Umhlahlandlela Wokuklama Ama-PCB Pad Wokuthembeka Kokushisela Okungcono kanye Nokukhiqiza Ama-PCB

Iphedi ye-PCB ingase ibukeke njengesici sethusi esincane, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu ekutheni ibhodi lingahlanganiswa kahle yini, lihlolwe kahle, futhi lisetshenziswe ngokuthembekile ensimini. Emaphrojekthini amaningi, amaphutha okunamathela, amalunga abuthakathaka, ukuphakamisa amaphedi, ukuthunjwa ngamatshe, ukuqhekeka, noma ukuxhumana kukagesi okungazinzile kungalandelwa emuva ezinqumweni zokuklama amaphedi ezenziwe kudala kakhulu esigabeni sokuhlelwa.

Yingakho ama-PCB pads ebaluleke kakhulu ngale komtapo wolwazi wezinyawo. I-pad ayigcini nje lapho ingxenye ithinta khona ibhodi. Ithinta ivolumu ye-solder, ibhalansi yokushisa, ukukhiqizwa, ukufinyelela kokuhlola, uxhumano lukagesi, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Uma i-geometry ye-pad ingalungile, ngisho nokuhlelwa okuhle kanye nokuhlelwa okufanele kusengadala izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi iyini i-PCB pad, ukuthi ama-surface mount pads ahluke kanjani kuma-through-hole pads, lapho kusetshenziswa i-PCB contact pad, kusho ukuthini i-padstack ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, ukuthi ama-NSMD nama-SMD BGA pads aqhathaniswa kanjani, ukuthi kungani ukwakheka kwama-hand pad kuvame ukubangela amaphutha, nokuthi ungazakha kanjani izakhiwo zama-pad okulula ukuzenza nokuzihlanganisa. Uma usebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB , ulungiselela amafayela okukhiqiza, noma uzama ukuthuthukisa isivuno sokuhlanganiswa, ukuqonda ukwakheka kwama-pad kuzokusiza ugweme izinkinga ezibizayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqiza.

Iyini i-PCB Pad

Iphedi ye-PCB yindawo yensimbi eveziwe ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe lapho i-lead yengxenye, i-terminal, indawo yokuxhumana, noma indawo yokuhlola ihlanganiswa khona noma ixhunywe ngogesi. Ezimweni eziningi, iphedi yenziwe ngethusi futhi iqedwa ngokwelashwa kwendawo okusekela ukushintshwa, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kanye nokuqina.

Ama-PCB pad asetshenziswa kokubili ekwakhiweni kokufaka okungaphezulu kanye nemigodi edlulayo. Angaxhunywa kuma-traces, ama-via, ama-planes, izixhumi, ama-test interface, kanye nama-package terminations kuye ngenhloso yesekethe. Nakuba i-pad ibukeka ilula, ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza.

Konjiniyela nabathengi, nansi into ewusizo: i-PCB pad ayiyona nje into yokudweba ku-CAD. Iyisici sokukhiqiza. Uma incane, inkulu kakhulu, ingenasikhala esanele, noma ingalingani nephakheji, ibhodi lingase libukeke lilungile esikrinini kodwa lihluleke ngesikhathi sokushisela noma sokuhlola.

Izinhlobo zama-PCB Pads nokuthi Zisetshenziswa kuphi

Akuwona wonke ama-PCB pad asebenza ngenhloso efanayo. Izakhiwo zama-pad ezahlukene ziyasetshenziswa kuye ngesitayela sezingxenye, inqubo yokuhlanganisa, ukucindezeleka komshini, kanye nendlela yokuxhumana.

Amaphedi okukhweza phezulu

Ama-surface mount pads, abizwa nangokuthi ama-SMT pads noma ama-SMD pads, aklanyelwe izingxenye ezifakwe ngqo ebusweni bebhodi. Lawa ma-pads avamile kuma-electronics anamuhla ngoba asekela ukwakheka okuhlangene, ukubekwa okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaningi. Usayizi wawo, ukuma, isikhala, kanye nokuziphatha kokunamathisela i-solder konke kuthinta ikhwalithi yokugeleza kabusha. Uma ibhodi lakho lisebenzisa izingxenye ze -SMD ne-SMT , i-pad geometry iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba ngisho namaphutha amancane angabangela ukubopha, ukugoba, noma amalunga abuthakathaka.

Amaphedi angena emigodini

Ama-pads anezimbobo asetshenziselwa izingxenye ezisebenzisa ama-lead adlula emigodini ebholiwe ku-PCB. Lawa ma-pads asasetshenziswa kabanzi ezixhumini, ama-transformer, amadivayisi kagesi, ama-capacitor amakhulu, kanye nezingxenye ezidinga ukwesekwa okuqinile kwemishini.

Kunamafomu amabili amakhulu:

• Amaphedi ambozwe ngembobo sebenzisa i-copper plating odongeni lwembobo ukuze udale ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba.
• Ama-pads angenazimbobo ezimbobo zisetshenziswa lapho ukuqhutshwa kukagesi ngembobo kungadingeki, njengokufakwa kwemishini noma izici zokuhlukanisa.

Amaphedi okuxhumana

Iphedi yokuxhumana ye-PCB isetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukuthintana ngqo kukagesi ngaphandle kwentambo yendabuko ehlanganisiwe. Lawa maphedi avame kakhulu ezixhumini ezisemaphethelweni, kuma-terminal ebhethri, kuma-interface e-pogo pin, kuma-contact entwasahlobo, kuma-programming points, kanye nasezinhlotsheni zokuhlola. Kulezi zimo, ukuqeda iphedi, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukufinyeleleka, kanye namandla okuxhumana kubalulekile njengosayizi wephedi.

Ama-bond pad

Ama-bond pad avame kakhulu ekupakisheni kwe-semiconductor kanye ne-electronics ekhethekile ye-hybrid. Inhloso yawo ukuxhuma isekethe kagesi kudayizi kumaphini ephakheji noma ama-lead ngokusebenzisa i-wire bonding noma izindlela ezifanayo zokuxhumanisa.

Kungani Umklamo Wephedi Le-PCB Unomthelela Oqondile Ekukhiqizeni Nasekwethembekeni

Izinkinga eziningi zokuklama amaphedi aziveli kuze kube yilapho ibhodi lifika ekwenziweni noma ekuhlanganisweni. Iphedi ebonakala yamukelekile kusofthiwe isengadala izinkinga zangempela zokukhiqiza uma i-solder paste isiphrintiwe, izingxenye sezibekiwe, futhi ibhodi lidlula ekufakweni kabusha noma ekufakweni kwamagagasi.

Uma iphedi lincane kakhulu, lingase lingakhi ijoyinti eliqinile le-solder. Uma likhulu kakhulu, ingxenye ingagudluka noma intante ngesikhathi sokugeleza kabusha. Uma isikhala sephedi siqinile kakhulu, ukubopha i-solder kuba maningi amathuba. Uma indandatho ye-annular ezungeze umgodi obhoboziwe incane kakhulu, ukubekezelela ukwenziwa kungabangela ukuqhekeka noma ukunciphisa ukuthembeka. Uma amaphedi okuxhumana esebenzisa ukuphela okungalungile, i-oxidation noma ukuguguleka kunganciphisa impilo yomkhiqizo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwephedi kuthinta ngqo:

• ikhwalithi yejoyinti le-solder
• isivuno sokuhlanganiswa
• ukuzinza kokugeleza kabusha
• ukufinyelela kokuhlola
• ukuthembeka kokuhlolwa
• ukuqina komshini
• ukusebenza kwenkundla

Yingakho ukwakheka kwephedi kufanele kubuyekezwe ngokubaluleka okufanayo nobubanzi bokulandelela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba, kanye nokubekwa kwezingxenye.

Amaphutha Okuklama Amaphedi e-SMT Avame Ukubangela Iziphambeko Zokuhlanganisa

Uma abasebenzisi befuna i-smt pad, ama-smd pad, noma umklamo we-smd pad, bavame ukuzama ukuxazulula inkinga yangempela yokuhlanganisa. Amaphutha avamile ahlobene nama-pad afaka phakathi ukuthungwa kwamatshe, ukubopha, ama-solder joints abuthakathaka, ukumanzisa kabi, ukugoba kwezingxenye, ukuvulwa, kanye nokuguquguquka okungafani phakathi kwamabhodi.

Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuvela emaphutheni ambalwa okuklama aphindaphindwayo:

• usayizi wephedi awuhambisani nesincomo sephakheji yengxenye
• ama-pads amabili engxenyeni encane engenzi lutho awalinganiswe ngokushisa
• Ukuvulwa kwemaski yesolder akuzange kubuyekezwe kanye nosayizi wephedi yethusi
• idiphozithi yokunamathisela inkulu kakhulu noma incane kakhulu kune-geometry yangempela yephedi
• i-pad ixhuma ngqo endaweni enkulu yethusi futhi idala ukungalingani kokushisa

Lezi zinkinga zibonakala kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-fine-pitch noma kwe-high-density, lapho i-process margin incane futhi ukuziphatha kwe-solder kuba bucayi kakhulu. Izendlalelo ezihlobene nazo zibalulekile. Isibonelo, ungqimba lwe-solder mask luthinta ngqo ukuvezwa kwephedi, kuyilapho izimpawu zokwakheka ezifana ne -silkscreen ku-PCB zingathinta ukucaca kokuhlolwa kanye nokuchazwa komhlangano.

Ama-NSMD BGA Pads vs ama-SMD BGA Pads

Kumaphakheji e-BGA, incazelo yamaphedi iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba iphimbo lincane kanti ukubekezelelana kokugoqa kuqinile. Izinketho ezimbili ezivamile amaphedi achazwe ngemaski angasondeli kanye namaphedi achazwe ngemaski angasondeli.

Ama-pads e-NSMD BGA

Ephepheni elichazwe ngemaski engaxutshwe ne-solder, ukuvuleka kwemaski exutshwe ne-solder kukhulu kunephedi yethusi, ngakho-ke ithusi linquma usayizi wephedi. Le ndlela ivame ukunikeza ukulawula okungcono kwe-geometry yethusi futhi ivumela i-solder ukuthi imanzise nxazonke kwephedi eligcwele. Ama-pads e-NSMD asetshenziswa kabanzi emiklamo ye-BGA ethambile kanye ne-high-density.

Ama-pads e-SMD BGA

Ephepheni elichazwe ngemaski ye-solder, ukuvulwa kwemaski ye-solder kuncane futhi kumboza ingxenye yomphetho wethusi, ngakho-ke indawo yephedi esebenzayo ichazwa yimaski ye-solder. Lokhu kunganikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile komphetho wephedi kwezinye izimo ezidinga imishini futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphakamisa amaphedi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Akukho nketho elungile kuyo yonke indawo. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike ekuphakameni kwe-BGA, amandla okukhiqiza, okulindelwe ukuthembeka, kanye nolwazi lwenqubo. Uma umklamo wakho uhlanganisa izingxenye ze-BGA, lesi sinqumo kufanele sibuyekezwe ngokucophelela kanye nephakheji esele kanye ne-stackup, ikakhulukazi emabhodini asebenzisa i-BGA kuzakhiwo ze-PCB.

I-Via in Pad kanye ne-High Density PCB Layout

Ubuchwepheshe be-Via-in-pad buvame ukusetshenziswa kumabhodi e-HDI lapho isikhala sokuqondisa silinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamadivayisi e-BGA acwebezelayo. Esikhundleni sokubeka i-via eceleni kwe-pad, i-via ibekwa ngqo ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-pad ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwe-routing nokusekela ukuxhumana okuxineneyo.

Lokhu kusiza ukonga isikhala, kodwa futhi kwandisa ubunzima bokukhiqiza. Uma i-via ingagcwaliswanga, ivaliwe, noma ingacutshungulwa kahle, i-solder ingase ifake imbobo ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa futhi yenze buthaka ijoyinti. Ngaleso sizathu, i-via-in-pad kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma ubuchwepheshe bebhodi kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza isekela ngokwethembeka. Ekubuyekezweni kwesakhiwo, kufanele futhi icatshangelwe kanye ne -PCB ejwayelekile ngesu kunokuphathwa njengemininingwane yesinyathelo esisodwa.

Okushiwo yi-Padstack ku-PCB Design

Uma abasebenzisi besesha i-padstack ku-PCB, bavame ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi i-pad ichazwa kanjani ngesakhiwo sebhodi kunokuba ichazwe kuphela kusendlalelo esisodwa esibonakalayo. I-padstack incazelo ephelele yesici esibholiwe noma esiqhubayo kuzo zonke izendlalelo ze-PCB eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

I-padstack ingafaka:

• usayizi wokubhoboza
• usayizi wembobo oqediwe
• ububanzi bephedi kungqimba ngayinye
• incazelo yendandatho ehlanganisiwe
• imithetho yokulwa nephedi noma yokususa
• ukuziphatha kwemaski yesolder
• uhlobo lokufaka ipuleti kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi wokuklama usebenza kanjani

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izilungiselelo ze-padstack zithinta isivuno sokwenziwa, imingcele yokushisa, ukuthembeka kwendandatho ye-annular, nokuthi ngabe umklamo ungokoqobo yini enqubweni yebhodi ekhethiwe. I-padstack esebenza ku-CAD kodwa engayinaki ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza ingadala ukwehluleka kamuva ekubholeni, ekufakeni i-plating, noma ekubhalisweni.

Kungani Ukuklanywa Kwephedi Eyenziwe Ngesandla Kuvame Ukudala Izinkinga

Ukwakheka kwephedi ngesandla kungase kubonakale kuguquguquka, kodwa kuvame ukubangela amaphutha angagwenywa uma kungasekelwe kudatha yephakheji kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• ukuqhekeka kwembobo edlulayo kubangelwa ukunganeli kwendandatho ye-annular
• amalunga e-SMT abuthakathaka okubangelwa ama-pad amancane kakhulu
• izingxenye ezintantayo okubangelwa ama-pads amakhulu kakhulu kanye nevolumu yokudayisa engazinzile
• amatshe ethuneni okubangelwa ukuziphatha okungalingani kokushisa phakathi kwama-pad
• ama-shorts okubangelwa ukuncipha kokuphuma kwethusi eliseduze

Yingakho izimo zephedi kungafanele zidwetshwe kabusha ngokunganaki ukuze nje "zenze ukwakheka kulingane." Ukuguqulwa kwephedi kufanele kuqhutshwe yizincomo zezingxenye, indlela yokuhlanganisa, kanye nekhono lokwenza, hhayi ngokulula kokubona.

Indlela Yokwakha Imiklamo Ye-PCB Pad Ethembekile

Ukwakheka kwephedi okuthembekile kusho okungaphezu nje kokufanisa i-lead noma iphakheji yengxenye. Iphedi kumele futhi isekele ukubekezelela ukwenziwa, ukuziphatha kokunamathisela, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.

Umklamo omuhle wephedi kufanele ucabangele:

• ukuvikela okwanele phakathi kwabaqhubi
• ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwemigqa, ama-via, kanye nezimbobo ezimboziwe
• indandatho eyanele ye-annular ngemva kokubhoboza kanye nokubekezelela ukubhaliswa
• amaphethini omhlaba afaniswe nephakheji yezingxenye
• ukusebenzisana okulungile phakathi kwephedi yethusi, ungqimba lokunamathisela, kanye nokuvulwa kwemaski
• ukucindezeleka komshini ezixhumini, izingxenye ezisindayo, noma ezindaweni zokuxhumana eziphindaphindwayo
• umthwalo wamanje nowokushisa kuma-pad amakhulu
• ukuhlolwa kanye nokufinyeleleka kokuhlolwa

Ekwenzeni izinto zangempela, i-pad engcono kakhulu ayigcini nje ngokuba yi-elekthronikhi efanele. Kulula futhi ukuyakha, kulula ukuyihlanganisa, futhi izinzile ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside. Lesi yisinye sezizathu ezenza amaqembu amaningi abukeze i-geometry ye-pad njengengxenye yokuhlela okubanzi kokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuthuthela ekuhlanganisweni kwe-PCB noma ekukhiqizeni okuphindaphindiwe.

Lokho Abakhiqizi Abakuhlola Ngaphambi Kokuqala Kokukhiqiza

Ngaphambi kokuba ibhodi liqale ukukhiqizwa, umenzi onolwazi uzovame ukubukeza izingozi ezihlobene nama-pad ezifana nalezi:

• ukufaneleka kwendandatho ye-annular
• isikhala phakathi kwephedi nephedi ezindaweni eziminyene ze-SMT
• ububanzi be-sliver mask ye-solder
• ukuziphatha kokufaka ukunamathisela ezinyathelweni zezinyawo eziqondile
• izidingo zokwelapha nge-in-pad
• ukufaneleka kokuqeda ubuso kuma-contact pads
• ukufinyeleleka kwephedi ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe

Ukulungisa lezi zinkinga esigabeni sokuklama kushibhile kakhulu kunokuzithola ngemva kokwenziwa noma ukuhlanganiswa. Lokho kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngamabhodi alungiselelwa ukwakhiwa okusheshayo noma okuxubile kakhulu, lapho ikhwalithi yokukhishwa komklamo ithinta ngqo isivinini sokucaphuna, inzuzo yokwakha, kanye nokuzethemba kokulethwa.

Isiphetho

Ama-PCB pad ayizici ezincane, kodwa anethonya elikhulu kwikhwalithi yokunamathisela, ukukhiqizwa, ukusebenza kukagesi, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umklamo usebenzisa ama-SMT pad, ama-through-hole pad, ama-contact pad, ama-bond pad, ama-BGA pad, noma ama-padstack ayinkimbinkimbi, umgomo uyafana: ukudala isakhiwo sama-pad esilungile ngogesi, esinobungani ekukhiqizeni, futhi esithembekile ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.

Umklamo wephedi ye-PCB ongcono kakhulu akuyona nje indaba yokuxhuma ingxenye nethusi. Umayelana nokusiza ibhodi ukuthi lisinde ekwakhiweni, ekuhlanganisweni, ekuhlolweni, ekuhlolweni, nasekusebenzeni kwensimu ngaphandle kwamaphutha angadingekile. Emaphrojekthini amaningi, umklamo wephedi ungomunye wemininingwane ethonya kakhulu ukuthi ibhodi lakha kahle futhi lisebenza ngokwethembeka.

Uma ibhodi lakho liqukethe izindawo ezixinene ze-SMT, ama-BGA acwebezelayo, izixhumi zokuxhumana ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, noma izinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni, ukwakheka kwamaphedi kufanele kubuyekezwe kusenesikhathi kunokuba kushiywe kuzilungiselelo zomtapo wolwazi ezizenzakalelayo noma umsebenzi wokuqagela ngesandla.