Iyo Definitive Guide kuPIC Microcontrollers ye2024

Peripheral Interface Controllers, kana PIC microcontrollers, yakave yakakosha mumasisitimu akaiswa mukati uye maindasitiri emagetsi kubva pakatanga kwavo muna 1993. Pakutanga yakagadzirirwa kudzora zvigadziriso zvemakombiyuta ePDP, PIC microcontrollers kubva zvino yava imwe yemhuri inonyanya kushandiswa microcontroller mhuri, nekuda nyore kushandisa kwavo, kukwanisa, uye kuita zvakasiyana. Iko kugona kutsigira serial programming, yakafara mushandisi base, uye nyore mukupindirana kwakasimbisa PIC microcontrollers seyekuenda-kune mhinduro kune vese hobbyists uye nyanzvi.

Kuzvikwata zvekugadzira, sarudzo yePIC microcontroller inofanira kuongororwa pamwe chete neongororo yePCB layout uye yekutanga prototype PCB build , nekuti pinout, oscillator routing, programming access, uye power decoupling zvinowanzo sarudza kana kuyedzwa kwefirmware kuchitanga zvakanaka.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopa runyoro rwakakwana rweVakuru makumi maviri vanonyanya kufarirwa PIC microcontrollers pamusika we20, zvichibva pakuita, mutengo-kushanda, uye huwandu hwavo hwakawanda hwekushandisa.

Chii chinonzi PIC Microcontrollers?

PIC microcontrollers ndeye compact integrated circuits (ICs) yakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa akaita sekugadzirisa data, kudzora zviratidzo, uye kupindirana nemimwe michina. Iwo anowanzo sanganisira CPU, ndangariro, yekupinda / kubuda (I / O) madoko, uye nguva pane imwechete chip. PIC MCUs inotsigira kutaurirana mapuroteni seUART, SPI, uye CAN, zvichiita kuti zvigadziriswe zvakanyanya kune akasiyana maapplication akadai otomatiki, marobhoti, zvemagetsi zvevatengi, nezvimwe.

Iwo akaiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana neavo mavakirwo, anosanganisira 8-bit, 16-bit, uye 32-bit akasiyana. Chikwata chega chega chinonangana neakasiyana mazinga ekuoma mumapurojekiti, ne8-bit PICs ari kunyanya kufarirwa kumabasa ari nyore nekuda kwechiyero chekushanda kwesimba nekushanda.

Pamusoro makumi maviri Akakurumbira PIC Microcontrollers muna 20

PIC microcontrollers inoramba ichitonga iyo yakadzamirirwa masisitimu mamiriro, akakosheswa kune akasiyana siyana, kugona, uye kugona kubatanidzwa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Heino tarisiro yepamusoro makumi maviri PIC microcontrollers ye20, ine nzwisiso mune yavo maficha uye akajairwa ekushandisa kesi.

1. PIC16F877A

Iyo PIC16F877A inoshandiswa zvakanyanya 8-bit microcontroller, inopa 368 bytes ye RAM, 256 bytes yeEEPROM, uye 10-bit ADC ine 8 chiteshi. Iyo inoratidzira PWM tsigiro uye makumi matatu neshanu mirairo yekurerutsira kwehurongwa. Iine 35KB yeFlash memory uye frequency yekushanda ye14 MHz, yakanakira zviridzwa zvemaindasitiri, masisitimu emagetsi epamba, uye zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza. Kuchinjika kwayo uye kusvikika kunoita kuti ive chikafu chezvirongwa zvinoda akawanda maI/O interfaces uye analog-to-digital shanduko.

2. PIC18F4550

Iyi microcontroller inozivikanwa ne8-bit architecture ine USB 2.0 rutsigiro, iyo inosanganisira yakakwidziridzwa Flash memory ye32KB uye 13-channel 10-bit ADC. Yayo yakavakirwa-mukati USB transceiver inoita kuti ive yakanyanya kukodzera kune USB-yakavakirwa yakamisikidzwa masisitimu, senge peripheral controllers uye mapurojekiti ekutema data. In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) tsigiro inowedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwayo kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa.

3. PIC12F683

A compact 8-bit microcontroller, iyo PIC12F683 ine 6 I/O pini uye 128 bytes eEEPROM. Iyo inobatanidza 10-bit ADC ine 4 chiteshi uye inosanganisira yekurara modhi yemabasa ekuchengetedza simba. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kune yakaderera-simba masisitimu, anosanganisira kure masensa uye madiki-scale midziyo, uko bhatiri kushanda kwakakosha.

4. PIC16F84A

Inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo, iyi 8-bit microcontroller inopa 13 I/O mapini, 68 bytes eRAM, uye 64 bytes eEEPROM. Iyo diki fomu chinhu uye simba-yekuchengetedza yekurara modhi inoita kuti ive yakakurumbira mumapurojekiti ekudzidzisa uye madiki otomatiki masisitimu. Iine 1024 mazwi eFlash memory, inonyanya kubatsira pakudzidza uye prototyping zvinangwa.

5. PIC32MX170F256

Iyo 32-bit microcontroller yakagadzirirwa mamwe maapplication epamberi, inopa 256KB yeFlash memory uye inoshanda pafrequency ye64 MHz. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kumabasa anoda yakakwirira yekugadzirisa simba, senge advanced robotics kana Internet yezvinhu (IoT) zvishandiso. Iyo inosanganisirawo UART, SPI, uye I²C kutaurirana mapuroteni, ichiwedzera kuwedzera kuita kwayo.

6. PIC24FJ64GA002

Iyi 16-bit microcontroller inoratidzira 64KB yeFlash memory uye yakavakirwa-mukati-chaiyo-nguva yewachi rutsigiro, pamwe negumi nematanhatu chiteshi 16-bit ADC. Inowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri ekudzora masisitimu, chaiyo-nguva yekutema dhata, uye yekutarisa maapplication, uko kwakaringana kuchengetedza nguva uye kugadzirisa data kunodiwa.

7. PIC18F46K22

Iyo 8-bit microcontroller ine gumi nematanhatu chiteshi chegumi-bit ADC uye yakaderera-simba maitiro modes, iyo PIC16F10K18 inosanganisirawo 46KB yeFlash memory uye 22 PWM modules. Yayo yekutora data uye mota yekudzora masimba inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune sensor-yakavakirwa mapurojekiti uye otomatiki kudzora masisitimu.

8. PIC18F25K22

Iine 28 I/O pini, 64KB yeFlash memory, uye makumi maviri nemana chiteshi che24-bit ADC, iyi 12-bit microcontroller inokunda musensor interfacing uye chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa masisitimu. Iyo yakaderera-simba yekurara modhi inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune simba-sensitive application, senge mota control kana embedded sensor arrays.

9. PIC12F629

Iyi 8-bit microcontroller ine 8 mapini, matanhatu ayo anogadziriswa I/O mapini. Inosanganisira 6 bytes yeEEPROM uye yakaderera-simba yekurara modhi, ichiita kuti ive yakakurumbira mumotokari masisitimu uye nyore maindasitiri ekudzora mamiriro. Hukuru hwayo hudiki uye kudhura-kushanda kunoita kuti ive yakanaka kukwana yekupinda-chikamu chemagetsi evatengi zvakare.

10. PIC18F87K22

Inoshanda pa64 MHz, iyi 8-bit microcontroller inotsigira 24 analog channels ine 12-bit ADC uye inoshanda pamusoro pehuwandu hwemagetsi e 1.8 kusvika 5.5 V. Inowanzoshandiswa mumagetsi e-battery-powered uye maindasitiri masisitimu anoda simba rekushanda pamwe chete. yakakwirira yekugadzirisa masimba.

11. PIC32MZ2048EFH144

Iyi ine simba 32-bit microcontroller inoratidzira 2MB yeFlash memory uye yakavakirwa-mukati crypto injini yekuchengetedza data kugadzirisa. Inonyatsokodzera kune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira IoT application, yakachengeteka networking, uye multimedia masisitimu. Yayo yepamusoro yekugadzirisa masimba inoigonesa kubata yakawanda data uye yakachengeteka kutaurirana.

12. PIC18F14K50

A compact 8-bit microcontroller, iyo PIC18F14K50 inobatanidza USB 2.0 tsigiro uye 9-channel 10-bit ADC, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakajairwa USB peripherals, senge vanhu-interface zvishandiso (HID) kana USB-based data logger.

13. PIC16F690

Iyi 8-bit microcontroller inouya ne 20 I/O pini, gumi-bit ADC, uye serial kutaurirana maficha, kusanganisira PWM rutsigiro. Kureruka kwayo kwekubatanidza kunoita kuti ive yakanaka kune sensor-based mapurojekiti uye yakaderera-simba maapplication senge otomatiki epamba uye madiki emagetsi.

14. PIC12F675

Yakakurumbira 8-bit microcontroller ine 6 GPIO pini, iyo PIC12F675 inopa 128 bytes eEEPROM uye gumi-bit ADC. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu epasi-ekupedzisira maindasitiri uko RISC architecture inogonesa kugadzirisa kwemabasa akareruka, senge sensor data kuverenga uye chiratidzo chekugadzirisa.

15. PIC18F46K80

Yakagadzirirwa masisitimu ekutaurirana emotokari, iyi 8-bit microcontroller inotsigira CAN kutaurirana uye XLP (Extreme Low Power) tekinoroji. Iyo inoratidzira 32KB yeFlash memory, ichiita iyo yekuenda-kusarudzo yemotokari uye maindasitiri eCAN mabhazi maapplication uko kuchengetedza simba kwakakosha.

16. PIC16F88

Iyi 8-bit microcontroller inoratidzira yakakwidziridzwa nanoWatt tekinoroji yemapurojekiti anonzwa simba. Yayo 7KB Flash memory uye 16 I/O pini inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira yemidziyo inoshandiswa nebhatiri uye mamwe masisitimu ane simba-pasi, senge zvinopfekwa uye zvinonzwa zviri kure.

17. PIC16F1829

Iyi microcontroller yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwesimba-inoshanda, ine yakanyanya kuderera-simba (XLP) tekinoroji uye 16 MHz yemukati oscillator. Yayo 32KB yeFlash memory uye chaiyo-nguva maficha anoita kuti ive yakanakira IoT uye inopfeka tekinoroji, uko kwakakosha hupenyu hwebhatiri.

18. PIC16F676

Iine 8 chiteshi chegumi-bit ADC, 10 bytes eEEPROM, uye 128 I/O mapini, iyo PIC8F16 i676-bit microcontroller inonyatsokodzera kuvatengi vemagetsi, midziyo, uye maindasitiri ekudzora masisitimu anoda chaiyo analog-to-digital. kutendeuka.

19. PIC18F458

Iyo PIC18F458 inopa 32KB yeFlash memory uye yakakwirira ikozvino sink kugona, pamwe neyakasanganiswa CAN bhazi rutsigiro. Iyo inowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri otomatiki uye emotokari masisitimu, uko kwakasimba kutaurirana uye kutonga masisitimu kwakakosha kune chaiyo-nguva data management uye system diagnostics.

20. PIC32MX250F128B

Iyi 32-bit microcontroller inoratidzira 128KB yeFlash memory uye inoshanda pa40 MHz. Yayo yakasanganiswa UART, SPI, uye I²C mapuroteni ekutaurirana anoita kuti ive mumiriri akasimba weakanyanya-kuita akamisikidzwa masisitimu, anosanganisira michina yekurapa uye akaomesesa maindasitiri controller.

Imwe neimwe yeiyi PIC microcontrollers inounza akasiyana maficha patafura, ingave iri kugadzirisa simba, I/O kuchinjika, kana kushanda nesimba. Ivo vanovhara huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa kubva nyore sensor control to yakaoma maindasitiri masisitimu, vachivaita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemainjiniya nevagadziri mumaindasitiri.

Basic Architecture yePIC Microcontrollers

Kunzwisisa chimiro chePIC microcontroller kwakakosha pakusarudza iyo chaiyo yepurojekiti yako. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:

• CPU (Central Processing Unit) : Kufanana nemamwe ma microcontrollers, CPU inogadzira mirairo uye inobata mashandiro ekuverenga/kurongeka. Inotaura nezvimwe zvikamu zvesystem kuti iite mabasa.

• Memory (Program and Data Memory) : MaPIC microcontrollers ane mhando mbiri huru dzememory:

  • Chirongwa Memory inochengeta iyo kodhi iyo microcontroller inoita.
  • Data Memory (RAM) inobata kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi kwezvakasiyana panguva yekuitwa kwechirongwa. EEPROM inogonawo kuwanikwa kune isiri-inoshanduka data yekuchengetedza.

• Maports eI/O : Maports akawanda anobvumira microcontroller kutaurirana nemidziyo yekunze. Huwandu nerudzi rwemapini eI/O (akadai seanalog-to-digital converters) zvinosiyana pakati pema PIC models akasiyana.

• MaTimer neADC (Analog kuenda kuDigital Converter) : MaTimer anobatsira kugadzirisa mabasa anoenderana nenguva, ukuwo maADC achishandura masaini eanalog kuita edhijitari, anobatsira pamapurogiramu akavakirwa pamasensa.

• Oscillator : Inodzora frequency yewachi ye microcontroller, ichitsanangura kumhanya kwainoshanda.

• Kutaurirana : Ma microcontroller ePIC anotsigira maprotocol akadai seUSART, SPI, uye I²C, zvichivabvumira kubatana nezvimwe zvikamu zvehardware nemasensa.

Kusarudza iyo Yakarurama PIC Microcontroller

Paunenge uchisarudza PIC microcontroller yepurojekiti yako, funga zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Kukurukurirana Kuenderana: Ita shuwa kuti microcontroller inotsigira maprotocol ekutaurirana (seUART, I²C, kana SPI) anodiwa nemaperipherals ako.
2. uchishandisa Voltage: Sarudza microcontroller ine yakakodzera kushanda voltage kuti ienderane nezvikamu mudhizaini yako.
3. I/O Pini: Ita shuwa kuti une yakakwana-yechinangwa yekupinda/inoburitsa (GPIO) mapini ekudzora midziyo yako yekunze. Kana purojekiti yako ichisanganisira mota kana masensa, funga nezvehuwandu hwePWM neADC pini.
4. Power Consumption: Kune mabhatiri-powered kana simba-sensitive application, sarudza mamicrocontrollers ane yakanyanya kuderera-simba (XLP) tekinoroji.
5. mutengo: Enzanisa mutengo weakasiyana mamicrocontrollers zvichibva pane izvo zvavanopa. Mazhinji akaderera-mutengo PIC microcontrollers anopa kuita kwakakwana kune nyore maapplication.

Zvishandiso zvekuronga zvePIC Microcontrollers

Paunenge uchigadzira nePIC microcontrollers, kusarudza maturusi chaiwo ekuronga kwakakosha pakugadzirisa maitiro ekusimudzira. Pazasi pane maviri eanonyanya kufarirwa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya maturusi ekuronga PIC microcontrollers.

1. MPLAB X IDE

MPLAB X IDE ndiyo yepamutemo yakasanganiswa budiriro nharaunda (IDE) yakapihwa neMicrochip Technology yekuronga uye kugadzirisa PIC microcontrollers. Kubva pane yakavhurika-sosi NetBeans chikuva, inotsigira akasiyana maficha kubatsira vanogadzira kugadzira, kuvaka, uye kugadzirisa kodhi yavo.

Zvimiro :

• • Multi-hwindo dhizaini yekuronga zvikamu zveprojekiti.
  • Inotsigira debugging, kusanganisira chaiyo-nguva inosiyana yekuongorora uye kodhi breakpoints.
  • Simulation ye microcontroller maitiro, ichikubvumidza kuti uedze chirongwa chako usingade hardware yemuviri.
  • Cross-platform kuenderana (inotsigira Windows, macOS, uye Linux).
  • Rutsigiro rwakabatanidzwa rwevakasiyana vanyori, seMPLAB XC8, XC16, uye XC32, yakagadzirirwa mhuri dzakasiyana dzePIC microcontrollers.
  • Inotsigira wechitatu-bato plugins kune mamwe maficha.

MPLAB X IDE yakanyatsokodzera vagadziri vanoshanda nePIC microcontrollers sezvo ichibatanidza isina musono neMicrochip's hardware programmers uye debugger, ichipa yakabatana budiriro nharaunda.

2. PICKIT4

PICKIT4 inonyanya kufarirwa in-circuit debugger uye programmer inoshandiswa kuisa kodhi kuPIC microcontrollers. Inobatana nekombuta kuburikidza ne USB uye inopindirana neiyo microcontroller kuburikidza nemapini ayo ekuronga. PICKIT4 ndiye anotsiva kune yekutanga PICKIT3 uye inounza akati wandei magadzirirwo ekuvandudza mashandiro uye ruzivo rwemushandisi.

Zvimiro :

• • Inokurumidza hurongwa uye kukurumidza kugadzirisa zvichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura.
  • Inotsigira huwandu hwakawanda hwePIC microcontrollers, kusanganisira mhando nyowani.
  • Inobvumira vashandisi kuronga iyo microcontroller zvakananga kubva kuMPLAB X IDE.
  • Yakavakwa-mukati SD kadhi slot yekuchengetedza firmware uye mafaira eprojekiti.
  • Inotakurika dhizaini, ichiita chishandiso chinoshanda chebasa remumunda kana pa-saiti hurongwa.

PICKIT4 inorerutsa maitiro ekudhawunirodha firmware pane microcontroller uye inopa debugging functionalities, ichibvumira vanogadzira kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kodhi yavo zvakananga pane Hardware. Icho chishandiso chakakosha kune ese prototyping uye kugadzirwa nharaunda.

mhedziso

PIC microcontrollers inoramba iri dombo repakona yemusika wakadzikwa masisitimu muna 2024, ichipa mhinduro dzinotyisa uye dzinoshanda nesimba kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda padiki DIY purojekiti kana kugadzira yakaoma maindasitiri kudzora sisitimu, PIC microcontrollers inopa kuita kwakasiyana-siyana, kugona, uye nyore kuronga, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakangwara kune vese vanotanga uye vane ruzivo vanogadzira.

Semugadziri anotungamira wePCB & PCBA, tinopa masevhisi emagetsi mamwechete, kusanganisira kutenga zvinhu uye mhinduro dzegungano dzakagadzirirwa. Batira pamwe nesu kuunza mapurojekiti ako kuhupenyu-kubva pakugadzira yakavimbika IoT mhinduro kusvika pakugadzira-inoshanda-inoshanda yakamisikidzwa masisitimu. Iine chaiyo PIC microcontroller uye nyanzvi yedu yekugadzira masevhisi, purojekiti yako inogona kuwana hunyanzvi hwekuita, otomatiki, uye mutengo-unoshanda zvinoenderana nezvido zvako. Svika kwatiri kuti tigadzirise rwendo rwako runotevera rwebudiriro!