I-ITEQ IT-88GMW PCB yamamojula e-radar angu-77 GHz

I-PCB ye-radar yezimoto engu-76–81 GHz iyisakhiwo se-electromagnetic, i-datum yemishini, kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-patch array, inethiwekhi yokudla, ukuqaliswa kwe-RFIC, uthango lomhlabathi, i-shield cavity, i-radome spacing, iphrofayili yethusi, ubukhulu be-dielectric, kanye nomngcele we-solder-mask konke kuhlanganyela empendulweni yokugcina ye-antenna. Ngaleso sizathu, i-laminate ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa ngokuzimela kusuka ku-geometry eyisebenzisayo.

I-ITEQ ibeka i-IT-88GMW njengomndeni we-laminate we-Tg RF ophansi kakhulu, ophansi kakhulu kanye nowokulungiselela i-radar yezimoto ezikude, eziphakathi nendawo, nezifushane kubhendi ye-76-81 GHz, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-mmWave ezikhethiwe, i-antenna, i-microwave-link, kanye nezindiza. Uhlu lwedatha yomphakathi ye-ITEQ olujwayelekile lwe-Dk 3.02 kanye ne-Df 0.0013 ku-10 GHz, i-Tg 185°C yi-TMA, i-T288 engaphezu kwemizuzu engama-60, kanye nokuziphatha okuzinzile kwe-dielectric ngokushisa. Lezo zibalo zikhomba isigaba sezinto; aziyona ilayisensi yokufaka i-3.02 kumodeli ye-77 GHz ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile kokwakhiwa.

Kungani Ibhodi Le-Radar Eliyi-77 GHz Lingaphathwa Njenge-RF Elinganisiwe

Ku-77 GHz, ubude be-wavelength besikhala esikhululekile bungaba ngu-3.9 mm kanti ubude be-wavelength obuqondisiwe ku-PCB esebenzayo bufushane. Iphutha elinobukhulu obungabonakali kahle ebhodini ledijithali lingamelela ingxenye ebalulekile yobude be-wavelength. Umphumela awukhawulelwe ekushintsheni okuncane kwe-impedance. Lingashukumisa i-resonance ye-patch, lishintshe ibhalansi yesigaba ku-array, lishintshe i-amplitude ethunyelwe ezintweni ngazinye, landise imisebe evundlile, noma liphambukise i-beam.

Yingakho ibhodi le-radar kungafanele lizuze amanothi okwenziwa ebhodini le-RF elinomthamo ophansi. Ubukhulu obubalulekile buhlanganisa ukujiya kwe-dielectric okuqediwe ngaphansi kwe-antenna, ububanzi obuqoshwe phezulu nangaphansi komugqa ngamunye wokuphakelayo, ukuthambekela kodonga lwethusi, ubulukhuni bethusi, okuqukethwe kwe-resin yendawo, ukuqondiswa kwengilazi, ukubhaliswa kwemaski, ukuphakama kwesikhala, igebe lomoya we-radome, kanye noshintsho lwephakheji kuya komugqa. Umdwebo webhodi kumele uhlukanise ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu okungubukhulu obujwayelekile bemishini nokuthi yiziphi izici zikagesi.

eliguqukayo	Kungani i-77 GHz ibucayi	Indlela yokuyilawula
Ubukhulu be-dielectric ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esikhipha imisebe	Ishintsha ukusebenza kahle kwe-permittivity, i-line impedance, i-patch resonance, i-coupling, kanye ne-phase velocity.	Qeda ukwakheka okuqondile kwe-core noma okulungisiwe; chaza ukujiya okuqediwe kanye nendlela yokulinganisa; hlanganisa izingxenye eziphambene namakhuphoni e-RF.
I-geometry yomqhubi oqoshiwe	I-sidewall taper kanye ne-over/under-etch zishintsha ububanzi obusebenzayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanje.	Sebenzisa isinxephezelo sobuciko be-impedance, chaza isisindo sethusi kanye nephrofayili ye-foil, hlola ububanzi obuphezulu/obuphansi ezicini ezimele.
Ubulukhuni bethusi	Ugesi womphumela wesikhumba ulandela ubuso bethusi; ukugoba kukhulisa ukulahlekelwa umqhubi futhi kungashintsha isigaba.	Cacisa i-VLP evunyiwe noma i-foil elinganayo ngokwakhiwa kwephrofayili elinganisekayo kanye nomhlinzeki, hhayi nje kuphela inkulumo ethi “iphrofayili ephansi.”
Ukuluka ngengilazi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-resin	I-anisotropy ye-Dk yendawo ingadala ukungalingani kwesigaba kanye nokwehluka kwe-element-to-element.	Buyekeza isitayela sengilazi, ukuma kwe-trace, okuqukethwe kwe-resin, izinketho ze-spread-glass, kanye nokuma kwephaneli; qinisekisa ukwakhiwa okukhishwe.
Imaski ye-Solder kanye nenganekwane	Ukulayisha nge-dielectric phezu komphetho we-feed noma we-antenna kungasusa isakhiwo.	Dala ukugcinwa okucacile okuzungeze ama-patches, ama-couplers, ama-resonator, ukuqaliswa, kanye nezici zokulinganisa; lawula ukubhaliswa.
Isivikelo, umgodi, kanye nesikhala se-radome	Izinto zensimbi neze-dielectric eziseduze ne-antenna zishintsha izimo zomngcele kanye nemisebe.	Yenza imodeli yendlu yangempela kanye ne-radome; chaza ama-datum omshini kanye ne-tolerance stack; qinisekisa amamojula ahlanganisiwe.

Ukubekezelelana ukwabiwa kokusebenza, hhayi ikhono elijwayelekile

Umenzi angase akwazi ukukhiqiza umkhondo omncane noma i-dielectric encane, kodwa umklamo usengakwazi ukukhululwa uma ukuhlukahluka okuvunyelwe kusebenzisa i-antenna-frequency noma isabelomali sesigaba. Ithimba lobunjiniyela kufanele labe ukushintsha kwe-resonance okuvunyelwe, ushintsho lokufakwa-ukulahlekelwa, kanye nephutha lesigaba phakathi kwezinto, i-etch, i-lamination, i-assembly, i-housing, kanye ne-temperature. Kulapho kuphela lapho umhlinzeki angaguqula khona ama-targets esistimu abe yizilawuli zesitolo.

Isibonelo, ukubekezelela ubude be-patch akufanele kukhethwe etafuleni elijwayelekile lobubanzi bomugqa. Kufanele kuthathwe ekuhlaziyweni kokuzwela kwe-electromagnetic: shanela ubukhulu be-patch, ubukhulu be-dielectric, i-Dk, ubukhulu bethusi, kanye nomngcele wemaski; thola iziguquguquko ezihambisa imvamisa ephakathi noma i-beam kakhulu; bese unikeza imikhawulo yokukhiqiza esebenzayo kulezo ziguquguquko. Indlela efanayo kufanele isetshenziswe kubahlukanisi bemigqa yamagatsha, izifunzo zochungechunge, izifunzo zezinkampani, izinguquko, kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo.

Qala Ngesakhiwo Se-Radar Module

Isinqumo sezinto ezibonakalayo siyashintsha ngokwakhiwa kwe-radar. Imojula encane ye-single-chip enama-antenna ephaketheni inendima ehlukile ye-PCB kune- patch array yezinga lebhodi enikezwa yi-RFIC. Ngokufanayo, i-cascaded multi-chip array, ibhodi le-antenna elihlukile elixhunywe ebhodini lokulawula ledijithali, kanye nomklamo we-antenna-in-package kudala izidingo ezahlukene ekubalweni kwezingqimba, ukubopha okuhlanganisiwe, ukuqaliswa kwezixhumi, izindlela zokushisa, kanye nokulinganiswa.

Ukwakhiwa kwemojuli	Izingozi eziyinhloko ze-PCB	Ukugxila ezinqumweni ze-IT-88GMW
I-patch array yezinga lebhodi ene-RFIC ku-PCB efanayo	Ukubekezelelana kwe-dielectric ye-antenna, ukuqaliswa kwe-RFIC, ibhalansi yesigaba senethiwekhi yokuphakelayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwesivikelo/kwe-radome.	Sebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-antenna ngqo njengento yokuklama; lawula ukugcinwa kwemaski, iphrofayili ye-foil, ukunyakaza kwe-lamination, kanye nedatha yokuhlanganisa.
Amabhodi okucubungula kanye ne-antenna ahlukene	Ukuqaliswa kwebhodi noma ibhodi le-coax, ukulungiswa kwemishini, ukuphindaphindwa kwesixhumi, ukuqhubeka kwendlela yokubuyela emuva.	I-IT-88GMW ingase igxile ebhodini le-antenna; qinisekisa ukuxhumeka kanye nokushintsha kwendiza yokubhekisela njengengxenye yesiteshi.
I-radar ye-hybrid/idijithali enezingqimba eziningi	Ukuhambisana kwe-CTE kanye nokwelapha, i-warpage, ukugeleza kwe-resin, ukubhaliswa phakathi kwe-RF kanye nezakhiwo zedijithali.	Faka isitaki esihlanganisiwe esiphelele; ungacabangi ukuthi izinto ezimbili ezifakazelwe ngazinye zizonamathelana ndawonye ngaphandle kwezinguquko zobukhulu noma zokuthembeka.
Isixazululo se-antenna esisephaketheni noma esikhanyisa iphakethe	I-PCB ingase ithwale i-RF yedijithali esheshayo, amandla, kanye nemvamisa ephansi kune-radiator eyinhloko.	I-laminate yebhodi engu-77 GHz ezinikele ingase ingadingeki kuzo zonke izendlalelo; khetha izinto ezivela kumsebenzi wangempela we-PCB.
I-array ehlakazekile noma esatshalalisiwe	Izindlela zokuphakela ezinde ezihambisanayo, ukuqaliswa kwamadivayisi amaningi, ubunzima bokulinganisa, indawo enkulu yephaneli.	Beka phambili ukuphindaphindwa kwesigaba, ukulawulwa kobukhulu bephaneli, iphrofayili yethusi, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa.

Ngakho-ke ukubuyekezwa kwe-stackup kufanele kuqale ngomdwebo wamabhulokhi ophawula yonke indlela engu-76-81 GHz, yonke ingqimba ekhipha imisebe, yonke inguquko eya ephaketheni noma esixhumini, kanye nayo yonke into engaphakathi kwe-antenna eduze kwensimu. Izidingo zedijithali, amandla, kanye nokulawula kufanele zengezwe ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izindiza zokubhekisela ze-RF noma i-antenna aperture.

Yakha Isabelomali Sejiyometri Ngaphambi Kokuqoqwa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe

Ithuluzi lokukhulula eliwusizo yisabelomali sejiyometri. Liguqula "ukubekezelelana okuqinile" kube uhlu lobukhulu, izindawo zokulinganisa, kanye nobufakazi bokwamukelwa. Isabelomali kufanele sakhiwe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kokugcina kwe-field-solver ngoba i-solver idinga ububanzi obungokoqobo, obukhiqizwayo kunokuba kube ugqinsi olufanele.

Faka izingqimba ze-RF ezisebenzayo efrijini. Thola indawo ekhanyayo, izendlalelo zokudla, izinkomba zomhlabathi, izendlalelo zokuphunyuka kwephakeji, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kwe-stripline noma i-microstrip.
Khetha isitayela sengilazi kanye nohlu lokuqukethwe kwe-resin ngomkhiqizi. Qinisekisa ukuthi yimaphi ama-cores e-IT-88GMW nama-prepreg atholakala njalo, angahlangabezana nobukhulu obuqondiwe, futhi adinga ukuthengwa okukhethekile.
Cacisa ithusi ngephrofayili kanye nobukhulu obuqediwe. Faka i-base foil, umnikelo we-plating lapho kufanele khona, uhlangothi lokwelashwa, nokuthi ngabe kusetshenziswe i-rolled, reverse-treated, VLP, noma enye iphrofayili efanelekile.
Ukwehluka kwenqubo yemodeli. Shanela ubukhulu be-dielectric, i-Dk, ubukhulu bethusi, ububanzi be-etch, i-engeli eseceleni, umngcele we-solder-mask, kanye nesikhala sendlu usebenzisa i-geometry efanayo ezokwakhiwa umkhiqizo.
Guqula ukuzwela kube imikhawulo yokudweba. Maka ubukhulu obubalulekile obuhambisana nomsebenzi bese uchaza ukuhlolwa noma ikhuphoni elifakazela ngayinye.
Thola isitifiketi sokubhalisa umhlinzeki. Imodeli ye-impedance ekhishwe kanye ne-antenna kufanele isebenzise ukwakhiwa okuhlongozwayo komhlinzeki kunokufaka umtapo wolwazi wezinto ezijwayelekile.

Gcina ukwakhiwa kwe-antenna kulula lapho kungenzeka khona

Yonke i-ply eyengeziwe, isikhombimsebenzisi sethusi, ungqimba lwebhondi, noma ushintsho oluhlanganisiwe lwethula okunye ukubekezelelana nokusebenzisana kwezinto. I-multilayer eyinkimbinkimbi ingadingeka ukuze kuqondiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe, kodwa ungqimba olukhipha imisebe akufanele lube yinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwenzuzo ecacile. Lapho ukwakheka kuvumela, sebenzisa umongo ozinzile ngaphansi kwe-antenna, gcina ireferensi yomhlabathi ingaphukile, gwema izici zendawo ezicebile nge-resin ezishintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu, futhi uqondise izakhiwo zamandla zedijithali noma ezishintshayo ezinomsindo kude nezindawo ezibucayi zokuvula.

Ibhalansi yethusi kanye nokulingana kwephaneli kusabalulekile. Ibhodi elihlangabezana nobukhulu be-RF bendawo kodwa eligobile ngemva kokugoba noma ukuhlanganiswa lingashintsha isikhala se-antenna-to-radome kanye nokuvalwa kwemojuli. I-mechanical stackup kufanele ibuyekezwe kanye ne-electromagnetic stackup, ikakhulukazi kuma-array amakhulu, ukuvikela okungalingani, ithusi elijiyile, insimbi ehlanganisiwe, noma ukwakheka kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.

I-Antenna, Inethiwekhi Yokuphakelayo, i-Radome, kanye ne-Cavity Co-Design

I-antenna ayikwazi ukuvunyelwa njengesendlalelo sobuciko esihlukanisiwe. Inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo ibeka ubukhulu kanye nesigaba; umhlabathi kanye nokulawula ucingo ukubuyisa ugesi kanye nokuvuza; ukuqaliswa kwephakheji kunezela i-inductance kanye ne-capacitance; isihlangu kanye nomgodi kudala imingcele yokuqhuba eseduze; kanti i-radome yethula ukulayisha kwe-dielectric. Ushintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo lungashintsha bonke lobu budlelwano ngoba ubude be-wavelength obuqondisiwe kanye nokuvalelwa kwensimu kuyashintsha.

Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Patch kanye ne-array

Sebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-electromagnetic ku-geometry yethusi eqediwe, okuhlanganisa ukuzungeza kwekhoneni, izindonga ezisemaceleni ze-trapezoidal, ukuqeda kobuso, kanye nanoma yimuphi umkhawulo we-solder-mask eduze kwe-radiator.
Hlola isikhala phakathi kwezakhi kanye nesigaba sokuphakelayo efasiteleni eligcwele lenqubo, hhayi kuphela ku-Dk nobukhulu obujwayelekile.
Yenza isibonelo sendawo ephansi elinganiselwe, unqenqema lwebhodi, izimbobo zokufaka, izikulufo, izihlangu, izimbambo zezindlu, imizimba yokuxhuma, kanye nensimbi eseduze engaphazamisa umgodi.
Hlola ubumsulwa be-polarisation, ukuma kweskena noma kwe-beam, ama-sidelobes, inzuzo, ukusebenza kahle, i-bandwidth ye-impedance, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa esakhiweni esihlanganisiwe.
Chaza ukuma kwephaneli uma ukuqondiswa kwengilazi egobile/egcwalisiwe noma ukwelulwa kobuciko kungadala ukuthambekela kwesigaba okuphindaphindwayo kulo lonke uhlu.

Inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-RFIC

Ukwethulwa kusuka ku-RFIC noma iphakheji kuya ebhodini kuvame ukuba ngesinye sezifunda ezizwela kakhulu. Ubukhulu bephedi, i-geometry ye-solder-joint, isakhiwo se-via-in-pad, ama-antipad, ama-ground vias, i-package escape, kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-reference-plane kufanele kulinganiswe ndawonye. I-laminate ene-Df ephansi ayikwazi ukubuyisa i-resonant nge-stub noma i-signal current engabuyiswanga kahle.

Kokuphakelayo kwenkampani, iphutha lesigaba eliqongelelekile lingalimaza kakhulu kunokulahlekelwa yingxenye eyodwa emfushane. Kokuphakelayo kochungechunge, i-RF impedance kanye nokulayisha kwemisebe kuyasebenzisana emgqeni. Kuzo zombili izimo, ububanzi bomugqa, isikhala, ukugoba, ama-tee, ama-couplers, kanye nama-element taps kufanele alawulwe njengenethiwekhi ehlangene. Ungasebenzisi umthetho ojwayelekile wama-ohm angu-50 kuwo wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kokucabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla okuklanyelwe kanye ne-element impedance.

I-Radome kanye ne-module cavity

I-radome akuyona nje isembozo somshini. Ukungaguquguquki kwayo kwe-dielectric, ukulahleka, ukujiya kodonga, ukugoba, upende, umswakama, inhlaka, igebe lomoya, kanye nebanga elivela ku-array kungashukumisa i-resonance futhi kushintshe ukuma komucu. I-cavity noma isivikelo singasekela nezindlela ze-parasitic noma zihambisane nomphetho we-antenna. Ngakho-ke, umdwebo womshini kufanele ufake uhlelo lwe-RF datum olulawula isikhala se-antenna-to-radome kanye ne-antenna-to-shield.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwemvelo kufanele kufake phakathi i-radome kanye nendlu yangempela, hhayi indawo yebhodi elivulekile. Izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukungcola, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini kungashintsha isikhala noma umthwalo we-dielectric ngisho noma i-PCB engenalutho ihlala ngaphakathi kwencazelo.

Izilawuli Zokukhiqiza Ezibalulekile ku-76–81 GHz

Kumaza e-millimeter-wave , ukuhlolwa kwe-PCB okuvamile kuyadingeka kodwa akwanele. I-AOI ingathola ama-open nama-shorts, kodwa ingase ingalingani ukuma kodonga lwethusi, ukujiya kwe-dielectric yendawo, iphrofayili ye-foil, noma ukulayishwa kwemaski ezindaweni ezilawula ukusebenza kwe-RF. Uhlelo lwenqubo kufanele lubone ukuthi yiziphi izici ezilawulwa amarekhodi ezinto ezingenayo, i-metrology yenqubo, izingxenye eziwelayo zekhuphoni, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwe-RF.

Isigaba sokukhiqiza	Into yokulawula	Ubufakazi okufanele bugcinwe
Izinto ezingenayo	I-IT-88GMW laminate/prepreg grade enembile, isitayela sengilazi, okuqukethwe yi-resin, uhlobo lwe-foil, indawo kanye nesimo seshelufu.	Isitifiketi sokuhambisana, ukulandeleka kwesabelo, i-TDS yamanje, irekhodi lokugcina, ukuqokwa kwefoyili.
Ukuthwebula izithombe nokuqopha	Ubukhulu bomugqa obalulekile kanye ne-patch, isinxephezelo sobuciko, indawo yephaneli, ububanzi obuphezulu/obuphansi, ukunqunywa okungaphansi.	Ukulinganiswa kwekhuphoni, i-microsection noma i-dimensional metrology, idatha yamandla enqubo yezici ezibalulekile.
Isililo	Ubukhulu be-dielectric obuqediwe, ukugeleza kwe-resin, ukunyakaza kwephaneli, ukubhaliswa, izikhala, ukwelapha, i-warpage.	Imephu yobukhulu, amakhuphoni okubhalisa, iresiphi yokucindezela, irekhodi lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, izingxenye eziwelanayo, idatha yokusicaba.
Ukubhoboza kanye nokwakheka	Ububanzi be-RF obudlula phansi kanye nendawo, ikhwalithi edlula odongeni, ubude be-stub, i-blind-via geometry.	I-X-ray/AOI, izingcezu ezincane, amarekhodi okubhoboza kanye nokufaka amaplati, ukulinganiswa kokujula kwe-backdrill lapho kusetshenziswa khona.
Imaski yokuhlanganisa nokuqeda	Ukuthobela imithetho, ukubhaliswa, ukujiya eduze kwezakhiwo ze-RF, ukujiya kokuqeda kanye nokufana.	Umbiko wokubhaliswa kwemaski, irekhodi elibonakalayo/le-AOI, isitifiketi sokuphela kwendawo kanye nesigaba esimele.
Isivivinyo sokugcina	Ukuqhubeka kanye ne-impedance, ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa, imvamisa ye-resonant, noma ezinye izilinganiso ze-RF ezivunyelwene ngazo.	Idatha yekhuphoni yepharamitha ye-TDR/S, umbiko wokuhlola we-antenna noma imodyuli, ukulandeleka okuhleliwe.

Isinxephezelo se-etch kumele sihambisane nenqwaba yethusi yangempela

Isinxephezelo sobuciko se- foil yethusi ye-VLP encane ene-plating encane asifani nesinxephezelo sokwakhiwa kwethusi okujiyile. Ukuphela kwendawo kungashintsha futhi i-geometry yomqhubi osebenzayo. Umenzi kufanele akhulule ithagethi yobubanzi obuqediwe ethile yenqubo, futhi umklami kufanele alingise i-trapezoid elindelekile kunokuba ibe unxande ophelele uma i-geometry ibucayi.

Ukugcina izifihla-buso kumele kube okucacile

Inothi elifana nokuthi “akukho mask yokubopha ku-RF” libanzi kakhulu futhi alicacile. Eminye imigqa ye-RF ingase ibekezelele noma isebenzise ngamabomu imaski; ama-patch edges, ama-resonator, ama-couplers, amazinga okulinganisa, kanye nezindawo zokuqalisa kungenzeka zingabi njalo. Chaza ukugcinwa kwe-polygonal kudatha yokwenziwa, chaza imfuneko yokubhalisa, futhi uvimbele i-legend ink ukuthi ingangeni ezindaweni ezifanayo.

Cela isilinganiso se-ITEQ IT-88GMW PCB

Amakhuphoni Esihloko Sokuqala kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Kwezinga Lemodyuli

Isihloko sokuqala kufanele sifakazele kokubili inqubo yebhodi kanye nomsebenzi we-radar ohlanganisiwe . Ikhuphoni elilodwa le-impedance alanele ngoba amabhodi amabili angahlangabezana ne-impedance ephawulekayo ngenkathi ehluka ngokulahlekelwa kokufakwa, isigaba, i-resonance, noma ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Khetha amakhuphoni ahlukanisa ukungaqiniseki okuvelele ekwakhiweni okukhishwe.

Ikhuphoni noma isivivinyo	Lokho okubonisayo	Ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe
Ikhuphoni elihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene	Ubukhulu be-dielectric obuqediwe, ubukhulu bethusi, iphrofayili yodonga oluseceleni, ngekhwalithi, ukubhaliswa, ubuqotho bebhondi.	Beka eduze kwe-geometry ye-RF emele kanye nasezindaweni zephaneli eziveza ukushintshashintsha kwenqubo.
Ikhuphoni ye-TDR impedance	Izindawo zokungabambeki komugqa kanye nokungaqhubeki kokwakhiwa kwengqimba ekhishwe.	Sebenzisa ithusi elifanayo, izinkomba, i-geometry yomugqa, kanye nenqubo njengomzila we-RF osebenzayo.
Ikhuphoni lepharamitha ye-S yomugqa wokudlulisela	Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa, ukulahlekelwa kokubuya, isigaba, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-lot-to-lot phezu kobubanzi bemvamisa efanele.	Faka ubude obuningi noma izakhiwo zokususa ukushumeka uma kungenzeka; hlanganisa umphumela nendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nephaneli.
Ikhuphoni yokuxhumana kwezinto ezibonakalayo noma ye-Resonator	Ukuziphatha okusebenzayo kwe-dielectric ekwakheni nasekucubunguleni okukhishwe.	Sebenzisa ukuhlanganisa imodeli ye-EM; ungahlanganisi inani elikhishwe nokwakhiwa okungahlobene.
Uhlu lofakazi be-antenna	Ukushintsha kwemvamisa, ukuthambekela kokuzuza/ukusebenza kahle, ukuphindaphindeka kwesici noma kwe-array.	Kuwusizo ngesikhathi sokufaneleka kwenqubo lapho ukuhlolwa kwemodyuli eqondile kubiza kakhulu noma kufihlwe yizinto zobuchwepheshe.
Ukuhlolwa kwerada okuhlanganisiwe	Ukuziphatha kokugcina kwe-EIRP/ukwamukela, iphethini ye-beam, ukuzinza kokulinganisa, ukusebenza kwemvelo.	Sebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqiza i-radome, isihlangu, indawo yokuhlala, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-RFIC, kanye nokulinganisa.

Okungenani, qhathanisa ukusebenza okubandayo, okushisa kwegumbi, kanye nokushisa kumamojula amele uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga ukusebenza kokushisa kwezimoto. Inhloso akuyona nje ukudlula/ukwehluleka; iwukuhlanganisa izilinganiso zezinto kanye nejiyometri nokushintsha kwemvamisa okubonwe, isigaba, kanye nokwanda. Lokho kuhlangana kuba yisisekelo sezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo zomhlinzeki kanye nemikhawulo yokulawula inqubo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma isihloko sokuqala siphuthelwa yimvamisa

Ungaphinde ulungise umsebenzi wobuciko be-patch ngokushesha. Okokuqala hlukanisa izimbangela ezingaba khona: ukujiya kwangempela kwe-dielectric, i-Dk esebenzayo, ubude be-patch eqoshiwe, ukungena kwemaski, ukuqeda kobuso, igebe le-radome, i-geometry yesikhala, kanye nokulinganisa. Kala ibhodi nendlu eyakhiwe, buyekeza imodeli ngamanani akhiwe, bese ukhomba ukuthi iphutha lihlelekile noma alihleliwe. Ukulungiswa kwemodeli ehlelekile kuya kwehadiwe kungathethelela ukulungiswa komklamo olawulwayo; amaphuzu okusabalala okungahleliwe kukhono lokucubungula noma ukushintshashintsha kokwakhiwa kwezinto.

Indlela Yokubhala I-IT-88GMW RFQ

I-RFQ ewusizo ivimbela ithimba lekhotheshini ukuthi lishintshe isakhiwo esiqondene nemvamisa ngezinto ezijwayelekile ezilahlekelwa kancane ezibonakala zifana etafuleni elijwayelekile. Isicelo kufanele sitshele umhlinzeki ukuthi yiziphi iziguquguquko eziqandisiwe, ezingase ziphakanyiswe, nokuthi yibuphi ubufakazi obudingekayo ngaphambi kokuba kwamukelwe ukufaka esikhundleni.

Ubunikazi bezinto ezibonakalayo: I-ITEQ IT-88GMW laminate kanye ne-prepreg efanayo, ukwakhiwa okuqondile noma okulinganayo okuvunyelwe ngokucacile.
Isicelo: Ibhodi le-antenna/feed le-radar elingu-76–81 GHz, okuhlanganisa ukuthi ngabe yi-LRR, i-MRR, i-SRR, i-cascaded array, noma i-hybrid digital/RF.
Isitaki ugqinsi lwe-dielectric oluqediwe, izitayela zengilazi, ama-targets okuqukethwe yi-resin, izisindo zethusi, iphrofayili ye-foil, umnikelo we-plating, kanye nokunikezwa kwe-reference-plane.
I-geometry ebalulekile: ubukhulu be-patch kanye ne-feed, ukuqaliswa kwe-RFIC/connector, izindawo ezisebenzisa ucingo, ama-datam angaphakathi kanye nama-board-edge, i-mask kanye ne-legend keeps.
Izilawuli zikagesi: umklamo womthombo we-Dk/Df, imigomo ye-impedance kanye nokubekezelelana, isidingo sekhuphoni lokufaka-ukulahlekelwa noma le-resonator, ububanzi bemvamisa, kanye nendlela yokususa ukushumeka.
Izilawuli zemishini: ukujiya okuqediwe, umnsalo/ukujika, ukuqondiswa kwephaneli, ukubhaliswa, i-warpage ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nezidingo zedatha ye-antenna-to-housing.
Izilawuli zenqubo: izimfanelo zeresiphi yokubopha, ikhono lokusika, ukuqeda ubuso, ukubhoboza/ukubhoboza ngemuva, ukubhaliswa kwemaski, indawo yokugcina, kanye nokulandelela indawo.
Ubufakazi besihloko sokuqala: umbiko we-stackup, izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo, izingxenye eziphambene, izilinganiso zobukhulu, amapharamitha e-TDR/S, kanye nemiphumela ye-antenna noma imodyuli evunyelwene ngayo.
Umthetho wokufaka esikhundleni: akukho shintsho lwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-foil, isitayela sengilazi, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, noma ukuqeda ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela kanye nokuxhumana emotweni yokuhlola ekhishwe.

Uma i-IT-88GMW inganele—noma ingaphezu kwalokho okudingayo

I-IT-88GMW inamandla kakhulu uma i-PCB iphethe i-radiator engu-76–81 GHz noma inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo ezwela ukulahlekelwa kanye nesigaba kanye nalapho iphrojekthi izuza ohlelweni lwe-RF oluhambisana ne-multilayer, oluguquliwe-FR-4. Kungase kube ngaphezu kokudingekile ebhodini eliphethe kuphela ukulawula okuphansi, amandla, noma izixhumi zedijithali ezimfushane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, igama lezinto ezibonakalayo lodwa lingase linganele i-band encane ngokungavamile, inzuzo ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, isikhala, noma i-array eskeniwe kahle uma iphrojekthi idinga idatha ye-dielectric, izinketho zobukhulu, izinhlelo zethusi, noma ubufakazi bokufaneleka obungaphezu kwalokho ukwakhiwa okuhlongozwayo okungakusekela.

isimo	Isinqumo esingaba khona	Isizathu
I-PCB eyinhloko iqukethe i-patch array kanye nenethiwekhi yokuphakelayo ku-76–81 GHz	I-IT-88GMW iyindlela enengqondo, encike ekwakhiweni nasekuqinisekisweni kwemodyuli.	Izinto zibekwe ngokucacile ukuze zisetshenziswe njenge-radar yezimoto futhi zisekela izakhiwo ze-RF ezinezingqimba eziningi ezilahlekelwa kancane.
I-PCB iqukethe iprosesa yeradar, amandla, i-CAN/Ethernet, kanye nokulawula okunemvamisa ephansi kuphela	Sebenzisa izinto zedijithali ezithembekile noma ezisheshayo ezifanele leyo mizila; i-IT-88GMW ingase ingangezi inani.	Umsebenzi wokukhanyisa ukhona kwenye indawo, ngakho-ke izidingo zokulahlekelwa nokubekezelelana ezilawulayo ziyahlukahluka.
Ushintsho olufushane kakhulu lwe-77 GHz kumojuli ye-antenna-in-package	Hlola ukuthi iphakheji kanye nokuqaliswa kuyabusa yini; izinto ze-RF ezizinikele zingase zingadingeki.	Inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo incike ekusabalaleni kwensimu kanye nobude bendlela.
Ukudla okunezingqimba ezinde, uhlu olukhulu, noma ukuphindaphindeka kwesigaba okuqinile	Sebenzisa i-IT-88GMW kuphela ngokulinganisa ubukhulu, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesigaba sephaneli; cabanga ngezinye izinketho ezikhethekile ze-RF uma imikhawulo yedatha noma yokubekezelela inganele.	Iphrojekthi ingalawulwa ukuzinza kwesigaba, i-anisotropy yengilazi, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini kune-Df eqanjiwe.
Ibhodi le-radar/ledijithali elihlanganisiwe elinezendlalelo eziningi	Cabanga nge-IT-88GMW ezingqimbeni ze-RF kanye nenye into efanelekile kwenye indawo, kodwa fanelekela ukwelapha, i-CTE, ukugeleza, ukubhaliswa, kanye ne-warpage.	I-hybrid ingathuthukisa izindleko nomsebenzi kodwa yengeza ukusebenzisana kwenqubo.

Umthetho ofanele wokuma uwubufakazi. Uma ukwakhiwa okukhishwe kuhlangabezana nokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna, imvamisa ephakathi, i-bandwidth, i-beam, isigaba, izinhloso zemvelo, ukuthembeka, kanye ne-production-leeve nge-margin, i-laminate engavamile ayidingeki. Uma ingashintshi, ukushintsha izinto kufanele kuqhathaniswe nezinguquko ku-topology ye-antenna, ukwakhiwa kwezendlalelo, i-foil, i-radome, i-housing, kanye nekhono lenqubo kunokuphathwa njenge-lever kuphela.

Amaphutha Okukhishwa Okujwayelekile kwe-77 GHz

Iphutha	Kungani ihluleka	Ukuzijwayeza okungcono
Ukusebenzisa i-10 GHz marketing Dr ngqo ku-77 GHz	Imvamisa, indlela yokuhlola, okuqukethwe yi-resin, isitayela sengilazi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwayo kuthinta inani elisebenzayo.	Sebenzisa idatha yomklamo ethile yokwakha bese uyihlobanisa nekhuphoni ekhishwe noma imoto yokuhlola i-antenna.
Ukubiza yonke imigqa engu-50-ohm ngokulinganayo	Ama-launcher, ama-gond, ama-tee, ama-couplers, ama-package pad, kanye nama-radiating taps anezakhiwo ezahlukene zasensimini.	Khombisa i-feed ephelele kanye ne-geometry yokuguquka, hhayi nje kuphela i-impedance yomugqa oqondile.
Ukuvumela imaski ye-solder "ngenqubo ejwayelekile" eduze kwe-antenna	Ubukhulu bemaski kanye nokubhaliswa kwayo kungalayisha imiphetho ebucayi noma ama-resonator.	Dweba izithiyo ezicacile bese uhlola ukubhaliswa.
Ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-laminate kuphela, hhayi i-prepreg ne-foil	Ukuziphatha kwangempela kwe-dielectric kanye ne-conductor kuncike ohlelweni oluphelele lwezinto.	Qandisa ukwakheka kwe-core/prepreg, okuqukethwe yi-resin, isitayela sengilazi, iphrofayili ye-foil, kanye nobukhulu obuqediwe.
Ukuhlola ukuqhubeka kwebhodi elingenalutho kuphela	Ibhodi lingaxhunywa ngogesi kodwa libe nokulahlekelwa okungamukeleki, isigaba, noma ukugqama.	Engeza ukuhlolwa kwe-TDR/S-parameter, i-resonator, i-antenna, kanye ne-assembled-module efanele.
Ukulungisa kabusha umsebenzi wobuciko ngaphambi kokulinganisa isihloko sokuqala	Ukwehluleka kwemvamisa kungase kuvele ekujiyeni, imaski, ukuqeda, i-radome, indawo yokuhlala, noma ukulinganisa.	Buyekeza imodeli ngezilinganiso ezakhiwe ngendlela efanele bese uthola imbangela eyinhloko kuqala.

Ngakho-ke iphrojekthi ye-IT-88GMW ehlelekile ayibukeki njengokuthengwa kwe-laminate kodwa ibukeka njengokukhishwa kwepulatifomu ye-radar elawulwayo. Izinto zokwakha, i-geometry, inqubo, indawo ebiyelwe, kanye nohlelo lokuqinisekisa kuvunyelwe ndawonye, kunokulandeleka okwanele ukuchaza kokubili ukwakheka okudlulayo kanye nokuphambuka kwesikhathi esizayo.

Izinkomba zomkhiqizi kanye namanothi okukhishwa

Amakhasi e-ITEQ angezansi asekela indawo ye-radar-band ye-IT-88GMW kanye nezakhiwo ezivamile zomphakathi ezishiwo kulo mhlahlandlela. Ukukhishwa kwe-radar yokukhiqiza kufanele futhi kuthole idatha yokuklama ehlobene nokwakhiwa kanye nemvamisa evela kumhlinzeki we-laminate kanye nomenzi, bese kuhlanganisa leyo datha nekhuphoni elikhethiwe kanye nemoto yokuhlola imodyuli.

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