SMD Resistor: Yakazara Nhungamiro yePCB Gungano uye SMT Manufacturing
ziviso
Chinodzivirira cheSMD ndicho chinonyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekugadzika pamusoro pechinhu, chichiita zvinopfuura 60% yezvikamu zvese zveSMT pamabhodhi edunhu akajairika. Chinodzivirira cheSMD, kana kuti chinodzivirira pamusoro pechinhu, chinhu chemagetsi chinoshandiswa otomatiki chakagadzirirwa kuiswa zvakananga pamaPCB pads pasina kuboorwa kwechinhu. Kusiyana nezvinodzivirira zvechinyakare zvepakati pechinhu zvinoda kuiswa kwelead uye wave soldering, zvinodzivirira pamusoro pechinhu zvinogonesa marongero ePCB ane density yakakura uye kumhanya kwekuunganidza nekukurumidza.
Uku kushanduka kwakakosha mukugadzira kwaita kuti zvikamu zveSMT ive chiyero cheindasitiri, ichidzikisa saizi yebhodhi kusvika ku70% uku ichivandudza kutendeseka kwechiratidzo pamafafitera epamusoro. Shanduko kubva kuburikidza-mugomba kuenda kuSMD resistor tekinoroji yakasandura kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, ichigonesa michina yemakompakiti inotsanangura tekinoroji yemazuva ano.
SMD Resistor Kuvaka
Chii chinonzi SMD Resistor?
SMD Resistor Chimiro uye Kuvaka
SMD resistor ine zvinhu zvitatu zvekutanga: a ceramic substrate inopa simba remuchina uye kugadzikana kwekupisa, resitive film layer inotaridza kukosha kwemagetsi kuramba, uye kumiswa kwesimbi electrode pamativi ese maviri ekutengesa kuPCB pads. Chinhu chinopikisa chinowanzogadzirwa kubva kusimbi oxide kana simbi firimu, yakachengetedzwa negirazi kana epoxy coating. Ichi chivakwa chinobvumira iyo yekumusoro gomo resistor kuti ikwanise kumira tembiricha yekuyerera inosvika 260 ° C ichichengetedza yakagadzikana hunhu hwemagetsi.
Circuit Symbol Representation
Chiratidzo cheSMD resistor mumadhayagiramu edunhu chinotevera tsika imwecheteyo seresistors dzinopinda nepaburi, dzinomiririrwa nemutsara we zigzag mumazinga eAmerica kana bhokisi re rectangular mumazinga epasi rose eIEC. Zvimisikidzo zvezvikamu zvinotanga ne "R" zvichiteverwa nenhamba inotevedzana. Pamagadzirirwo ePCB , tsoka dzeSMD resistor dzinoonekwa semapedhi maviri e rectangular ane nzvimbo inoenderana nehukuru hwepakeji yechikamu.
SMD Resistor Size Makodhi
SMD resistor saizi macode anoshandisa mana-manhamba eumambo yekuyera sisitimu apo manhamba maviri ekutanga anoratidza kureba uye maviri ekupedzisira anoratidza hupamhi mumazana ema inch:
- 0402 package - 1.0mm × 0.5mm kune ekupedzisira-compact nharembozha
- 0603 package - 1.6mm × 0.8mm yemagetsi evatengi
- 0805 package - 2.0mm × 1.2mm kuenzanisa saizi uye simba rekubata
- 1206 package - 3.2mm × 1.6mm yemashandisirwo emagetsi epamusoro
- 2512 package - 6.3mm × 3.2mm yemagetsi manejimendi maseketi
Mapakeji madiki senge 0201 anoshanda ekupedzisira-compact maapplication, ukuwo hukuru hukuru hunobata yakakwira simba rekubvisa zvinodiwa.
Mhando dzeSMD Resistor
Mhando dzeSMD Resistors
Yakakobvu Firimu SMD Resistor
Makobvu emafirimu resistors anotonga zvakajairwa-chinangwa maapplication nekuda kwemutengo-kushanda kwavo uye kuita kwakavimbika. Kugadzira kunosanganisira kudhinda-kudhinda inodzivirira paste paceramic substrate, inoteverwa nekupisa-tembiricha kupfura. Aya marudzi eSMD resistor anowanzo kupa kushivirira kwe ± 1% kusvika ± 5% nematembiricha coefficients akatenderedza ±100 kusvika ±200 ppm/°C. Tekinoroji yefirimu yakakora inotsigira kupikisa kukosha kubva ku1Ω kusvika 10MΩ, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akawanda akajairwa dhizaini dhizaini.
Mutete Firimu SMD Resistor
Mafirimu akaonda anopikisa anopa kurongeka kwepamusoro kuburikidza nekuisa vacuum kwemafirimu esimbi alloy, kazhinji nickel-chromium, pane ceramic substrates. Maitiro aya anoita kuti kushivirira kuve kwakasimba se ± 0.1% ine tembiricha coefficients pazasi ± 25 ppm/°C. Iyo yakagadziridzwa kugadzikana inoita yakaonda firimu SMD resistors yakakosha kune yekuyera michina, michina yekurapa, uye chaiyo analog maseketi. Nepo mitengo yekugadzira ichipfuura yakakora firimu dzimwe nzira, mabhenefiti ekuita anopembedza kushandiswa kwavo mune yakakwirira-chaiyo maapplication.
Metal Element uye Foil Resistors
Metal element resistors, yakavakwa kubva kune yakawanda simbi mitsetse, inokunda mune yazvino yekunzwa maapplication ane ekupikisa kukosha pazasi 1Ω uye masimba emagetsi anosvika 3W mumapakeji eSMD akajairwa. Metal foil akasiyana anowana kudzikama tembiricha iri pazasi ± 5 ppm/°C kuburikidza nesimbi yakatetepa foil yakasungirirwa kune ceramic substrates. Aya akasarudzika ekumusoro gomo resistor marudzi anoshanda akakosha mashandisirwo musimba manejimendi, yekutarisa bhatiri, uye chaiyo yekuyera masisitimu.
Chip Resistor Arrays
Resistor arrays anobatanidza akawanda anodzivirira zvinhu mune imwechete SMD resistor package, kuderedza bhodhi nzvimbo uye mutengo wegungano. Magadzirirwo anosanganisira akaparadzana resistors, akajairika mabhazi network, uye voltage divider gadziriro. Iyo yakajairwa 4-resistor array mu1206 package inotora nzvimbo shoma pane yemunhu ega zvinhu uku ichisimbisa inofananidzwa yekupikisa kukosha. Iyi nzira inoratidza kukosha mudhijitari-kune-analog converters uye kumisa network.
| mhando | Kururama (Kushivirira) | Power Rating | Temperature Coefficient (TCR) | Cost Level | Maitiro echimiro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yakakobvu Firimu Resistor | ±1% - ±5% | 0.05 - 1 W | ±100 - ±500 ppm/°C | Low | General-chinangwa maseketi, vatengi zvemagetsi, mota modules |
| Mutete Firimu Resistor | ±0.1% - ±1% | 0.05 - 0.5 W | ±5 - ±50 ppm/°C | nzira | Precision analog maseketi, chiridzwa, mhinduro network |
| Metal Film Resistor | ±0.1% - ±2% | 0.125 - 2 W | ±10 - ±100 ppm/°C | nzira | Audio amplifiers, chaiyo yekuyera michina |
| Metal Foil Resistor | ±0.01% - ±0.1% | 0.05 - 0.25 W | ±0.2 - ±2 ppm/°C | High | High-precision circuits, aerospace, mauto, zvemagetsi zvekurapa |
| Wirewound Resistor (SMD) | ±0.1% - ±5% | 0.25 - 3 W | ±10 - ±20 ppm/°C | High | Maseketi emagetsi, ikozvino kunzwa, yakakwirira-yakavimbika maapplication |
| Resistor Array / Network | ±1% - ±5% | pachikamu 0.05 - 0.25 W | ±50 - ±200 ppm/°C | nzira | Compact multi-channel circuits, digital signal processing, sensors |
SMD Resistor Kumaka Makodhi uye Kuzivikanwa
Three-Digit EIA Standard Code
Iyo yakajairika SMD resistor code system inoshandisa manhamba matatu apo maviri ekutanga anomiririra manhamba akakosha uye yechitatu inoratidza simba rekuwedzera regumi. Kodhi "103" inoturikira kuti 10 × 10³ = 10kΩ, nepo "472" yakaenzana ne47 × 10² = 4.7kΩ. Kana nhamba yechitatu iri "8," wedzera na 0.01, uye "9" zvinoreva kuwanza na 0.1. Vara rekuti “R” rinoratidza chidimbu chegumi, saka “4R7” inomiririra 4.7Ω.
Four-Digit Precision Code
Yakakwirira-chaiyo SMD resistors anoshandisa mana-manhamba makodhi kune akasimba kushivirira zvikamu. Mavara matatu ekutanga anomiririra manhamba akakosha, uye yechina inoratidza anowedzera. Kodhi "1002" inoturikira ku100 × 10² = 10kΩ ine ± 1% kana kushivirira zviri nani. Iyi yakawedzera resistor identification system inobvumira vagadziri kuti vatarise chaiyo kukosha pane yakaonda firimu pamusoro pegomo resistors.
E96 Code System
Iyo E96 resistor kodhi inoshandisa maviri-manhamba nhamba kodhi pamwe netsamba inowedzeredza kune chaiyo resistors ine ± 1% kushivirira. Kodhi yenhamba inoreva tafura yekutarisa ye96 yakajairwa, nepo mavara achimiririra vawandisa kubva pa10⁰ kusvika pa10⁹. Semuenzaniso, "25C" inoenderana ne178 × 10² = 17.8kΩ. Iyi sisitimu inowedzera ruzivo rwehuwandu pane diki SMD resistor mapakeji.
Unmarked Miniature Packages
SMD resistors mu0402 uye madiki mapakeji kazhinji haatakure mamaki nekuda kwehukuru hwekumanikidza. Zvinhu izvi zvinoda kunyatsobatwa nechikamu tepi uye reel label kuti uchengetedze chitupa pagungano rese. Vazhinji vagadziri vanovimba nekurongedza magwaro uye otomatiki optical verification panguva yekuiswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hunhu hwakakwana hunosvika pamutsetse wePCB.
SMD Resistor Three-Digit EIA Standard Code
SMD Resistor Magetsi Matsanangudzo
Resistance Range uye Kushivirira
Yakajairwa SMD resistors span kuramba kukosha kubva 0.01Ω kusvika 100MΩ pane akasiyana matekinoroji. Zvikamu zvemufirimu makobvu zvinowanzopa kushivirira kwe ± 1%, ± 2%, kana ± 5%, nepo shanduro dzemafirimu dzakatetepa dzichiwana ± 0.1%, ± 0.25%, kana ± 0.5% chaiyo. Iyo E24, E96, uye E192 nhevedzano inotsanangura akajairwa kuramba maitiro, ane akakwira akatevedzana manhamba anopa akakwenenzverwa kukosha gradation.
SMD Resistor Power Rating
SMD resistor simba ratings inotsamira zvakanyanya pakukura kwepakeji uye manejimendi ekupisa:
- 0402 package - 0.063W yepasi-simba masaini maseketi
- 0603 package - 0.1W yeakajairika madhijitari uye analog application
- 0805 package - 0.125W kuenzanisa saizi uye simba rekupisa
- 1206 package - 0.25W yekubata simba zvine mwero
- 2512 package - 1W yekushandisa manejimendi emagetsi
Chaiyo simba rekubvisa simba rinosiyana nePCB mhangura nzvimbo, ambient tembiricha, uye kuyerera kwemhepo. Conservative derating kusvika 50-70% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hunovimbisa kuvimbika.
Temperature Coefficient
Tembiricha coefficient of resistance (TCR) inoratidza kuti kuramba kunochinja sei netembiricha, kuyerwa muzvikamu pamiriyoni padhigirii Celsius (ppm/°C). Firimu gobvu SMD resistors rinowanzoratidza ± 100 kusvika ± 200 ppm/°C, ukuwo mafirimu matete mavhezheni achiwana ±25 kusvika ±50 ppm/°C. Kune chaiwo maseketi anoshanda mukati mehupamhi tembiricha mazinga, yakaderera TCR tsika dzinodzivirira kukukurwa. Zvishandiso zvakaita sereferensi yemagetsi zvinoda tembiricha coefficients pazasi ± 25 ppm/°C.
Voltage uye Temperature Limits
Yakakura yekushanda voltage yeSMD resistors inotorwa kubva kune ese simba reti uye chikamu chekuvaka. Hwaro hwemazuva ese hunobva pa50V ye0402 mapakeji kusvika pa200V ye1206 uye saizi hombe. Kushanda tembiricha dzinowanzo tambanudzira -55 ° C kusvika +155 ° C kune zvekutengesa-giredhi zvikamu. Kupfuura voltage ratings kune njodzi yekuparara kwedielectric, ukuwo tembiricha yakanyanyisa inomhanyisa kuramba kudonha.
SMD Resistor Zvishandiso uye Dhizaini Mafungiro
Common Circuit Mabasa
SMD resistors inoita mabasa akakosha pane ese emagetsi magadzirirwo:
- Voltage division -Kuyera mazinga echiratidzo uye inogadzira mareferensi voltages mumaseketi eanalog
- Ikozvino kudzikamisa -Inodzivirira maLED, transistors, uye zvinhu zvinonzwisa tsitsi kubva kune overcurrent
- Bias network -Inomisikidza yakakodzera mapoinzi ekushanda e transistors uye amplifiers
- Kuguma - Machisa kutapurirana mutsara impedances kudzivirira chiratidzo chekuratidzira
- Ikozvino kuona - Inotarisisa kuburitsa kwemagetsi uchishandisa yakaderera-kukosha, yakakwirira-simba resistors
Dhonza-kumusoro uye kudonhedza-pasi resistors inogadza logic mazinga mumadhijitari masisitimu, nepo nzira dzemhinduro dzichidzikamisa anoshanda amplifier maseketi.
High-Frequency Circuit Zvinodiwa
MuRF uye yakakwira-kumhanya madhijitari maapplication, SMD resistor kusarudzwa kunofanirwa kuverengera parasitic inductance uye capacitance inokanganisa chiratidzo chekuvimbika pamusoro pe100MHz. Madiki epasuru saizi se0402 anoratidza yakaderera parasitics pane 1206 zvikamu pamutengo wakafanana wekupikisa. Kupedzisa kumisa kuvaka kunoderedza inductive mhedzisiro. Kuiswa kwakaringana padhuze nemidziyo inoshanda uye kushoma kwekutsvaga kureba kuchengetedza chiratidzo chemhando.
PCB Layout Guidelines
Yakakodzera SMD resistor footprint dhizaini inovimbisa yakavimbika solder majoini uye manufacturability. Pad zviyero zvinofanirwa kuwedzera 0.1-0.2mm kupfuura kuguma kwechikamu kumativi ese. Kuchengetedza 0.4-0.6mm kupatsanura pakati pezvikamu zviri padyo inobvumira kuwana rework kuwana uye otomatiki yekutarisa yekutarisa. Ground ndege clearances pasi pezvikamu zvinoderedza parasitic capacitance mumaseketi chaiwo.
Reflow Soldering Kuvimbika
SMD resistors inofanirwa kumira akawanda reflow cycles panguva yePCB gungano, kunyanya mumagungano emativi maviri. Zvikamu zvakajairwa zvinopona katatu kupfuura nepamusoro petembiricha ye245-260 ° C pasina kuderedzwa. Yakakodzera solder paste vhoriyamu, inodzorwa kudziyisa mitengo, uye yakakodzera pasuru saizi yekusarudza inoderedza kutsemuka. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuvimbika kwepamusoro-soro kwepamusoro-soro pasi pemamiriro ekupisa bhasikoro.
SMD Resistor & Kuburikidza neHole Resistor
SMD Resistor vs Kuburikidza neHole Resistor
Saizi uye Gungano Kubudirira
Iyo SMD resistor inopa inokatyamadza nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kana ichienzaniswa nekupfuura-gomba dzimwe nzira, ine 0603 package inogara isingasviki gumi muzana yenzvimbo yebhodhi inodiwa neyechinyakare axial resistor. Iyi density mukana inogonesa masekete akaomarara mune compact fomu zvinhu. Otomatiki yekunhonga-uye-nzvimbo michina inoisa zvikamu zveSMT pamitengo inodarika zviuru makumi matatu paawa, nepo kupinza-gomba kunoda maitiro anononoka. Kubviswa kwemabasa ekuchera kunowedzera kuderedza nguva yekugadzira.
Mari uye Rework Kufunga
Mutengo wezvikamu zveSMD resistors unowanzo mhanya 30-50% yakaderera pane kuburikidza-gomba akaenzana nekuda kwekugadzira otomatiki uye kugona kwezvinhu. Nekudaro, gungano reSMT rinoda mari yekutanga yekushandisa mari. Surface mount resistor rework inoda maturusi emhepo inopisa uye basa remicroscope, zvichiita kuti kugadzirisa kwemunda kuome. Kune yakaderera-vhoriyamu prototypes, kuburikidza-gomba zvikamu zvinochengetedza zvakanakira mukureruka kwekusangana kwebhuku.
Mashandiro Emagetsi Kusiyana
SMD resistors anoratidza hukuru hwepamusoro-frequency performance nekuda kwehurefu hupfupi hwekutungamira hunoderedza parasitic inductance. Iyo yakajairika 0805 pamusoro pegomo resistor inoratidza isingasviki 1nH inductance, nepo axial kuburikidza-gomba resistor inogona kuratidza 10-20nH. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikamu zveSMD zvive zvakakosha pamusoro pe100MHz. Sezvineiwo, kuburikidza-gomba resistors anobata akakwira mazinga emagetsi munzvimbo dzakafanana dzetsoka nekuda kwekupisa kuri nani kuburikidza nemitungamiri.
Yakajairwa SMD Resistor Kukundikana Modes uye Kuongorora
Thermal Stress uye Mechanical Kukundikana
Kupisa bhasikoro panguva yekushanda uye kusangana kunogadzira iyo yekutanga kutadza nzira yeSMD resistors kuburikidza neiyo coefficient yemafuta ekuwedzera kusawirirana pakati peceramic zvikamu uye FR-4 PCB zvinhu. Kudzokororwa kushushikana kunonangana pamajoini anotengeswa, zvichigona kukonzera kutsemuka kunowedzera kuramba kana kugadzira majoini epakati. Kuraswa kwesimba rakawandisa kunogadzira nzvimbo dzinopisa dzemukati dzinomhanyisa kuramba kukukurwa. Kudzikisira kwakaringana uye kudzora kudzokororwa profiles kunoderedza idzi njodzi.
Resistance Drift uye Degradation
Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune yakakwirira tembiricha, hunyoro, uye kusagadzikana kwemagetsi kunokonzera zvishoma nezvishoma SMD resistor kukosha shanduko. Makobvu emafirimu anopikisa anogona kukukurwa ± 1-2% kwemakore akati wandei pasi pemamiriro akajairwa, nepo zvikamu zvemufirimu zvitete zvinochengetedza kugadzikana. Electromigration mune yakakwirira-ikozvino maapplication anogona kushandura kuramba nekufambisa maatomu esimbi mukati meiyo firimu chimiro. Maseketi akakosha anoda kugadzikana kwenguva refu anofanirwa kutsanangura zvikamu zvine hunhu hwekuchembera.
Maitiro Okuongorora Unhu
Automated optical inspection (AOI) inosimbisa SMD resistor kuvapo, kutaridzika, uye solder joint quality pakarepo mushure mokuyerera. Kuongororwa kweX-ray kunoratidza kukanganisa kwakavanzika senge voids mune solder yekubatanidza. In-circuit bvunzo inoyera chaiyo yekuramba kukosha kuratidza chaiyo chikamu chekuiswa. IPC-A-610 miyero inotsanangura maitiro ekugamuchirwa ekugadzira majoini ekutengesa, kusanganisira fillet chimiro uye kushoma solder kufukidzwa pane pamusoro pegomo resistor kumiswa.
Indasitiri Mitemo Kutevedzera
Maitiro ekugadzira anofanirwa kutevedzera J-STD-001 zvinodiwa zvekutengesa magetsi uye zvemagetsi magungano, zvichitsanangura yakakodzera solder majoini ekuumbwa uye maitiro ekushanda. IPC-7351 inotsanangura mazinga epasi peteni inovimbisa inopindirana SMD resistor tsoka. Component qualification inotevera AEC-Q200 zviyero zvemotokari kunyorera, inoda yakawedzera tembiricha kubhasikoro uye mekiniki yekuvhunduka kuyedzwa. Aya mazinga anovimbisa kuita kwakavimbika munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushanda.
mhedziso
Iyo SMD resistor yave yakakosha mukugadzira zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti miniaturization uye kuvandudzwa kwekuita kunotsanangura tekinoroji yanhasi. Kubva payakakora mabhaisikopo ekupikisa mune zvemagetsi zvevatengi kusvika kune zvakaonda zvitete firimu zvikamu mumidziyo yekurapa, aya ekumusoro egomo resistors anoumba hwaro hwechinenge chiri chose chigadzirwa chemagetsi. Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana, zvirevo, uye kufunga kwekushandisa kunobvumira mainjiniya kuti asarudze zvakaringana zvikamu uku uchiona kuvimbika kwekugadzira.
Highleap Electronics inopa masevhisi akazara eSMT assembly nehunyanzvi mukuita kwese kweSMD resistor:
- Yepamberi yekuisa masisitimu -Yakakwirira-chaiyo michina inovimbisa chaiyo SMD resistor chinzvimbo che 0201 kusvika 2512 mapakeji.
- Kuongorora kwemhando yepamusoro - Multi-stage AOI uye X-ray verification inosimbisa yakakodzera solder majoini maumbirwo uye zvinhu zvakakosha
- Thermal manejimendi -Optimized reflow profiles inoderedza kushushikana kwekupisa uku uchiona yakavimbika solder kubatana
- Standards kutevedzera -Kuomerera kwakazara kune IPC-A-610 uye J-STD-001 kune inowirirana mhando yegungano.
- Flexible production -Kutsigira prototype kusimudzira kuburikidza neakakwira-vhoriyamu kugadzira nekuvimbika kunoenderana
Bata timu yedu yeinjiniya kuti mukurukure kuti kugona kwedu kugadzira maPCB kunogona sei kupa hungwaru uye kushanda zvakanaka kwepurojekiti yenyu inotevera yemagetsi.
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Nzira yekuwana sei quote yePCBs
Ngatimhanyei DFM/DFA ongororo yenyu todzokera kwamuri nereport. Unogona kurodha mafaera ako zvakachengeteka kuburikidza newebhusaiti yedu. Isu tinoda ruzivo rwunotevera kuti tikupe iwe quote:
-
- Gerber, ODB++, kana .pcb, spec.
- BOM rondedzero kana iwe uchida kusangana
- uwandu
- Kuchinja nguva
Pamusoro pekugadzira PCB, isu tinopa huwandu hwakakwana hwemagetsi masevhisi, anosanganisira PCB dhizaini, PCBA, uye turnkey mhinduro. Kunyangwe iwe uchida rubatsiro neprototyping, dhizaini yekusimbisa, kutsvagisa chikamu, kana kugadzirwa kwakawanda, isu tinopa yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo rutsigiro kuti uve nechokwadi chekubudirira kweprojekiti yako.
Kune masevhisi ePCBA, ndapota ipa BOM yako (Bhiri reZvinhu) uye chero mirairo yegungano. Isu tinopawo DFM/DFA ongororo yekukwidziridza zvigadziriso zvako zvekugadzira uye kusangana, kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakatsetseka kwekugadzira.