I-Medical Robot PCB ye-IEC 60601, Ukulandelela, Ukuhlanza kanye Nokusekelwa Kwesikhathi Eside

Ama-PCB erobhothi lezokwelapha asekela amarobhothi okuhlinzwa, izinhlelo zokuvuselela, amarobhothi okuthwebula izithombe, ukuzenzekela kwelebhu, ukuzenzekela kwekhemisi, kanye namanye amapulatifomu edivayisi yezokwelapha. Lawa mabhodi kumele ahlangabezane nokulindelwe okuqinile kokuphepha, imibhalo, ukulandeleka, ukulawula ukukhiqiza, ukuphathwa koshintsho, kanye nensizakalo yesikhathi eside kune-elekthronikhi evamile yamarobhothi.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ama-PCB erobhothi lezokwelapha ezingeni lomkhakha: imiphumela yokuphepha ye-IEC 60601, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yesitayela se-ISO 13485, ukuhambisana kokubulala inzalo, imibhalo yokulawula, ukwesekwa komkhiqizo wesikhathi eside, ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza, kanye noshintsho olulawulwayo. I-FAQ ifinyeziwe futhi yahlelwa kabusha njengemibuzo yemboni kunezimpendulo zeziqu zomhlinzeki kuphela.

Yini Eyenza Amarobhothi Ezokwelapha Ahluke

Indima Ohlelweni Lwerobhothi

Amarobhothi ezokwelapha — amarobhothi okuhlinzwa, amarobhothi okuthwebula izithombe, amarobhothi okuvuselela, ukuzenzekela kwelebhu — anezidingo zokulawula nokuthembeka ezidinga kakhulu esigabeni samarobhothi. Ama-elekthronikhi abo kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zedivayisi yezokwelapha, asekele imibhalo eminingi, abekezelele izinqubo zokubulala inzalo, futhi alethe ikhwalithi elindelekile ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Yini eyenza ama-elekthronikhi e-robot yezokwelapha ahluke:

• Isitifiketi somthetho: Ukuvunyelwa kwe-FDA (US), i-CE MDR (Europe), kanye nemishini yezokwelapha ethile emakethe. Kudingeka ubufakazi bokuklama nokukhiqiza.
• I-IEC 60601: Izinga lokuphepha kwemishini kagesi yezokwelapha. Inquma ukuhlukaniswa, ukuvuza kwamanje, kanye nokwakheka kokuphepha.
• I-IEC 62304: Umjikelezo wokuphila kwesofthiwe yedivayisi yezokwelapha. Ubufakazi bokukhiqiza isofthiwe efakiwe.
• Ukuhambisana kokubulala inzalo: Amanye amarobhothi ezokwelapha ahlanzwa phakathi kwezinqubo. Izinto zokwakha, ukumbozwa, kanye nokwakhiwa kuthinta ukuhambisana.
• Ukulandeleka kweyunithi ngayinye: amarekhodi ezingxenye, idatha yokuhlola, kanye nomlando wokukhiqiza ogcinwe ngeyunithi ngayinye impilo yonke yomkhiqizo.
• Uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi: ukukhiqiza okusebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 13485. Imibhalo kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuhambisana nezidingo ze-QMS.

Izingozi Zokuklama Okufanele Zilawulwe

Kuma-PCB erobhothi lezokwelapha, ukufakwa kokwenziwa kufanele kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kwesixhumi, ukufakwa kwendawo ebiyelwe, ukufinyelela kwemishini, izindlela zokushisa, kanye nomzila we-harness kumiswe. Izinguquko ezifike sekwephuzile kule mininingwane zivame ukubangela ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwemishini, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemishini yokuhlola, noma ukuyekethisa kokuthembeka obekungagwenywa ngokubuyekezwa kwe-DFM kwasekuqaleni.

Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye kufanele kufake isimo somjikelezo wokuphila, ezinye izindlela ezivunyiwe, ukutholakala kwephakheji, isilinganiso sokushisa, kanye nezilinganiso zokuphepha noma zokuhlukaniswa lapho kufanele khona. Amarobhothi ezokwelapha avame ukuhlala ekukhiqizweni noma ekusesheni isikhathi eside kune-elekthronikhi yabathengi, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuthola engaxazululiwe iba yinkinga yokusekela insimu, hhayi inkinga yokuthenga kuphela.

Ezingeni lesistimu, ibhodi kufanele lichazwe ngomsebenzi, indawo, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nokuhlolwa kunokuba kube yi-schematic kuphela. Lokhu kuvimbela iphutha elivamile lokwakha i-PCB elungile ngobuchwepheshe okunzima ukuyilungisa, okunzima ukuyilungisa, noma engaqinile ngokwanele uma isifakiwe ku-robot.

Ukuhlela ukuphepha kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo ezibanzi ze-PCB yedivayisi yezokwelapha kanye ne -electronics yokuphepha kwerobhothi.

Ukwakhiwa Kokuphepha ngokwe-IEC 60601

Izinketho Zokwakha Zokuphepha Zokwakha ngokwe-IEC 60601

Ukwakheka kokuphepha kwamarobhothi ezokwelapha kuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-IEC 60601. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngokuphepha yilezi:

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiguli: Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-galvanic phakathi kwamasekethe okuxhumana nesiguli kanye nezinye izinto zikagesi. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqinisiwe ezingxenyeni ezixhunywe nesiguli.
• Ukuvuza kwamanje: Ugesi osizayo wesiguli kanye nogesi ovuzayo wesiguli onqunyelwe ngokwe-IEC 60601. Umklamo kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa.
• Ukuphepha okungadingekile: imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphepha esetshenziswa ngezindlela zehadiwe ezingafuneki.
• Okuzenzakalelayo okuphepha: Zonke izindlela zokwehluleka ziholela emiphumeleni ephephile yesiguli. Kuhlaziywe futhi kwaqinisekiswa nge-FMEA.
• Isitobhi esiphuthumayo: ukuma okufinyeleleka kudokotela ngesikhathi esichaziwe sokuphendula. Izindlela zokuvuselela eziphindaphindayo.
• Ukutholwa kwephutha: Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwemingcele ebalulekile yokuphepha. Iphutha libangela isimo sokuphepha esisheshayo.

Izidingo Zokuqinisekisa Zokwakhiwa Kokuphepha ngokwe-IEC 60601

Ukuthembeka kuncike ekulondolozeni imingcele eklanyelwe ebhodini: ububanzi bethusi, isikhala sokuhlukaniswa, ukukhululeka kokushisa, ukugcinwa kwezixhumi, ukususwa kwezingxenye, kanye nokumbozwa kokuhlolwa. Ukukhiqiza kufanele kuqinisekise lezi zici esikhundleni sokuphatha i-PCB njengomhlangano ojwayelekile ngokuhlolwa kokupasa/ukuhluleka okuvamile.

Ukusebenziseka kahle kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokusebenzisa izixhumi ezibhalwe amalebula, izindawo zokuhlola ezifinyelelekayo, izinhlobo zebhodi ezicacile, kanye nokulandelela izinombolo ze-serial. Uma irobhothi lihluleka ensimini, ukuxilongwa okuhle kwezinga lebhodi kuvumela ithimba lenkonzo ukuthi lihlukanise inkinga ngokushesha esikhundleni sokushintsha ama-assemblies amakhulu noma ukubuyisela irobhothi lonke.

Umthetho osebenzayo ukukhetha ukwakhiwa okulula kakhulu okusahlangabezana nesignali, ukuphepha, ukushisa, kanye nesidingo semishini. Ukucaciswa ngokweqile kukhulisa izindleko, kuyilapho ukucaciswa okungaphelele kudala ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa noma sokufakwa ensimini.

Ukukhiqiza Ngaphansi Kohlelo Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi

Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Zokukhiqiza Ngaphansi Kohlelo Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi

Ukukhiqiza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi kwethula izidingo ezithile zenqubo. Imikhuba eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ehlobene ne-QMS yile:

• Izinqubo ezibhalwe phansi: isinyathelo ngasinye sokukhiqiza silandela izinqubo ezibhaliwe. Izinqubo zihunyushwe futhi zilawulwa.
• Shintsha isilawuli: Izinguquko zenqubo zidlula ekulawulweni koshintsho okusemthethweni. Ukuhlaziywa komthelela kanye nokuqinisekiswa kabusha kuyadingeka.
• Ukulandeleka kwezingxenye: izingxenye eziningi ezilandelelwa kusukela ekutholeni ngokuhlanganiswa kuya ezinombolweni ezithile zebhodi.
• Hlola ukugcinwa kwedatha: idatha yokuhlola ngeyunithi ngayinye igcinwe isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina esisemthethweni.
• Ukuphathwa kokungalandeli imithetho: Amaphutha okukhiqiza alandelelwa, ahlaziywe, futhi alungiswe ngenqubo esemthethweni.
• IKHAPA: isinyathelo sokulungisa nokuvimbela izinkinga zekhwalithi. Uphenyo nokuvala okubhalwe phansi.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokukhiqiza Nokwethenjelwa

Isiyalo sokumbozwa kokuhlolwa siyalinganiswa nesidingo sokuthembeka. Izicelo zabathengi zidinga ukumbozwa okuncane kunezimboni; izimboni zidinga ukumbozwa okuncane kunezokwelapha; ezokwelapha zidinga ukuphepha okuncane. Ukuqhathanisa ukumbozwa kokuhlolwa nesidingo sangempela kulondoloza isabelomali sezindleko ngenkathi kunikeza isiqinisekiso esidingwa yisicelo.

Imibhalo yokukhiqiza ivame ukutshalwa imali encane ngesikhathi sokuklama futhi kuyabiza ukuyikha emuva. Amarekhodi okuhlolwa ngeyunithi ngayinye athathwe ngesikhathi sophenyo lwensimu yokusekela umkhiqizo eminyakeni eminingi kamuva; ukulandelelwa kwengxenye yezingxenye kusekela ukuhlaziywa kokubuyiselwa kwensimu ngemva kokufa. Izinhlelo ezihlela imibhalo kusenesikhathi zinamarekhodi eziwadingayo; izinhlelo ezingeza imibhalo kamuva zivame ukulahlekelwa idatha ebezingayifuna.

Izinto Okucatshangelwayo Ngokuhambisana Nokuhlanza Inzalo

Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Zokuhambisana Nokuhlanza Inzalo

Ukuhambisana kokuhlanza kuthinta ukukhethwa kwezingxenye kanye nokwakhiwa kwazo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlanza kanye nemiphumela yazo yilezi:

• I-autoclave yomusi: umusi oshisayo osezingeni eliphezulu. Izinga elijwayelekile lemishini engasetshenziswa kabusha. Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye nezinto kumele kubekezelele ukushisa okumanzi okungu-121-134 °C.
• I-ethylene oxide: ukubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali. Iyahambisana nezinsiza eziningi ze-elekthronikhi; idinga umoya ovunguzayo.
• Imisebe ye-Gamma: imisebe enamandla aphezulu. Ilimaza izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi; isetshenziswa kakhulu kumadivayisi asetshenziswa kanye kuphela apakishiwe.
• I-hydrogen peroxide: ukubulala amagciwane kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphansi. Kuvamile emishinini yesimanje.
• Ukubulala amagciwane ngesandla: ukusula phakathi kokusetshenziswa. Isakhiwo sendlu kanye nomklamo wesixhumi kumele kuvumele ukuhlanza ngokuphelele.
• Ayihlanzisi: ezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe zezokwelapha zivikelwe ekuthintaneni nesiguli futhi azidingi ukubulala amagciwane.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokukhiqiza Nokwethenjelwa

Ukubonakala kweketanga lokuphakelwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kuthinta kokubili izindleko kanye nokuthembeka. Abakhiqizi abanekhono lokuthola impahla esebenzayo bamukela imijikelezo yokwabiwa ebingabangela ukumiswa kokukhiqiza; abakhiqizi abangenalo ilungelo lokuthola impahla esebenzayo badlula ezinkingeni zokuphakelwa kumakhasimende. Inani lokuthola impahla esebenzayo liphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuntuleka kwemboni yonke futhi liphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimo zokuphakelwa ezizinzile.

Imijikelezo yokuphindaphinda ukuklama izuza ngempendulo eqinile yokukhiqiza umklamo. Umlingani wokukhiqiza ohlinzeka ngempendulo esheshayo ye-DFM uvumela ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo; umlingani ohlinzeka ngempendulo ehamba kancane noma engajulile unciphisa ukuphindaphinda ngokulinganayo. Izinhlelo ezikhetha ozakwethu bokukhiqiza ngokwengxenye yekhwalithi yempendulo zivame ukuhamba ngesigaba sesibonelo ngokushesha kunezinhlelo ezikhetha ngesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu sodwa.

Imibhalo yokulawula iba namandla kakhulu lapho amarekhodi okulandelela exhuma ekuhambeni komsebenzi wokuhlola ukukhiqiza kanye nomhlangano we-PCB wenzwa yokunemba osetshenziselwa ukulawula impendulo.

Imibhalo Yokuthunyelwa Kwemithetho

Izidingo Zomsebenzi Wokuphepha

Imibhalo esekela ukuthunyelwa kwedivayisi yezokwelapha idinga ubufakazi obuthile bokukhiqiza. Izigaba eziyinhloko zemibhalo yilezi:

• Ifayela Lomlando Wokuklama: umnikelo ovela ekukhiqizeni oya kumakhasimende e-DHF. Imibhalo yenqubo yokukhiqiza.
• Irekhodi Eliyinhloko Ledivayisi: izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezincazelo zedivayisi. Ilawulwa yinguqulo.
• Irekhodi Lomlando Wedivayisi: Amarekhodi okukhiqiza ngeyunithi ngayinye. Agcinwe isikhathi sokulawula.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala: amayunithi okuqala okukhiqiza aqinisekiswe ngokwencazelo yomklamo. Umbiko osemthethweni.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo: inqubo yokukhiqiza iqinisekisiwe ukukhiqiza umphumela ohambisanayo. Imibhalo ye-IQ/OQ/PQ.
• Izitifiketi zezingxenye: izitifiketi zezinto kanye namarekhodi okufaneleka kwezingxenye. Kulandelelwa ezindaweni ezithile zokukhiqiza.

Ubufakazi, Ukuxilongwa, kanye Nokulandelela

Umnotho we-volume-band uthinta ukukhetha kwenqubo efanele ngendlela ehlukile ezikalini ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Imikhuba ebuyisela amayunithi ayi-100,000 ngonyaka ayivamile ukubuyisela amayunithi angama-500; imikhuba enengqondo ku-prototype ayivamile ukwenza umqondo ku-volume ephezulu. Ukuqhathanisa indlela yokukhiqiza ne-volume yangempela yokukhiqiza yikho okwenza i-volume ngayinye iphumelele ngokomnotho.

Izibopho zesitifiketi somthetho ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwesicelo kanye nemakethe. Ubufakazi bokukhiqiza obusekela ukuthunyelwa kwamakhasimende bungasukela kokuncane (imikhiqizo yabathengi ezimakethe ezingalawulwa) kuya kokubanzi (amadivayisi ezokwelapha anezikhathi zokugcina eziqinile). Izinhlelo ezichaza izidingo zesitifiketi kusilinganiso zithola ukusethwa kokukhiqiza ngendlela efanele; izinhlelo ezingeza izidingo zesitifiketi kamuva ngezinye izikhathi zidinga izinguquko zenqubo.

Ukuhlela umjikelezo wokuphila kufanele futhi kufake phakathi ukushintshana kwezingxenye ezilawulwayo ngokusebenzisa ukutholakala kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi , ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zezokwelapha ezidinga ukwakhiwa okuphindaphindwayo eminyakeni eminingi.

Izibopho Zokusekela Umkhiqizo Wesikhathi Eside

Izinketho Eziyinhloko Zokuklama Zezibopho Zokusekela Umkhiqizo Wesikhathi Eside

Izibopho zokusekela umkhiqizo zesikhathi eside ziyahlukahluka kumadivayisi ezokwelapha. Izinhlelo ngokuvamile kumele zisekele ukukhiqizwa, isevisi, kanye nokuhlela kokuthenga okokugcina phakathi nezikhathi ezichazwe yimithetho. Izinto eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe yilezi:

• Ukuphathwa kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezingxenye: Izingxenye ezithile eziphelelwa ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo. Ziphathwa ngokuthengwa okokugcina, ukufaneleka okunye, noma ushintsho lomklamo.
• Ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza: ikhono lokukhiqiza idivayisi efanayo ngencazelo efanayo iminyaka eminingi. Kudinga inqubo eqinile kanye nochungechunge lokunikezwa.
• Usekelo lwenkonzo yasensimini: ukutholakala kwezingxenye, ikhono lokulungisa, kanye nophenyo lokwehluleka kwensimu kuyo yonke impilo yomkhiqizo.
• Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi omthetho: amarekhodi okukhiqiza agcinwa ngokwemfuneko yomthetho. Ngokuvamile iminyaka eyi-10+ ngemva kokuyekiswa komkhiqizo.
• Ukuphathwa koshintsho lomkhiqizo: ukulawula ushintsho olusemthethweni okuhlanganisa nesaziso sokulawula lapho izinguquko zithinta ukwakheka kwedivayisi evunyiwe.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokukhiqiza Nokwethenjelwa

Ukukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe kumlingani oyedwa wokukhiqiza kulondoloza ulwazi lwezikhungo oluqongelela ezizukulwaneni zemikhiqizo. Umlingani owakhe izizukulwane eziningi zemikhiqizo efanayo uyazi izinkinga ezithile ezivelayo, izinguquko zenqubo ezithuthukisa isivuno, amaphethini okuklama akhiqiza kahle. Lolu lwazi aludluliselwa kubalingani abasha ngaphandle kwezindleko.

Ingxoxo eqhubekayo yobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza ithuthukisa kokubili ubudlelwano bemikhiqizo kanye nomphakeli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukukhiqiza idatha ebuyela emuva kubunjiniyela kwazisa ukuhluzwa komklamo; idatha yokubuyiselwa kwensimu ebuyela emuva kwazisa kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kokuklama kanye nokukhiqiza. Izinhlelo lapho le ngxoxo isebenza khona ziyathuthuka kuzo zonke izizukulwane zomkhiqizo.

Ukuze uthole izinqumo zokuklama eziseduze, bheka i-PCB assembly ye-robot sensor ukuze uthole izilinganiso zezokwelapha kanye nomhlahlandlela wedokhumenti ye-PCB ye-I/O yerobhothi kanye ne-interface yokuphepha.

Ukukhiqiza ama-PCB eRobhothi Yezokwelapha e-Highleap

Isibuyekezo se-DFM Ngaphambi Kokukhiqizwa

I-Highleap ikhiqiza ama-electronics e-robot yezokwelapha ngezidingo zamadivayisi ezokwelapha ezithile. Amakhono athile afaka:

• I-ISO 13485 QMS: ukukhiqiza okusebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yedivayisi yezokwelapha.
• Ukukhiqizwa kokuhlukaniswa: ukwakhiwa kokuhlukaniswa okuqinisiwe okuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-IEC 60601.
• Ukulandeleka kweyunithi ngayinye: amarekhodi ezindawo zezingxenye kanye nedatha yokuhlola egcinwe ngeyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi sokulawula.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo: Imibhalo ye-IQ/OQ/PQ yezinqubo zokukhiqiza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala: umbiko we-FAI osemthethweni wokuthunyelwa kwemithetho.
• Usekelo lwesikhathi eside: ukuphathwa kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezingxenye kanye nokuqhubeka kokukhiqiza kuyo yonke impilo yomkhiqizo.

Ukuhlolwa, Ukulandelela, kanye Nokudluliselwa Kwesakhiwo

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-robotics ihlanganisa imikhuba evela ezigabeni eziningana ze-electronics zendabuko. Kusukela kuma-electronics abathengi — ukuzithiba kwezindleko kanye nokukhiqizwa komthamo. Kusukela kuma-electronics ezimboni — ubunjiniyela bokuthembeka kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Kusukela kuma-electronics ezimoto — ukudlidliza kanye nokubekezelelana kwemvelo. Kusukela kuma-electronics ezokwelapha — imibhalo kanye nokulandeleka. Ama-robotics ayazuza ngokuhlanganisa lokhu.

Izinhlelo eziphatha ukukhiqiza njengento ehlelekile — ukutshala imali ebudlelwaneni nabahlinzeki, ukwabelana ngolwazi lokubikezela, ukuxhumanisa amandla — ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono kunezinhlelo eziphatha ukukhiqiza ngendlela yokuthengiselana. Indlela yokuthengiselana isindisa isikhathi sokuxoxisana kodwa ilahlekelwa izinzuzo ezikhulayo zokubambisana kwabahlinzeki besikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-PCB Yerobhothi Lezokwelapha

Iyini i-PCB yerobhothi yezokwelapha?

I-PCB yerobhothi yezokwelapha iyinhlanganisela ye-elekthronikhi esetshenziswa kudivayisi yezokwelapha yerobhothi njengerobhothi lokuhlinza, irobhothi lokuvuselela, irobhothi lokuthwebula izithombe, uhlelo lokuzenzakalela lwelabhorethri, noma ipulatifomu yokuzenzakalela yekhemisi. Ingaphatha imisebenzi yokulawula, ukuzwa, ukunyakaza, amandla, ukuxhumana, noma ukuphepha ngaphansi kwezimfuneko zekhwalithi yedivayisi yezokwelapha kanye nemibhalo.

I-IEC 60601 ikuthinta kanjani ukwakheka kwe-PCB yerobhothi lezokwelapha?

I-IEC 60601 ithonya ukuhlukaniswa, ukuvuza kwamanje, ukukhukhuleka kanye nokususwa, umhlaba ovikelayo, izingxenye ezisetshenziswa yisiguli, ukuphathwa kwengozi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha. I-PCB iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yokuthobela imithetho, kodwa ukwakheka kwebhodi, ukukhethwa kwezingxenye, ukwakheka kwamandla, kanye nemibhalo kumele kusekele icala eliphelele lokuphepha kwemishini kagesi yezokwelapha.

Kungani i-ISO 13485 ibalulekile kuma-PCB amarobhothi ezokwelapha?

I-ISO 13485 ichaza okulindelwe ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi kokukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Kuma-PCB, lokhu kuthinta izinqubo ezibhalwe phansi, ukulawulwa komhlinzeki, ukulandelelwa, ukuphathwa koshintsho, ukuphathwa kokungahambisani, ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi. Ngisho noma umenzi we-PCB engeyena umenzi wedivayisi osemthethweni, amarekhodi akhe angase asekele ifayela lokulawula lekhasimende.

Kusho ukuthini ukuhambisana kokubulala inzalo kuma-PCB?

Ukuhambisana kokuhlanza kusho ukuthi ibhodi, i-coating, izixhumi, amalebula, izinamathiseli, kanye nezindawo zokuvala kungabekezelela indlela yokuhlanza ehlosiwe noma indlela yokuhlanza. I-Autoclave, i-hydrogen peroxide plasma, i-ethylene oxide, i-alcohol wipe-down, nezinye izindlela zibeka ukucindezeleka okuhlukile kwezinto. Akuwona wonke amabhodi e-robot yezokwelapha ahlanzwa, kodwa izinhlangano ezingasetshenziswa kabusha eziseduze nesiguli zingase zibe njalo.

Yikuphi ukulandeleka okudingekayo kuma-electronics e-robot yezokwelapha?

Ukulandelela ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi idatha yengxenye, izinombolo zebhodi, umzila wokukhiqiza, imiphumela yokuhlola, amarekhodi okuhlola, inguqulo ye-firmware, umlando wokusebenza kabusha, kanye namarekhodi okushintsha. Ukujula okudingekayo kuncike ekilasini lengozi yedivayisi kanye nohlelo lwekhwalithi yamakhasimende. Ukulandelela kufanele kwakhiwe kube ukukhiqiza ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kokuqala okulawulwayo.

Amarekhodi e-PCB erobhothi yezokwelapha kufanele agcinwe isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi kuncike emakethe, esigabeni sedivayisi, izidingo zamakhasimende, kanye nesivumelwano sekhwalithi. Izinhlelo zamarobhothi ezokwelapha zivame ukudinga amarekhodi agcinwe iminyaka eminingi, ngezinye izikhathi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwedivayisi kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokulawula. Okulindelekile kokugcinwa kufanele kuvunyelwane ngakho ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ngoba ukwakha kabusha ubufakazi bokukhiqiza obungekho kamuva kunzima.

Ama-PCB erobhothi lezokwelapha ahlolwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza?

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka i-AOI, i-X-ray, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, uhlelo lwe-firmware, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa noma kwe-hipot lapho kufanele khona, ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nokuvuza ezingeni lesistimu, ukulinganiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina. Imikhawulo yokuhlola kufanele ibhalwe phansi futhi ixhunywe nezinombolo zochungechunge. Noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kabusha kufanele kulandele izinqubo ezilawulwayo futhi kuqoshwe phansi.

Yini okufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhetha umenzi we-PCB werobhothi lezokwelapha?

Hlola ulwazi ngemibhalo elawulwayo, ukulandeleka, ukulawula ushintsho, ukuhlolwa kwamakhasimende okulawulwayo, okulindelwe emsebenzini we-IPC, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuthola isikhathi eside, kanye nezivumelwano zekhwalithi. Umhlinzeki kufanele aqonde ukuthi ubufakazi bokukhiqiza amarobhothi ezokwelapha buyingxenye yokusekelwa kokuhambisana komkhiqizo kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila, hhayi nje irekhodi lokuthunyelwa.

Thumela amafayela e-PCB erobhothi yezokwelapha ukuze uthole i-DFM, ukulandeleka, kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuhlolwa