I-ITEQ IT-988GSE PCB yokulawula ukulahlekelwa kwesiteshi esingu-56G/112G
I-ITEQ IT-988GSE kufanele ikhethwe kusukela kusabelomali sesiteshi esilinganiselwe, hhayi kusukela ku-aggregate lebula kuswishi, i-router, uhlelo lokugcina, noma i-backplane . I-“400G” ayivezi izinga lomzila, ukuguqulwa, izinga lesimboli, ubude bomzila, inani lokuxhuma, ukulahlekelwa kwephakheji, nge-topology, iphrofayili yethusi, ukulingana, noma ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa okuvunyelwe. Imikhiqizo emibili ene-bandwidth efanayo yephaneli langaphambili ingabeka izidingo ezihlukene kakhulu ku-PCB.
I-ITEQ ihlukanisa i-IT-988GSE njengohlelo lwe-laminate kanye ne-prepreg olune-ultra-low-loss, high-Tg, halogen-free laminate kanye ne-prepreg futhi okwamanje ibala i-Dk 3.21 kanye ne-Df 0.0014 ejwayelekile yokuqhathaniswa kwe-10 GHz, okuqukethwe kwe-resin okungu-70%. Ukwethulwa komkhiqizo wokuqala kuphinde kwaveza ingilazi ye-Dk ephansi, ukutholakala ngethusi eliphansi kakhulu, amazinga edatha angaphezu kwama-56 Gbps ngesiteshi ngasinye, i-Tg ngaphezu kwama-230°C, kanye nokwandiswa okuphelele okuphansi. Lezi zakhiwo ziwusizo kuphela ngemva kokuba ukungezwani okukhulu kanye nemithombo yokulahlekelwa yi-conductor sekuqondwe.
Kungani Kungewona Wonke Amabhodi E-100G, 400G, noma 800G Adinga I-IT-988GSE
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Aggregate Ethernet kuyincazelo yesistimu, hhayi incazelo ye-laminate. Ikhadi elifushane elinesixhumi esisodwa lingaba nomkhawulo omningi ezintweni ezingabizi kakhulu, kuyilapho indlela ende ye-backplane eqondile enezixhumi eziningi kanye neziningana ezishintshayo zingancishiswa ngokulahlekelwa ngesilinganiso esifanayo somzila. Isinqumo kumele senziwe ngendlela kagesi kanye neklasi yomzila wesimo esibi kakhulu.
Ukuqhathanisa kuba kubaluleke kakhulu nge-PAM4. Umzila we-PAM4 ongu-112 Gb/s uvame ukusebenza eduze kwama-56 GBd, ngakho-ke imvamisa yawo ye-Nyquist icishe ibe ngu-28 GHz—efana nomzila we-NRZ ongu-56 Gb/s—kodwa i-PAM4 isebenzisa amazinga amane e-amplitude futhi inomkhawulo wamehlo oqondile omncane. Lokho kwenza umsindo, ukukhuluma ngokunqamula, ukuzindla, kanye nokuphathwa kokulahlekelwa kube nzima kakhulu ngisho nalapho imvamisa ye-Nyquist ingaphindiwe kabili. Ku-PAM4 ongu-224 Gb/s, izinga lezimpawu kanye nobubanzi bemvamisa efanele kuyakhuphuka futhi, okwandisa inani ledatha enembile yokwakha enemvamisa ephezulu kanye nethusi eliphansi.
| Isibonelo sebhodi/isiteshi | Unganqumi kusukela | Nquma kusukela |
|---|---|---|
| Umzila omfushane we-chip-to-chip ku-PCB eyodwa | Iseva noma iswishi imakethwa njenge-400G/800G. | Izinga langempela lomzila, imodeli yephakheji, ubude bomzila, ungqimba, ithusi, ngokushintshashintsha, imajini yokwamukela, kanye nebhendi yokuvikela yokukhiqiza edingekayo. |
| I-backplane ende edlula ezixhumini ezimbili ezinkulu | I-Df eqanjiwe yodwa. | Xhuma futhi uqalise amapharamitha e-S, uhlelo lwe-via-stub, ubude besigaba sebhodi, iphrofayili yethusi, ukulahlekelwa kokubuya, imaski yokufakwa nokulahlekelwa, kanye nokulinganisa. |
| Ikhadi lomugqa oqinile elinokuqhuma kwe-BGA kanye nesixhumi esisodwa se-midplane | Inani lezingqimba ze-PCB. | Ukungaqhubeki kokuqhuma, ukuguquka kwe-reference-plane, ukulahleka kwesixhumi, ukukhuluma ngokunqamula, ukulahleka kwesabelo sezendlalelo, kanye nokubekezelelana kwenqubo. |
| Indlela emfushane enezindlela eziningi eziklanywe kabi | Izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo. | Ukulungiswa kwe-Topology kuqala: susa izingcezu, uthuthukise ama-antipad kanye nama-vias okubuyisa, gcina ukuqhubeka kokubhekisela, bese uhlola kabusha ukulahlekelwa okusele. |
| Umzila omude usuvele ulungiselelwe ngethusi le-VLP kanye ne-backdrill | Ukukhetha komkhiqizo. | Ukulingisa isiteshi okubi kakhulu kanye nemoto yokuhlola elinganisiwe okubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric kusalokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye-margin. |
Iphrojekthi esebenzayo ihlukanisa imizila ibe yimindeni—emifushane ebhodini, ikhadi eliphakathi, ikhadi elide elivela ekhadini, ibhodi elide kakhulu elingemuva—futhi isebenzisa inqwaba ekhiqizwayo embi kakhulu yomndeni ngamunye. I-IT-988GSE ingalungiswa kuphela ekilasini elide kakhulu noma ezingqimbeni ezikhethiwe kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kungangeza izindleko ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa indlela yemingcele.
Nciphisa Isabelomali Sokulahlekelwa Yisiteshi Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Izinto
Isabelomali sokulahlekelwa kufanele sibe yi-ledger, hhayi ijika elilodwa lokufaka nokulahlekelwa elingenabo ubunikazi. Hlukanisa isiteshi sibe amaphakheji, izingxenye ze-PCB, ama-via, izixhumi, izakhiwo zokuxhuma ze-AC, kanye nezinye izinguquko. Nikeza amamodeli, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokwehluka kokukhiqiza kubhulokhi ngayinye. Inhloso ukuhlonza ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesiteshi edla imajini nokuthi yiluphi ushintsho lomklamo olungayithola.
| Isici sesabelomali | Yini okufanele uyifanekise noma uyilinganise | I-lever yokuklama evamile |
|---|---|---|
| Amaphakheji okudlulisa kanye nokwamukela | Ukufakwa kwephakheji/ukulahleka kokubuyisa, ukuqhekeka, isakhiwo sokubhekisela, ukuphunyuka kwenkundla yebhola. | I-feniout eqonda amaphakheji, ukukhetha ungqimba, iphedi/i-antipad kanye nokubuyisela-ngokuhlela. |
| Umzila we-PCB oqondile | Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric, ukulahleka komqhubi, ubulukhuni bethusi, ububanzi/ukujiya, ukugoba kwengilazi. | Izinga lezinto, i-VLP foil, imikhondo ebanzi lapho kuvunyelwe khona, umzila omfushane, izendlalelo ezilahlekelwa kancane. |
| Ama-via esignali | Ukufakwa kwe-barrel, i-pad/antipad capacitance, i-residual stub resonance, ukuguqulwa kwemodi. | I-Backdrill, ama-via angaboni/afihliwe, ama-antipad alungiselelwe kahle, ama-via abuyiselwe, izinguquko ezimbalwa. |
| Izixhumi kanye nokuqaliswa | Ukulahleka kwesixhumi, i-crosstalk, ukuguqulwa kwensimu yokuqalisa, ukuguqulwa kwereferensi. | Izinyathelo eziqinisekisiwe, ukulungiswa kokuqaliswa, ukukhethwa kwesixhumi, izixhumi ezimbalwa. |
| Izinguquko zendiza kanye namabhulokhi e-DC | Ukungaqhubeki kwendlela yokubuyela emuva, ukusabalala kwe-inductance, ukungaqhubeki kwe-capacitor pad. | Izinkomba eziqhubekayo, ama-vias okubuyisa avaliwe, iphethini yomhlaba we-capacitor elungiselelwe. |
| Inqubo kanye nendawo | Ububanzi be-Etch, ukujiya kwe-dielectric, i-Dk/Df, ubulukhuni be-foil, izinga lokushisa, umswakama. | Ibhendi yokuqapha, i-stackup elawulwayo, idatha yamandla omhlinzeki, ukuhambisana kwekhuphoni. |
Sebenzisa izimpawu zendawo ezifanele zemvamisa
Imvamisa ye-Nyquist iyindawo yokuhlola ewusizo, kodwa isiteshi asikhawulelwe yibhendi ngqo e-Nyquist. Ama-Harmonics kanye nokuziphatha kokulinganisa kwenza ukulahlekelwa kokubuya, ukuthambekela kokufakwa nokulahlekelwa, ukuxoxa nge-crosstalk, kanye nokuguqulwa kwemodi kufaneleke ngaphezu kwayo. I-bandwidth yokuhlaziya kanye ne-test fixture kufanele ifane nephrothokholi kanye nendlela yokuhambisana ne-SerDes. Gwema ukuqhathanisa izinto ngemvamisa eyodwa elula yedatha lapho imodeli yesiteshi idlula kude kakhulu nayo.
Ukulahlekelwa okuhlukile kwe-dielectric kanye nomqhubi
I-Df ephansi inciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-dielectric. Ayisusi ngokuqondile ukulahleka komqhubi okubangelwa yizicucu ezincane, ithusi elincane, ukugoba kobuso, noma ukuminyana kwamanje okuphezulu. Sebenzisa isixazululi sensimu noma imodeli yokulahlekelwa eqinisekisiwe efaka iphrofayili yethusi kanye nokwelashwa. Uma ithusi elingaqinile noma i-geometry encane yokungapheleli ibusa, ukushintshela ku-IT-988GSE kungase kubuyise imajini encane kunalokho obekulindelwe.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile futhi uma kuqhathaniswa amakhuphoni okuhlola. Intuthuko elinganisiwe ingavela kokubili ohlelweni lwe-resin/ingilazi kanye ne-foil yethusi esetshenziswe kusampula. Bhala phansi i-foil eqondile, i-oxide noma ukwelashwa okunye, ukujiya kwethusi okuqediwe, isitayela sengilazi, kanye ne-trace geometry ukuze umphumela ungahlotshaniswa nomndeni we-laminate kuphela.
Lungiselela i-Topology Ngaphambi Kokukhokhela i-Lower Df
Iphutha elibiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinto ezilahlekelwa kakhulu ukuze kulungiswe ukungaqhubeki okwakungasuswa ekwakhiweni. I-resonant via stub noma ukuqaliswa kwesixhumi okubi kungadala inkinga ejulile kanye nenkinga yokulahlekelwa ukubuyisa lapho i-Df ephansi ingashintshi khona. Ngokufanayo, indiza yereferensi ehlukanisiwe noma i-return via ekude ingabangela ukuguqulwa kwemodi kanye nokuxoxisana okuhlukile ngaphandle kwe- tangent yokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwe-dielectric.
- Susa izinguquko zesendlalelo ezingagwenywa. Dlulisa iziteshi ezinde kakhulu kubhangqa elilodwa lezendlalelo eziphansi lapho kungenzeka khona bese ugcina indiza yokubhekisela iqhubeka.
- Lawula ngezinti. Sebenzisa i-backdrill, ama-vias angaboni/afihliwe, noma isabelo sesendlalelo esilungiselelwe kahle; faka ukuzulazula kwe-drill kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-residual-stub kumodeli.
- Lungisa i-BGA kanye nokuqaliswa kwesixhumi. Lungiselela i-pad, i-antipad, i-breakout, i-reference-ngokubeka, kanye nezindawo ezivulekile eziseduze nge-stackup yangempela.
- Nciphisa inani lezixhumi noma uthuthukise isigaba sezixhumi. Ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile akukwazi ukubuyisa konke ukulahlekelwa kanye nokubonakaliswa okuvela ku-connection engafanele.
- Cacisa iphrofayili yethusi. Yenza i-foil kanye nokwelashwa okuhloselwe ukukhiqizwa; ungacabangi ukuthi yonke ilebula ethi “VLP” imele indawo efanayo.
- Bala kabusha imajini esele. Kuphela ngemva kwalezi zinguquko lapho i-tier yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele iqandiswe khona.
Lapho i-IT-988GSE Iphakathi Kwezigaba Zezinto Ezisebenzayo
Ukufakwa kwezigaba zezinto kufanele kubonise ukwakhiwa okuphelele kanye nesiteshi, hhayi inombolo eyodwa ye-Df. I-IT-968G ingaba ukukhetha okwanele ukusebenza kokufinyelela okumaphakathi; I-IT-988GSE ingena esigabeni sokulahlekelwa okuphansi kusetshenziswa ingilazi ye-Dk ephansi; I-Panasonic MEGTRON 7N inikeza ipulatifomu esezingeni eliphezulu/enkulu esungulwe enedatha ethile yokwakha; I-MEGTRON 8 kanye nemindeni emisha ihlose ububanzi bokudlulisa obudinga kakhulu. Amagama awaguquguquki, futhi ukuqhathanisa okufanele kumele kusebenzise okuqukethwe okufanayo kwe-resin, isitayela sengilazi, imvamisa, iphrofayili yethusi, i-trace geometry, kanye nendlela yokuhlola.
| Izinga/inketho | Umongo wesinqumo esifanelana kahle kakhulu | Isizathu sokukhuphukela phezulu | Isizathu sokunganyuki |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-FR-4 egxile ekuthembekeni noma ekulahlekelweni okuphakathi | Imizila emifushane, amazinga aphansi emizila, noma iziteshi ezilawulwa yizixhumi/ama-via kunobude bebhodi. | Ukulahlekelwa okusatshalaliswe ngamamodeli kushiya umkhawulo owanele ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-topology. | Izinto ezishibhile sezivele zidlula ngebhendi yokuvikela umkhiqizo. |
| Izinto ezilahlekelwa kakhulu njenge-IT-968G | Iswishi ephakathi kuya ende, ikhadi lomugqa, isiteshi sesisekelo, isitoreji, noma iziteshi zokulawula. | Imizila emide kakhulu noma imizila ye-PAM4 ephezulu isalokhu inqunyelwe ukulahlekelwa. | I-IT-968G ihlangabezana nezifihla-buso zesiteshi kanye nezinhloso zokukhiqiza; ukuthuthukiswa kwengeza inzuzo encane yesistimu. |
| I-IT-988GSE elahlekelwa kakhulu | Iziteshi ezinde, inani eliphezulu lezendlalelo, izixhumi eziningi, umkhawulo we-PAM4 odingayo, noma izimoto zokuhlola ezibonisa ukulahleka kwe-dielectric kuyinto ebalulekile. | Ngisho nedatha yokwakha elahlekelwa kancane noma ephindaphindwayo iyadingeka ukuze kube namazinga emizila yesikhathi esizayo. | I-Topology, isixhumi, iphakheji, noma ukulahleka kwethusi kuyabusa; indlela imfushane. |
| I-MEGTRON 7N / MEGTRON 8 / ezinye izinhlelo ze-premium | Ukwenziwa kweplatifomu kube ngokwejwayelekile, idatha ebanzi yokwakha, inani eliphezulu kakhulu lezendlalelo, ifomethi enkulu, i-HDI, noma ukufinyelela kwesizukulwane esilandelayo. | Imephu yendlela yephrothokholi kanye nesiteshi esilinganisiwe kudinga izinga elilandelayo. | Uchungechunge lokuphakelwa, iziqu, izindleko, noma ubunzima benqubo kudlula inzuzo. |
Ukuqhathanisa okulungile kuvame ukubalwa kwezindleko ze-margin ezingeni lebhodi. Faka phakathi izindleko ze-laminate kanye ne-prepreg, inketho yethusi, ukusetshenziswa kwephaneli, ubunzima be-lamination, ukufaneleka, ukuhlolwa, isivuno, ingozi yokusebenza kabusha, kanye nokutholakala kwe-supply-chain. Izinto ezibiza kancane ngemitha yesikwele zingase zinciphise izindleko zesistimu uma zisusa i-retimer, zifinyeza intuthuko, noma zithuthukisa isivuno. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-laminate ye-premium iyachitha uma umzila omfushane noma ulungiswa nge-longe margin eningi.
Khipha i-Stackup njengeModeli Yesiteshi
Kwibhodi le-IT-988GSE, i -stackup yesivinini esikhulu iwukufaka imodeli yesiteshi kanye nencazelo yokukhiqiza elawulwayo. Kufanele ikhombise ukwakheka okuqondile kwe-core kanye nokwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-resin, ukujiya okulungisiwe, isitayela sengilazi, iphrofayili ye-copper foil, ukwelashwa, ukujiya kwe-copper okuqediwe, i-plating, kanye nereferensi yesendlalelo. Ithebula elijwayelekile eline-“IT-988GSE, 4 mil” alanele ku-solver yensimu noma efektri.
Isabelo sesendlalelo
Beka ama-differential pairs amade kakhulu futhi azwela kakhulu ezingqimbeni ezinciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric kanye ne-conductor ngenkathi ugcina ireferensi ezinzile. Izimpawu ezibanzi ngokuvamile zinciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-conductor, kodwa ububanzi obutholakalayo bunqunywa yi-escape density, impedance, kanye ne-crosstalk. Ngakho-ke i-stackup kufanele ihlanganiswe ukuze ilungele ukulahlekelwa kanye nobuningi be-routing kunokuba ithathwe ku-geometry ehleliwe engu-50-ohm.
Ukuluka nokusonta ngengilazi
Ingilazi ye-Low-Dk ayisusi i-anisotropy ehlobene nokuluka. Ama-pair ahlukene angabhekana nokugoba uma ama-traces amabili ehlola ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukile kwe-resin/glass. Ingilazi esakazekayo, i-engeli yomzila, ama-traces abanzi, isilinganiso se-pair-to-weave, kanye nokukhethwa kokwakhiwa kunganciphisa ubungozi. Qinisekisa isitayela sangempela sengilazi kanye nokuqondiswa kwephaneli; ungasebenzisi umthetho ojwayelekile "womzila kuma-degrees ayi-10" ngaphandle kokucabangela ukubekwa kanye nokukhiqizwa.
Impedance iyisilinganiso esisodwa sokwamukelwa
Amakhuphoni amabili angahlangabezana ne-100-ohm differential impedance ngenkathi enokulahlekelwa okuhlukile kokufakwa kanye nesigaba. Ukulawulwa kwe-Impedance kuqinisekisa isilinganiso se-inductance kanye ne-capacitance, kodwa akubonisi ukuqina okuphansi komqhubi, i-Df efanele, ukuguqulwa kwemodi ephansi, noma ama-resonance amukelekayo. Ukukhishwa kwesiteshi eside kufanele kungeze izidingo zekhuphoni ze-S-parameter noma ezihambisana nephrothokholi.
Izilawuli Zokukhiqiza Zeziteshi Ezinde Ezisheshayo
I-IT-988GSE ihloselwe ukuhambisana nokucutshungulwa kwezingqimba eziningi okuthuthukisiwe, kodwa uhlelo lokukhiqiza lusadinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-lamination, ukunyakaza kobukhulu, ukubhoboza, i-desmear, i-plating, i-backdrill , kanye nokwelashwa kwethusi. Inani lezingqimba eziphakeme kanye namaphutha amakhulu okubhalisa kanye nobukhulu, kuyilapho i-backdrill ejulile yenza ukulawula okusele kanye nokuzulazula kwe-drill kube nzima kakhulu.
| Inqubo | Ingozi yesivinini esikhulu | Ukulawula nobufakazi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwamukela izinto | Ukulungiswa okungalungile, isitayela sengilazi, iphrofayili yethusi, noma isimo senqwaba sishintsha ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nokulahlekelwa. | Ukuqinisekiswa kwengxenye/ukwakhiwa okunembile, i-CoC, ukulandeleka kwengxenye, isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini kanye nerekhodi lokugcina. |
| Ukwelashwa kwengqimba yangaphakathi | Ukuhlupha okunamandla kungandisa ukulahlekelwa ngumqhubi. | Sebenzisa ukwelashwa okufanelekile okuhambisana nokunamathela nokulahlekelwa; bhala phansi inqubo bese uhlobanisa amakhuphoni. |
| Isililo | Ukuqina okulungisiwe kanye nesethi yokubhalisa impedance, nge-geometry, kanye nesigaba. | Iresiphi yabezindaba, iphrofayili yokushisa kwezinto, imephu yobukhulu, amakhuphoni okubhalisa, isibuyekezo sokugeleza kwe-resin. |
| Ukubhoboza/ukususa i-desmear/ukucwebezela | Ukwehluka kwe-geometry kanye nethusi kuthinta ukuthembeka kanye nokungaqhubeki. | Ukulawula impilo yamathuluzi, ikhwalithi yembobo, ukuqinisekiswa kokukhishwa kwe-desmear, ithusi elincane lodonga, izingxenye ezincane. |
| I-Backdrill | Izicucu ezisele kanye nokubhaliswa okungalungile kudala ukuzwakala noma ama-pad okubamba umonakalo. | Ukubekezelela ukujula, imvume yokubhoboza, ubufakazi be-X-ray noma besigaba esiphambene, ikhuphoni kagesi. |
| Isivivinyo sokugcina | Ukuqhubeka kukodwa kuphuthelwa ukulahlekelwa kanye nokuzindla. | I-TDR kanye namapharamitha e-S noma imoto yokuhlola yesivinini esiphezulu evunyiwe; gcina idatha eluhlaza kanye ne-stackup. |
Ukwelashwa ngethusi kudinga ukubuyekezwa okucacile. Inqubo ekhethiwe kuphela ukuze kube namandla aphezulu okuxebuka ingakhuphula ukulahlekelwa komqhubi we-frequency ephezulu. Umenzi kanye nomhlinzeki we-laminate kufanele bavumelane ngokwelashwa okungaphansi kokulahlekelwa okusahlangabezana nezidingo zokunamathela nokuthembeka. Noma yiluphi ushintsho kumhlinzeki we-foil noma i-chemistry yokwelapha kufanele lubangele ukuhlangana kukhuphoni elifanayo.
Ukulawula iphaneli kuya kwephaneli kanye nokulawula i-lot-to-lot
Ukwakhiwa kwezimfanelo kufanele kufake amaphaneli amaningi, futhi lapho kungenzeka khona, izinto ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Iphaneli eyodwa yegolide ingafihla ukuhlukahluka. Qhathanisa ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa, impedance, izilinganiso ze-residue-stub, ubukhulu be-dielectric, kanye nobukhulu obubalulekile kuzo zonke izindawo zephaneli. Misa imikhawulo yokulawula kusukela ekusatshalalisweni kokukhiqiza kunokuba ivele kumphumela owodwa ojwayelekile.
Indlela Yokufanelekela Isihloko Sokuqala
Isihloko sokuqala kufanele sibonise ukuthi isiteshi esimodeliwe, i-stackup ekhishwe, kanye nenqubo yasefektri zichaza umkhiqizo ofanayo ongokoqobo. Isethi yokuqinisekiswa kwesiteshi incike kuphrothokholi, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ubufakazi obunobukhulu, i-TDR, amapharamitha e-S, kanye—uma kutholakala—ne-SerDes noma imoto yokuhlola ukuhambisana.
- Umbiko we-stackup owakhelwe ngaphakathi: Ubukhulu be-dielectric kanye nethusi obuqediwe, isitayela sengilazi, okuqukethwe yi-resin, i-foil, i-plating, kanye nendawo yephaneli.
- Izingxenye eziwela nge-Via kanye ne-backdrill: ikhwalithi yebhareli, ukubanjwa kwephedi, i-residual stub, i-drill offset, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-plating.
- I-TDR: iphrofayili ye-impedance kanye nokungaqhubeki kwendawo emizileni emele.
- Ukulahlekelwa kokufakwa/ukubuyiselwa: amapharamitha e-S ahlukile kulo lonke umkhawulokudonsa ocacisiwe ngokususwa kwe-fixture noma ukusulwa kokushumeka okubhaliwe.
- Ukuguqulwa kwemodi kanye nokuxoxa nge-crosstalk: Imigomo ye-Sdc/Scc noma imikhawulo ehlobene nephrothokholi yezakhiwo ezimele.
- Ukuhambisana kwekhuphoni yobude obuningi: ihlukanisa ukulahlekelwa kokuqaliswa kokulahlekelwa umugqa osabalalisiwe futhi ithuthukisa ukufakwa kwemodeli.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo noma kokuhambisana nomthetho wesistimu: kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulingana, iphakheji, isixhumi, kanye ne-PCB kusebenza kanye ne-margin.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo: ukuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa noma umswakama lapho uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nohlelo lokufaneleka ludinga lokho.
Uma ukulahlekelwa komugqa okulinganisiwe kuhlukile ekulingiseni, ungalungisi i-Df ngokungaboni. Hlola imodeli yephrofayili yethusi, ubukhulu bomkhondo obuqediwe, ukujiya kwe-dielectric, ukususa ukushumeka kokuqalisa, isitayela sengilazi, ukwelashwa kwendawo, kanye ne-fixture yokuhlola. "I-Df esebenzayo" efakwe kukhuphoni elilodwa ingafihla amaphutha omqhubi noma e-fixture futhi ingase ingadluliseli kwenye i-geometry.
Ulimi lwe-RFQ lwe-IT-988GSE
I-RFQ kufanele yenze ukwakheka kwesiteshi kubonakale ngokwanele ukuze umenzi akwazi ukuphakamisa i-stackup engenziwa ngaphandle kokudalula imininingwane yesistimu yobunikazi engadingekile. Kufanele futhi ichaze ubufakazi obudingekayo kunoma iyiphi into efanayo.
| Inkambu ye-RFQ | Okuqukethwe okudingekayo |
|---|---|
| Isihlomelo sezinto ezibonakalayo | I-ITEQ IT-988GSE laminate kanye ne-prepreg efanayo; ukwakhiwa okuqondile noma okulinganayo okuvunyiwe; ukubuyekezwa kwe-TDS elawulwayo yamanje. |
| Ikilasi lesiteshi | Izinga lomzila, ukuguqulwa kwejubane, ubude bomzila obuphezulu, uhlobo lwesendlalelo, inani lezixhumi, ngokubala, nokuthi umzila ungowekhadi, i-backplane, noma i-chassis interconnect. |
| Idatha ye-stackup | Izitayela zengilazi eziyinhloko/ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, okuqukethwe kwe-resin, ukujiya okulungisiwe, isisindo/iphrofayili yethusi, ithusi eliqediwe, isabelo esilinganiselwe, ukujiya okuphelele. |
| Amathagethi kagesi | Impedance enomphetho owodwa/ohlukile, imaski yokulahlekelwa kokufakwa kanye nokulahlekelwa kokubuyiselwa noma imikhawulo yekhuphoni, i-bandwidth yokuhlola, okulindelwe kokuguqulwa kwe-crosstalk/mode. |
| Nge/i-backdrill | Izimbobo eziqediwe, izilinganiso zobukhulu, iphedi/i-antipad, izinhlangothi ze-backdrill, i-residual-stub target kanye ne-tolerance, indlela yokuhlola. |
| Izilawuli zenqubo | Ukwelashwa ngezingqimba zangaphakathi, i-lamination, ukubhaliswa kwamaphaneli, i-copper plating, ukubekezelelana kwe-etch, i-bow/twist, ukuhlanzeka, ukulandeleka kwenqwaba. |
| Iphakheji yesihloko sokuqala | I-CoC, umbiko we-stackup, imephu yekhuphoni, izigaba eziphambeneyo, i-TDR, amapharamitha e-S, ifomethi yedatha eluhlaza, kanye nendawo yokubamba imvume. |
| Ukuvunyelwa kokufaka esikhundleni | Ukuqhathaniswa kokwakhiwa okufanayo kanye nethusi, imiphumela yekhuphoni ye-SI, ubufakazi bokushisa/bokuthembeka, ukuqhubeka kokuhlinzekwa, kanye nokuvunyelwa kobunjiniyela okubhaliwe. |
Isihlahla Sesinqumo Sokuthuthukiswa Kokubalulekile
- Ingabe isiteshi esibi kakhulu sihlangabezana nemaski yaso ngokwakhiwa okungabizi kakhulu, okufanelekile okunesilinganiso senqubo? Uma kunjalo, ungathuthukisi ngoba umkhiqizo ubizwa ngokuthi i-400G noma i-800G kuphela.
- Ingabe ukwehluleka kutholakala endaweni lapho i-via, i-connector, i-package breakout, noma i-return-path discontinuity inqanyulwa? Uma kunjalo, lungisa i-topology ngaphambi kokushintsha i-dielectric.
- Ingabe ukulahlekelwa okusatshalaliswa ngomugqa oqondile kuyisithako esikhulu esisele? Uma kungenjalo, ushintsho olubalulekile lungaba nomphumela olinganiselwe.
- Ingabe iphrofayili yethusi, i-trace geometry, kanye nokwelashwa kwengqimba yangaphakathi kuye kwalungiswa? Uma kungenjalo, qala ngokulinganisa lezo zinguquko.
- Ingabe i-IT-968G noma esinye isigaba esiphansi kakhulu sokulahlekelwa sidlula nebhendi yokuqapha? Uma kunjalo, qhathanisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kanye nohlelo ngaphambi kokukhetha i-IT-988GSE.
- Ingabe i-IT-988GSE iyadlula nomkhawulo ku-stackup ekhiqizwayo? Uma kunjalo, vala uhlelo lokwakha kanye nolweziqu.
- Ingabe imephu yendlela idinga imizila yekilasi lama-224G noma ukufinyelela okude? Qhathanisa i-MEGTRON 8, imindeni emisha ye-ITEQ, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokulahlekelwa okuncane usebenzisa idatha efanele imvamisa kanye nezimoto zokuhlola ezifanayo.
Lo muthi wesinqumo uvimbela kokubili ukwakheka okungaphelele kanye nokwakheka ngokweqile. Umphumela kufanele ube yisizathu esibhaliwe: ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi lomzila elidinga izinto, ukuthi yiliphi ibanga elibuyiselwe, yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezihlolwe, nokuthi yibuphi ubufakazi bokukhiqiza obuzovikela lelo banga.
Imibuzo Eqondene Nephrojekthi Ebuzwa Onjiniyela Ngempela
Ingabe i-IT-988GSE ingasindisa isiteshi esivele sine-notch enkulu ye-via-stub?
Ngokuvamile akwenzeki kahle. Ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric okusatshalaliswa kancane kungathuthukisa ukuncishiswa kwesisekelo, kodwa i-stub ezwakalayo iyi-discontinuity yendawo. I-backdrill, ukunikezwa kabusha kwezingqimba, ama-vias angaboni/angcwatshwe, noma ngokwakhiwa kabusha kuyikhambi eliqondile.
Ingabe ithusi le-VLP liyimpoqo?
Hhayi njengomthetho ojwayelekile, kodwa iphrofayili yethusi kumele ibe yingxenye yemodeli kanye ne-RFQ. Emafrikhwensi aphezulu, i-foil eqinile ingadla umkhawulo owanele ukuze inciphise izinzuzo ezithile zesistimu ye-resin. Khetha i-foil efanelekile esezingeni eliphansi ehlangabezana nezidingo zokunamathela, ukutholakala, kanye nokuthembeka.
Ingabe zonke izendlalelo kufanele zisebenzise i-IT-988GSE?
Akunjalo ngempela. Izinto ezixubile noma i-stack ekhethiwe yesivinini esikhulu ingabizi kakhulu, kodwa i-hybrid lamination ingenisa izingozi zokwelashwa, i-CTE, ukugeleza, ukubhaliswa, kanye nezingozi ze-warpage. Ukwakhiwa okuphelele kumele kuqinisekiswe.
Yibuphi ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokuthi ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo kulungile?
Imodeli yesiteshi esibi kakhulu ihlobene namapharamitha e-S alinganisiwe ekwakhiweni okukhishwe, kulandelwe yi-eye-level system noma imiphumela yokuhambisana nebhendi yokuvikela umkhiqizo. Inani ledatha lodwa alanele.
I-IT-988GSE kufanele iqhathaniswe kanjani ne-MEGTRON 7N noma i-MEGTRON 8?
Sebenzisa i-target stackup efanayo, isitayela sengilazi noma ukwakhiwa okulinganayo, iphrofayili yethusi, i-trace geometry, ububanzi bemvamisa, ukuqaliswa, kanye nendlela yokuhlola. Faka ukuphakelwa, ukutholakala kwephaneli, ukujwayelana kwenqubo, izidingo ze-UL/ukuhambisana, ukuthembeka kokushisa, kanye nemephu yendlela—hhayi i-Df kuphela.
Ngakho-ke inani lobunjiniyela le-IT-988GSE licacile futhi liyalinganiswa: linciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesiteshi esisatshalalisiwe kuma-connection adinga amandla futhi aklanywe kahle. Kufanele liphathwe njengento eyodwa elawulwayo yesiteshi esihlanganisa iphakheji nephakheji, hhayi njengento ethatha indawo ye-topology ehlelekile kanye nokuqinisekiswa.
Izinkomba zomkhiqizi kanye namanothi okukhishwa
Izixhumanisi ezingezansi ziqopha indawo ye-ITEQ engaphezulu kwe-56-Gbps kanye nedatha yokuqhathanisa yomphakathi yamanje, kanye namakhasi e-Panasonic afakiwe kuphela ukuze kubuyekezwe umkhawulo wezinga. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugcina kumele kusebenzise izindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo kanye nedatha yokwakha elawulwayo enikezwe uhlelo lwangempela lwe-core, prepreg, ingilazi, kanye nethusi.
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- Gerber, ODB++, noma .pcb, spec.
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- Ubuningi
- Isikhathi sokushintsha
Ngezinsizakalo ze-PCBA, sicela unikeze i-BOM yakho (I-Bill of Materials) kanye nanoma yimiphi imiyalelo ethile yomhlangano. Siphinde sinikeze ukuhlaziya kwe-DFM/DFA ukuze uthuthukise imiklamo yakho ukuze yenziwe futhi ihlanganiswe, ukuqinisekisa inqubo yokukhiqiza eshelelayo.