanga. Yera zvinhu zvakakosha zvemupendero/mupendero, simbisa huwandu hwemasekete anogamuchirwa uye ongorora zvikanganiso mushure mechikamu chekuparadzanisa chakarongwa.
5. Mhanya mutyairi wendege ane chinangwa. Nyora mhedzisiro chaiyo yekushanda, nguva yekugadzirisa, kutadza kwepaneru uye kubata kwe-array pane kungovimba nemutengo wakaderera wefekitori.
6. Verengazve mutengo. Tsiva fungidziro nedata rezvinobuda uye rekutenderera, uye tarisa kana NRE kana throughput zvichichinja sarudzo yebhizinesi.
7. Bvisa gadziriso ye array. Inoda kuongororwa kuti uwane shanduko dzinozoitwa pamatanho erails, tabs, orientation, saizi yepanel uye mamiriro ekutumira, kunyangwe kana data rePCB rimwe chete risina kuchinja.

Pamidziyo yekufambisa nekutarisa, kudzora uku kunobatsira kana mabhodhi, makadhi emutsara uye ma "host interfaces" achigovana puratifomu yemidziyo asi achida nzira dzakasiyana dzepaneru. Basa rePCB rekutaurirana nekuona rinotsanangura mhuri idzi dzemidziyo nemabhodhi.

Shandisa Mari Yakafanana uye Hwaro Hwekugamuchirwa Kwevatengesi Vose

Bvunza mutengesi kuti aratidze kuti mari yakapihwa inokanganisa sei dhizaini yakatenderwa , kwete kungotaura mutengo wakaderera wezvinhu. Kuchinja kune substrate, copper geometry, finish kana critical edge kungada kudzokororwa, zvichibvisa mukana wekutenga. Kana uri kuongorora pluggable-module board, optical transceiver PCB cost guide inobatanidza sarudzo dzepaneru neHDI, laminate uye connector finishes.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezvekugadziriswa kwePCB yeVhoriyamu

Ko array ine chikamu chakanakisa chebhodhi-nzvimbo ndiyo inogara ichidhura zvakanyanya here?

Kwete. Kuwanda kwe geometric hakutarisiri zvimwe zvemitengo yekushanda pamwe nekuchinja kwese kwe goho kana kubatanidzwa. Enzanisa mutengo unotarisirwa uye unoonekwa payuniti imwe neimwe inogamuchirwa.

Tinofanira kugadzirisa mutengo pakushandisa papuraneti yega yega kana papuraneti yega yega yekutumira here?

Kutanga sarudza yuniti yekugamuchira yekutengeserana. Mapaneru ekushanda iyuniti dzekugadzira dzemukati; vatengi vanowanzo bhadhara mabhodhi asina chinhu anogamuchirwa, ma arrays akapedzwa anogamuchirwa kana maSET akabvumiranwa. Gadzirisa uniti iyoyo.

Marongerwo epaneru anofanira kuomeswa rini?

Mushure mekunge mugadziri chaiye nemuunganidzi wepasi vabvumidza kubata, kupatsanura uye kugamuchirwa, uye hurongwa hwekutanga/hwekutanga hwaona kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo ekuchinja anodiwa. Kurongeka kwemuenzaniso wega hakuna humbowo hwakakwana hwezvirongwa zvese.

Nhamba inofungidzirwa ye yield inogona kuonekwa here muRFQ model?

Ehe, kana zvikaonekwa zvakajeka sefungidziro yemamiriro ezvinhu kwete kugona kwefekitori yekare kana garandi. Kuti uwane sarudzo chaiyo yemubairo, tsvaga ruzivo runoratidza maitiro akakodzera uye huwandu hwekugadzira.

Kumbira Ongororo yeVolume-Panel

Kuti muenzanise marongerwo maviri, tumirai madhirowa ePCB akaburitswa, madhirowa emhando ye "candidate array", huwandu hwemabhodhi akagamuchirwa, chiyero chekuunganidza, mamiriro ekutumira uye zvirambidzo zvinozivikanwa zvekubata. Highleap inogona kuongorora fungidziro chaiyo ye "quote" uye kuona macheki anodiwa vasati vasarudza "volume-production array". Fomu re "PCB quotation" reHighleap.