Umhlahlandlela Wesikhathi Sokuhola Se-PCB Assembly Wokulethwa Okusheshayo

Isikhathi sokuhola sokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB asikona nje ukubekwa kwezingxenye kuphela. Siphinde sihlanganise nokuthola izingxenye, ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela, ukubopha, ukuhlola, ukuhlola, kanye nesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-PCB lapho kudingeka. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zixhumana kanjani kukusiza ukuthi uhlele ukwakha ngokunembile futhi usheshise ukulethwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi.

Kwa-Highleap Electronics, sisebenza njengefektri yokukhiqiza i-PCB kanye ne-PCB assembly. Lokho kusho ukuthi singaxhumanisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kanye ne-PCBA ngaphansi kohlelo olulodwa lokukhiqiza lapho amakhasimende edinga ukwakhiwa okuphelele. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yini eqhuba isikhathi sokuhola sokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB kanye nendlela yokwenza ngcono isheduli yakho yephrojekthi.

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1 Isikhathi Sokuhola Somhlangano we-PCB

Isikhathi sokuhola sokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB sihlanganisa isethi ephelele yemisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kuthunyelwe amabhodi ahlanganisiwe aqediwe. Kuye ngephrojekthi yakho, ingafaka phakathi ukwenziwa kwe-PCB, ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ifektri eyodwa ilawule kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo ukuze kube nokubikezela okungcono kweshejuli.

1.1 Izigaba Ezifakiwe Esikhathini Sokuhola Somhlangano we-PCB

Ngaphambi Kokukhiqizwa

• Ukucutshungulwa kwama-oda kanye nokubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela
• Ukuthola izingxenye zokwakha ama-turnkey
• Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB uma amabhodi enganikezwa amakhasimende
• Ukwenziwa kwe-stencil

Assembly

• Ukusethwa nokubekwa kwe-SMT
• Ukugcwalisa okokufaka okwehliswayo
• Ngokucutshungulwa kwemigodi uma kufanele
• Ukuhlolwa kanye nokulungiswa

Umhlangano Weposi

• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-AOI ICT
• Ukugqoka okuvumelanayo uma kusebenza
• Ukuhlolwa kokugcina
• Ukupakisha nokuthunyelwa

1.2 Izikhathi Ezijwayelekile Zokuhola

I-Prototype Turnkey isukela emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu iyonke

• Izingxenye izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 uma zikhona esitokweni
• Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kungasebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo uma kudingeka
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-5

Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sisukela emavikini amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu

• Izingxenye zeviki eli-1 kuya kweli-4 kuye ngokuthi ziyatholakala yini
• Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kungasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kuhlelwe kusenesikhathi
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10

Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithwalo kuphela isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili

• Ukufaka nokuqinisekisa izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3

1.3 Ukuhlela Indlela Ebucayi

Ezindaweni eziningi zokwakha, isithiyo sangempela yizingxenye noma ukwenziwa kwe-PCB hhayi isikhathi somugqa we-SMT. Uhlelo olungokoqobo lukhomba ukuthi yini ngempela evimbela ukuthunyelwa ngaphambi kokukhokhela noma yiziphi izinketho zokusheshisa.

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2 Ukuthola Izinto Ezitholakalayo Ngokuvamile Kunquma Uhlelo

Ku-turnkey PCBA, ukuthola izingxenye kuvame ukusetha ijubane lephrojekthi. Ngisho noma ukwenziwa nokuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB kushesha, i-IC eyodwa elinganiselwe ingacindezela ukulethwa ngamasonto.

2.1 Izigaba Zesikhathi Sokuhola

Gcina izinto ngokushesha kuze kube amasonto ama-2

• Ama-passive avamile ama-resistor ama-capacitor ama-inductor
• Ama-transistors ama-diode ajwayelekile
• Izixhumi ezidumile nama-IC ajwayelekile

Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhola amasonto ama-2 kuya kwayi-8

• Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezingavamile
• Izinhlobo ezithile zephakheji
• Ama-IC anenani eliphakeme

Isikhathi sokukhokha esinwetshiwe kusukela emavikini angu-8 kuya kwangu-26 nangaphezulu

• Izingxenye ezikhethekile
• Izingxenye ezixinene ngesikhathi sokuntuleka
• Izingxenye zezinga lezimboni zezimoto
• Amadivayisi enziwe ngokwezifiso noma awenziwe ngokwezifiso kancane

2.2 Kungani Ukuthola Imithombo Kuncipha Ijubane

• Izimo zemakethe ukuntuleka kwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhola
• Ubuningi izakhiwo ezinkulu zingadinga ukwabiwa kwefektri
• Imininingwane ukupakishwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izindlela ezivunyiwe
• Isitoko somsabalalisi isitoko esigunyaziwe sithunyelwa ngokushesha kuyilapho ama-oda akhethekile ethatha isikhathi

2.3 Izindlela Ezisebenzayo Zokunciphisa Ingozi Yokuthola Imithombo

• I-BOM scrub kusenesikhathi thola izinto ezinde ngaphambi kokukhiya kwesheduli
• Vuma ezinye izindlela vumela ukushintshwa komthombo wesibili uma kudingeka
• Oda kusengaphambili izingxenye ezibalulekile qala ukuthenga ngaphambi kokumiswa komklamo wokugcina uma kungenzeka
• Yakha isitoko sokuphepha izinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziphindaphindwayo ukuvimbela ukubambezeleka

Isikhathi Sokukhiqiza Somhlangano Esi-3 Kusukela Ekusethweni Kuya Ekuqedweni

Uma amabhodi nezingxenye sezilungile, umjikelezo wokuhlanganisa uvame ukubikezelwa. Iziguquguquko eziyinhloko ukushintshashintsha kokusetha, okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuxubile, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinqubo ezikhethekile ezethula isikhathi sokulungisa.

3.1 Ukusethwa kwe-SMT Nesikhathi Sokusebenza

Ukusetha usuku olu-0.5 kuya kolu-1 ngomklamo ngamunye

• Ukuqinisekiswa nokulungiswa kohlelo
• Ukulayisha nokuqinisekisa kwesiphakeli
• Ukulungiswa kwe-stencil
• Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye yokuqala

Amanani okukhiqiza

• Isivinini sokubekwa 10,000 kuya ku-60,000 CPH kuye ngemishini
• Ibhodi elijwayelekile lithatha imizuzu eyi-1 kuya kwemi-3 isikhathi somshini
• Umthamo wokusebenza uvame ukulinganiselwa amandla okuphinda ugeleze kanye nokuhlanganisa

3.2 Isikhathi Sokucubungula Ngemigodi

Uma isakhiwo sakho sihlanganisa izingxenye ze-THT

• Ukufakwa ngesandla izingxenye ezingaba ngu-50 kuya ku-200 ngehora ngomqhubi ngamunye
• I-solder ekhetha amagagasi cishe imizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-5 ebhodini ngalinye
• Ukuhlolwa kanye nokulungiswa kuyahlukahluka ngobunzima

I-THT ivame ukwenezela izinsuku ezingu-0.5 kuya kwezingu-2 kuye ngokuthi ivolumu kanye nomklamo wayo ungakanani.

3.3 Izinqubo Ezikhethekile Ezengeza Izinsuku

• Ukungagcwalisi kahle Usuku olu-0.5 kuya ku-1 kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokuphulukiswa
• Ukumboza okuhambisanayo 0.5 kuya ku-1 usuku
• Ukupheka Izinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokuphulukiswa
• Umhlangano wemishini okuguquguqukayo

Thola Umugqa Wesikhathi Womhlangano

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4 Izidingo Zesikhathi Sokuhlola Nokulawula Ikhwalithi

Ukuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi kuvikela ukuthembeka, kodwa futhi kudinga isikhathi kanye nomthamo. Isu lokuhlola elifanele ligcina ikhwalithi iphezulu ngaphandle kokuba yisithiyo.

4.1 Izinyathelo Zokuhlola

• I-AOI ukuhlolwa okuqondile okunesikhathi esincane esengeziwe
• Ukuhlola okubukwayo Imizuzu emi-2 kuya kweyi-10 ebhodini ngalinye
• I-X ray Imizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-15 ebhodini ngalinye ukuze kuthathwe amasampula e-BGA QFN

4.2 Ukuhlolwa Kukagesi Nokusebenza

• ICT Imizuzwana engama-30 kuya kwemizuzu emi-3 ebhodini ngalinye
• I-probe yokundiza Imizuzu emi-3 kuya kweyi-15 ebhodini ngalinye
• Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuyahlukahluka kusukela kumaminithi kuya emahoreni

4.3 Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuhlolwa Nomthelela Weshejuli

Ubuningi beprototype abuvami ukushaya imikhawulo yokukhipha, kodwa amanani okukhiqiza kumele avumelanise umthamo wokuhlola nomkhiqizo we-SMT. Emikhiqizweni emisha, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa okusebenzayo kungadinga isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili futhi kufanele kuhlelwe kusengaphambili.

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Izikhathi Ezi-5 Zokushintsha Nokuthumela Izinto Ezidingekayo Nokuthi Ungasheshisa Kanjani

Ijubane lakho lokulethwa lincike ekutheni ukwakhiwa kuhlanganisa yini ukuthola kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-PCB ngaphakathi kwesheduli eyodwa yefektri noma ukuthi uzihlinzeka ngezinto ngokwakho. Indlela engcono kakhulu incike ekuphuthumeni, ingozi ye-BOM, kanye nokuthi udinga ukulawula okungakanani.

5.1 Ukuqhathaniswa Kwesikhathi Sokushintsha Nokuthunyelwa Kwempahla

I-Turnkey

• Ifektri ilawula ukutholakala kwezingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesheduli
• Isikhathi esijwayelekile esiphelele sisukela emavikini amabili kuya kwayi-5 kuye ngokutholakala kwengxenye

Isipho

• Ikhasimende lihlinzeka ngazo zonke izinto zokwakha futhi ifektri igxile ekuhlanganiseni nasekuvivinyeni
• Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuhlanganiswa sithatha isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili kuphela uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ikhithi iphelele

5.2 Izinketho Zokujika Ngokushesha Ezisusa Usuku Lomkhumbi Ngempela

I-PCBA ephenduka ngokushesha icindezela amashejuli ngokuhlela izinto eziza kuqala, ukuthola izinto ngokushesha ngentengo ephezulu, ukucubungula isikhathi esengeziwe, kanye nemigqa yangaphakathi emifushane. Izakhiwo ezilula zivame ukulingana izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezi-7 kanti izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ukulingana izinsuku ezi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 lapho izinto sezilungile.

Ukuze kwakhiwe ngokugcwele okuphuthumayo okuhlanganisa amabhodi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB okusheshayo kungahlanganiswa nokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi esiphelele lapho i-BOM itholakala.

5.3 Ukuklama Nokukhetha Idatha Okuthuthukisa Isivinini Ngaphandle Kwengozi Yekhwalithi

• Sebenzisa izingxenye ezivamile ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthengwa kwe-lead isikhathi eside
• Nciphisa inani lezingxenye eliyingqayizivele ukupheka okusheshayo kanye nokuntuleka okuncane
• Umklamo wokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ukushintshwa okuncane ngesandla kanye nokulungiswa kabusha
• Vuma ezinye izindlela vumela izinqumo zokuthola ulwazi ngokushesha
• Thumela idatha ephelele gwema ukubambezeleka kobunjiniyela
• Phendula ngokushesha qhubeka nokukhiqiza ngesikhathi semibuzo

5.4 Qondanisa Isikhathi Sokukhokha Ngobuningi Nesabelomali

Ukuze uhlele inani, buyekeza i-PCB MOQ kanye nezinketho zokuhlanganisa i-PCB ze-MOQ eziphansi . Ukuze uthole izinqumo zesabelomali mayelana nokukhetha okusheshayo, ukuqonda izindleko zokuhlanganisa i-PCB kusiza ukulinganisela imigomo yesheduli kanye nesamba semali echithwe yiphrojekthi.