I-IPC Class 2 vs Class 3 yemidwebo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB

Kalula nje, i-IPC Class 2 ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-electronics athembekile kwezentengiselwano nasezimbonini lapho ukusebenza okuthembekile kubalulekile kodwa isevisi engaphazanyiswa ingeyona into ebalulekile. I-IPC Class 3 isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu lapho ukwehluleka kungamukeleki khona futhi lapho ibhodi kufanele lisebenze ngokuqhubekayo ezimweni zokusebenza ezidinga amandla.

Sebenzisa leli khasi lapho ikilasi le-IPC lidinga ukubhalwa emidwebweni yokwenziwa, amanothi okuhlola, noma imibhalo yokuthenga. Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa okubanzi kwezindinganiso, bheka ukuqhathanisa kwe-IPC Class 2 vs Class 3 ; ukuze uthole ukulawula ukukhiqizwa, hlanganisa imfuneko nenqubo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-PCB ye-Highleap ngaphambi kokucaphuna.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza umehluko wangempela phakathi kwe-IPC Class 2 kanye ne-Class 3, ukuthi ikilasi ngalinye lithinta kanjani ukwakheka kwe-PCB, imibhalo ye-CAM, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokushisela, lapho ikilasi ngalinye linengqondo, kanye nendlela yokukhetha elifanele ngaphambi kokuthi uthumele umsebenzi we- PCB DFM kanye nokukhiqiza.

Impendulo Esheshayo ye-IPC Class 2 vs Class 3

Uma i-PCB yakho ingeyama-elekthronikhi ezentengiselwano, izilawuli ezijwayelekile zezimboni, imishini yokuxhumana, ihadiwe yekhompyutha, noma eminye imikhiqizo lapho kudingeka khona ukusebenza okuhle kanye nokuphila kwesevisi okunengqondo, i-IPC Class 2 ivame ukulingana kahle.

Uma i-PCB yakho ingeyokusebenzisa imishini yezokwelapha ebalulekile, izindiza, ezokuvikela, izinto zikagesi ezisebenza endaweni enzima, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo lapho ukwehluleka kwensimu kungamukeleki, i-IPC Class 3 ngokuvamile iyindinganiso efaneleka kakhulu.

Leyo impendulo emfushane. Impendulo engcono incike ezindabeni ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo: umphumela wokwehluleka, indawo yokusebenza, impilo yesevisi elindelekile, izidingo zamakhasimende noma zemboni, nokuthi inqubo yokuklama nokukhiqiza ingasekela ngempela yini ikilasi elikhethiwe.

Lokho Okushiwo Yikilasi 2 Le-IPC Ngempela Kuphrojekthi Yokukhiqiza

Isigaba sesi-2 se-IPC sisebenza emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi ezinikele. Lawa mabhodi kusadingeka asebenze ngokwethembeka futhi alondoloze impilo yesevisi efanelekile, kodwa ngokuvamile akulindelekile ukuthi asekele ukusebenza okubalulekile empilweni, okubalulekile emsebenzini, noma okungokwemvelo ngokweqile.

Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile yeSigaba sesi-2 ifaka:

• i-elekthronikhi yabathengi
• imishini yokuxhumana kwezentengiselwano
• ihadiwe yekhompyutha evamile
• izinto zikagesi zezimboni ezingabalulekile
• amabhodi okulawula ajwayelekile
• izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezibiza kakhulu

Kula maphrojekthi, umgomo useseyikhwalithi yokukhiqiza enhle. Umehluko ukuthi iwindi lenqubo lithethelela kakhulu kuneSigaba 3. Ukwehluka okuncane komsebenzi kungase kwamukeleke uma nje umsebenzi, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kwesevisi okuhlosiwe kungathinteki kakhulu.

Yingakho iKlasi 2 livame kakhulu kumaphrojekthi adinga ibhalansi esebenzayo phakathi kwekhwalithi, ukukhuliswa, kanye nezindleko eziphelele ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB.

Lokho Okushiwo Yikilasi 3 Le-IPC Ngempela Kuphrojekthi Yokukhiqiza

I-IPC Class 3 yenzelwe imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esebenza kahle kakhulu edinga izinga eliphezulu lokuthembeka futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga kakhulu. Lawa mabhodi akhiwe ngezindinganiso zokwamukelwa eziqinile kanye nokubekezelela okuphansi kokwenziwa okuncane ngoba izindleko zokwehluleka ziphezulu kakhulu.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zeSigaba sesi-3 zifaka:

• izinto zobuchwepheshe zezokwelapha ezibalulekile
• izinhlelo zezindiza kanye nezindiza
• i-electronics yezempi nezokuvikela
• izinhlelo zokulawula zezimboni ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu
• izinto zikagesi ezivezwe ezindaweni ezinzima
• izinhlelo ezihlala isikhathi eside lapho ukuphazamiseka kwenkonzo kubiza kakhulu noma kuyingozi

Kulezi zimo, ibhodi alilindelekile nje kuphela ukuthi lisebenze ekuthunyelweni. Kulindeleke ukuthi liqhubeke nokusebenza ngokungabekezeleli ubuthakathaka obucashile, ukushiswa okungekuhle, ikhwalithi yemigodi eseceleni, noma ukulawulwa kwenqubo okungaphelele.

Amaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB yezokwelapha , i-PCB yezindiza , kanye ne -PCB yezempi avame ukuqala ngalezi zingxoxo zokuthembeka kusenesikhathi ngoba ukucabanga okujwayelekile kwezentengiselwano akwanele.

Umehluko Wangempela Phakathi Kwekilasi 2 le-IPC kanye nekilasi 3

Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu akulona ilebula. Yizinga lengozi elivumelekile.

Ukulindela ukuthembeka: Isigaba sesi-2 senzelwe imikhiqizo okufanele isebenze ngokwethembeka ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile. Isigaba sesi-3 senzelwe imikhiqizo lapho ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa noma okuthembekile kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi lapho ubuthakathaka bomsebenzi obufihliwe bungamukeleki khona.

Izindlela zokwamukelwa: Isigaba sesi-3 sidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile komsebenzi kanye nokubekezelela okuncane kwezimo ezingaphansi. Lokho kuthinta ikhwalithi yeplati, ubuqotho bomqhubi, amajoyinti e-solder, isimo sendandatho ye-annular, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nokuvumelana okuphelele.

Isiyalo senqubo： Isigaba sesi-3 sivame ukudinga ukulawulwa okunesiyalo okwengeziwe ekubuyekezweni kobunjiniyela, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CAM, ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina. Imibhalo ebuthaka noma izinqumo zokuklama ezilinganiselwe cishe zingabangela izinkinga uma umgomo kuyiSigaba sesi-3.

Umthelela Webhizinisi: Isigaba 3 senezela izindleko kanye nomzamo wenqubo, kodwa ukulawula okwengeziwe kungase kuvunyelwe ngokuphelele uma ingozi yasensimini iphezulu. Ngomkhiqizo ongabalulekile, leyo ndleko eyengeziwe efanayo ingase ingadali inani elanele lokuthethelela indinganiso yokwakha eqinile.

Indlela Isinqumo Sekilasi Le-IPC Esithinta Ngayo Umklamo We-PCB

Lesi ngesinye sezigebe ezinkulu ezihlokweni eziningi ngale ndaba. Ikilasi le-IPC alibalulekile kuphela efektri. Liphinde lithinte izinqumo zokuklama ngaphambi kokuba amafayela e-Gerber akhishwe.

Uma inhloso kuyi-Class 3, ithimba labaklami livame ukunaka kakhulu:

• imingcele yendandatho ehlanganisiwe
• ukubekezelela ikhwalithi yembobo
• isikhala phakathi kwephedi nethusi
• ngokuthembeka kwesakhiwo
• umkhawulo wokubhaliswa kwesendlalelo
• ukuqina kweplating
• izinketho zesakhiwo ezithinta ukuhlanzeka
• ukuthembeka komshini nokushisa

Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB okwamukelekayo kuphrojekthi ye-Class 2 kungase kube yingozi uma ikhasimende kamuva licela i-Class 3. Yingakho ikilasi kufanele lixoxwe ngesikhathi sokuklama i-PCB , hhayi ngemva kokuba ukucaphuna sekucishe kuqedwe.

Uma isidingo sekilasi sengezwe sekwephuzile kakhulu, iphrojekthi ingadinga ukubuyekezwa kwedatha, ukucaciswa kwe-CAM, noma kwezinye izimo izinguquko zangempela zomklamo ngaphambi kokuba kube lula ukuyikhiqiza.

Indlela Isinqumo Sekilasi Le-IPC Esithinta Ngayo Ukubuyekezwa Kobunjiniyela Be-CAM

Ubunjiniyela be-CAM yilapho izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene neklasi zibonakala khona. Kulesi sigaba, ifektri ihlola ukuthi iphakheji yedatha ekhishwe iyalisekela ngempela yini izinga leklasi eliceliwe. Umklamo ungase ubonakale ulungile ku-CAD, kodwa ukubuyekezwa kwe-CAM kuvame ukuveza ukuthi imingcele yanele yini ekukhiqizweni kwangempela.

Ukuze bathole ulwazi olusezingeni eliphezulu, onjiniyela be-CAM bazonaka kakhulu izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• ukufaneleka kwendandatho ye-annular ngemva kokubekezelelana kokubhoboza kanye nokushintsha kokubhalisa
• isikhala phakathi kwembobo nethusi
• ububanzi be-sliver mask ye-solder
• ubuqotho bephedi obuzungeze izici ezixinene
• isikhala somqhubi ngaphansi kokubekezelelana kwenqubo
• ukuhambisana kwedatha phakathi kwamanothi okukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo we-Gerber
• ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwe-stackup kanye nokuqagelwa kwenqubo kufanelana yini nezinga lokuthembeka elidingekayo

Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza isinqumo sekilasi singakwazi ukubhekwa njengebhokisi lokuhlola elilula lesilinganiso. Sithinta ngqo ukuthi iphakheji ye-CAM kulula ukuyivuma noma ukuthi idala imibuzo yobunjiniyela, ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi sokuhola, noma ukuphinda usebenze ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale.

Indlela Isinqumo Sekilasi Le-IPC Esithinta Ngayo Ukushiswa Nokuhlanganiswa

Elinye iphuzu elibuthakathaka ezihlokweni eziningi zeBanga lesi-2 vs iBanga lesi-3 ukuthi zikhuluma kakhulu ngokwenziwa futhi cishe azinaki ukushintshwa kwe-solder. Eqinisweni, ukuhlanganiswa nakho kuzwa umphumela wenhloso yekilasi.

Okulindelwe yiSigaba sesi-3 kuvame ukusho ukubekezelela okuphansi kwezimo zomsebenzi ezingase zenze buthaka ukuthembeka kwejoyinti le-solder ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho kuthinta indlela umenzi asondela ngayo:

• ukubukeka nokwamukelwa kwejoyinti le-solder
• ukuzinza kwenqubo ku Umhlangano we-PCB
• ukubekezelelana kabusha
• ukulawula ukuhlanzeka ngemva kokuhlanganiswa
• ukujula kokuhlolwa kanye nokuvumelana
• ukuqinisekiswa kwamalunga abalulekile noma ukuxhumana okufihliwe

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukukhethwa kwekilasi akufanele kunqunywe yithimba lebhodi elingenalutho kuphela. Kufanele kuhambisane nokulindelwe kokwenziwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​​​ikakhulukazi lapho iphrojekthi ingena ekwakheni okulawulwayo noma ekuhlolweni kokwamukelwa kwamakhasimende.

Indlela Ibanga 2 vs Ibanga 3 Elishintsha Ngayo Izindleko Nesikhathi Sokuhola

Abasebenzisi abaningi basesha lesi sihloko ngoba bafuna ukwazi ukuthi iKlasi 3 lizoyikhuphula yini intengo ngokubonakalayo. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi angempela, impendulo inguyebo, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yento eyodwa yezindleko.

Ukwenyuka kwezindleko kuvame ukuvela ekuhlanganisweni kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile
• isibuyekezo sobunjiniyela esinemininingwane eminingi
• izidingo zokuhlola eziqinile
• ukubekezelelana okuphansi kokukhipha okusemaphethelweni
• imibhalo ecophelelayo kanye nokulandeleka okwengeziwe
• ukuzwela okungenzeka kwesivuno ekwakhiweni okunzima kakhulu

Lokho kusho ukuthi iKlasi 3 lingathinta kokubili izindleko zebhodi kanye nesigqi sokukhiqiza. Kungase kweneze inani uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga ngempela lokho kuncishiswa kwengozi. Kodwa uma umkhiqizo wokugcina ungakuvumeli, kungamane kwandise umthwalo wokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwenzuzo yebhizinisi enenjongo.

Isigaba 3 Asisho Ngokuzenzakalelayo Ibanga Lezempi noma Lezindiza

Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezingaqondani kahle kakhulu emakethe. I-IPC Class 3 iyiklasi elinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kodwa akusho ukuthi iphrojekthi ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zempi, zezindiza, noma zokuzivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Amanye amaphrojekthi adlula i-Class 3 ejwayelekile futhi adinga imibhalo ethile yamakhasimende, ukulandelelwa, ukubuyekezwa kwesihloko sokuqala, izilawuli zokuhlola ezengeziwe, noma izinhlelo zekhwalithi eziqondene nomkhakha. Ngakho umbuzo wangempela awugcini nje ngokuthi “Ungakha i-Class 3?” kodwa futhi uthi “Ingabe le phrojekthi idinga noma yini engaphezu kwe-Class 3 ejwayelekile?”

Uma lokho kungacaciswanga kusenesikhathi, umhlinzeki angase acaphune into eyodwa kuyilapho ikhasimende lilindele okuthile okuqinile, okungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zokulungisa kamuva.

Indlela Yokukhetha Ikilasi Elifanele Lephrojekthi Yakho Ye-PCB

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha phakathi kweBanga lesi-2 neBanga lesi-3 ukuphendula imibuzo embalwa ewusizo.

Kwenzekani uma ibhodi lihluleka: Uma ukwehluleka kusho ukuphazamiseka, ukulungiswa, noma ukushintshwa okuvamile, iKlasi 2 linganele. Uma ukwehluleka kusho ukuchayeka ngokuphepha, ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi, ukuvalwa kwesistimu, noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwebhizinisi, iKlasi 3 liba nengqondo kakhulu.

Umkhiqizo uzobhekana nesimo esinjani: Amabhodi asebenza ezindaweni zezentengiselwano ezilawulwayo ngokuvamile awadingi umkhawulo wokuthembeka ofanayo namabhodi achayeke ekudlidlizeni, ekuswakeni, ekujikelezeni kokushisa, noma kwezinye izimo ezinzima.

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuzinza kwesevisi yesikhathi eside: Uma umkhiqizo kufanele uhlale uthembekile ekusetshenzisweni isikhathi eside noma ngaphansi kokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kokulungiswa, izilawuli ezengeziwe zeSigaba 3 zingase zifaneleke.

Ingabe imakethe noma ikhasimende selivele lichaza imfuneko: Kweminye imikhakha, isinqumo siqhutshwa ukulindela kwamakhasimende noma imboni, hhayi ukukhetha kwangaphakathi kuphela.

Ingabe umklamo kanye nokugeleza kokukhiqiza kungasekela ikilasi ngokoqobo: Akwanele ukucela ikilasi eliphakeme. Umklamo we-PCB, ukulungiswa kwe-CAM, izilawuli zokukhiqiza, kanye nenqubo yokunamathisela konke kudingeka kusekele.

Amaphutha Avamile Lapho Kuqhathaniswa Ibanga 2 kanye neBanga 3

• ukucabanga ukuthi iKlasi 3 liyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngokuzenzakalelayo
• uma sicabanga ukuthi iKlasi 2 lihlala lanele imikhiqizo yezimboni
• ukunquma ikilasi ngemuva kokuthi ukwakheka sekuqediwe kakade
• ukunganaki umphumela ekubuyekezweni kobunjiniyela be-CAM
• ukunganaki umphumela ekufakweni kwe-soldering kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokuhlanganiswa
• ukuphatha i-Class 3 ejwayelekile njengokufana nazo zonke izidingo zempi noma zezindiza
• ukugxila kuphela entengo ebhodini esikhundleni sezindleko zokwehluleka

Ikilasi elifanele yilelo elifanelana nesidingo sangempela sokuthembeka ngaphandle kokudala umthwalo wenqubo ongadingekile.

Okufanele Uqinisekise Nomhlinzeki Wakho we-PCB Ngaphambi Koku-oda

Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-oda, onjiniyela nabathengi kufanele baqinisekise:

• ukuthi isilinganiso sisekelwe kuliphi ikilasi le-IPC
• ukuthi umklamo we-PCB wamanje uyawusekela yini lowo mgomo wekilasi
• yiziphi izingozi zokubuyekezwa kwe-CAM ezingaba khona kakhulu kulo mklamo
• indlela ukwenziwa kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlanganiswa okushintsha ngayo phakathi kweKilasi 2 kanye neKilasi 3
• ingabe kudingeka imibhalo eyengeziwe ngale kwezidingo zekilasi ezijwayelekile
• ukuthi ikilasi lizothinta kanjani izindleko nesikhathi sokuhola

Le mibuzo iguqula isinqumo sekilasi sibe uhlelo lokukhiqiza lwangempela esikhundleni sengxoxo nje yezindinganiso.

Isiphetho

I-IPC Class 2 kanye ne-Class 3 akuzona nje amalebula ekhotheshini. Zithinta indlela i-PCB eklanywe ngayo, indlela onjiniyela be-CAM ababuyekeza ngayo idatha, indlela ukwenziwa okulawulwa ngayo ngokuqinile, indlela ukushiswa kwensimbi okwahlulelwa ngayo, kanye nokuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ungabekezelela ingozi engakanani ensimini.

Isigaba sesi-2 ngokuvamile siyisinqumo esifanele sama-electronics ezentengiselwano nezezimboni athembekile lapho izindleko nokuthembeka kudingeka kuhlale kulinganisela. Isigaba sesi-3 silungele kangcono imikhiqizo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu lapho ukwehluleka kungamukeleki khona futhi lapho ukuklama okuqinile, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlanganiswa kufaneleka khona.

Isinqumo esingcono kakhulu asikwenziwa ngokukhetha isigaba esiphezulu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Senziwa ngokufanisa isigaba nomsebenzi womkhiqizo, indawo yokusebenza, okulindelwe yisevisi, kanye nomphumela wangempela wokwehluleka.

Uma leso sinqumo senziwa kusenesikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-PCB, ukulungiselela i-CAM, ukuxhumana nabaphakeli, kanye nokuhlela ukukhiqiza konke kuba lula kakhulu.