Umhlangano we-PCB Wokuqhutshwa Kwe-Pilot Wokuqinisekiswa Kokukhiqiza

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB okuqhutshwa yi-pilot kuyithuba lokugcina lokuveza ingozi yokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-oda levolumu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-prototype kufakazela ukuthi umqondo wokuklama ungasebenza kanye. Umshayeli ufakazela ukuthi ibhodi elifanayo lingakhiqizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngesivinini esingokoqobo, kusetshenziswa izinto zokwakha, amathuluzi, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ezenzelwe ivolumu. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa indlela i-Highleap Electronics esondela ngayo ekwakheni i-pilot: lokho umshayeli okumele akuqinisekise ngempela, ukuthi inani linqunywa kanjani, ukuthi ubufakazi kumele bukhiqizwe, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuphuma okufanele zisayinwe ngaphambi kokuba ibhodi ikhishwe ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.

1. Lokho Okufanele Kuqinisekiswe Yi-PCB Assembly Pilot Run

Inhloso yomshayeli wendiza akukhona ukukhombisa ukuthi ibhodi lingahlanganiswa — lokho okwase kuphendulwe kakade nge-prototyping. Umshayeli wendiza kufanele aqinisekise izigaba ezine ezihlukene zezingozi, futhi isigaba ngasinye sidinga ubufakazi baso.

Ingozi yokwakheka komkhiqizo. Umshayeli wokuhlola uqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo okhishwe usebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokuhlanganisa, hhayi kumasampula akhiwe ngesandla. Izinyathelo ezisebenza ngama-tweezers zingase zehluleke ngaphansi kokubekwa komshini. Ukuziphatha kokushisa okubukeke kahle kusampula yebhentshi kungashintsha lapho ibhodi lakhiwe ngesisindo sethusi esifanele kanye ne-stackup.

Ingozi yokwenziwa kwe-PCB. Amabhodi angenalutho asetshenziswa ku-pilot kufanele avele kumkhiqizi ofanayo, i-stackup, kanye nencazelo yezinto ezihleliwe zomthamo. Uma amabhodi e-prototype akhiwe ngokushesha ku-FR-4 ejwayelekile futhi uhlelo lomthamo ludinga i-impedance elawulwayo ku-laminate ethile, leyo yimikhiqizo emibili ehlukene ngokombono wokukhiqiza.

Ingozi yenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Umklamo we-stencil, ukunamathisela, iphrofayili yokugeleza kabusha, uhlelo lokubeka, ukulandelana kwe-THT, kanye nemithetho yokusebenza kabusha konke kudingeka kusetshenziswe kuvolumu yokuhlolwa. Amaphutha avela kanye kumabhodi amathathu e-prototype angase avele izikhathi eziyishumi kumabhodi angu-30 e-prototype - izinga elingabonakali kunani le-prototype kodwa elingafaneleki kuvolumu.

Ingozi yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa nokukhiqiza. Imingcele ye-AOI, ukumbozwa kwe-X-ray, izikripthi ze-ICT noma ze-flying probe , imikhawulo yokuhlola esebenzayo, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlela kufanele konke kusebenze ngokumelene namabhodi okuhlola ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lokuhlola olubamba zonke iziphambeko kumabhodi ayi-5 akhethwe ngesandla lungadala izingcingo ezingamanga eziningi noma luphuthelwe iziphambeko zangempela ngesivinini sevolumu.

Ukuhlolwa okukhiqiza amayunithi okusebenza kuphela, ngaphandle kokuveza ubufakazi balezi zigaba ezine, akwenziwanga umsebenzi wawo.

2. Zingaki Amayunithi Okufanele Akhiwe Ku-Pilot Run?

Akukho sibalo esisodwa sokuhlola esisebenza kuyo yonke iphrojekthi. Noma ubani ocaphuna esisodwa ucaphuna iphakheji yesevisi, hhayi uhlelo lokuqinisekisa. Inani lokuhlola elifanele litholakala kuphrojekthi uqobo.

Inani lomshayeli kufanele futhi libhekele izinsalela ezilindelekile. Uma ibhodi linengozi yokwenziwa noma yokuhlanganiswa eyaziwayo esigabeni somshayeli, inhloso yesampula yokusebenza kufanele ihlangatshezwe ngemuva kokulahlekelwa okwamukelekayo. Amanani aboniswe lapha aqondiswe ngqo futhi akuwona ubuncane be-Highleap obuphoqelekile; inani lokugcina liqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokuhlela umshayeli ngokumelene nobubanzi bokuhlola kanye nezidingo zesampula ebhubhisayo.

3. Izilawuli zezinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo sokuhlola

I-pilot imelela ivolumu kuphela uma izinto eziku-pilot zimele ivolumu. Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi i-pilot "ephumelelayo" ilandelwe ukuqaliswa kokukhiqiza okungazinzile.

• Izinto ze-PCB bese ziqedwa ziqandisiwe. Amabhodi angenalutho kufanele asebenzise i-stackup yokukhiqiza ehlosiwe, izinga le-laminate, isisindo sethusi, kanye nokuphela kwendawo. Ukufaka i-HASL esikhundleni se-ENIG “nje ngomqali wendiza” kwenza ubufakazi obuningi bokuhlanganiswa bungasebenzi.
• Imithombo yezingxenye evunyelwe kuphela. Yonke into yomugqa kufanele ivele ku-AVL ezosetshenziselwa ivolumu. Ukushintshana okungeke kwamukeleke ekwakhiweni kokukhiqiza nakho akwamukeleki ekwakhiweni kokuhlola okufanele kuqinisekise ukukhiqizwa.
• Ukushintshana kwesikhashana kuphawuliwe futhi kwalinganiswa. Uma ingxenye ebalulekile isesikhathini eside sokuhola futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe enye esikhundleni sayo ukugcina umshayeli esesikhathini, leyo nguqulo ibhaliwe futhi ingozi yayo iyamenyezelwa — lesi akusona isinqumo esithathwa umhlanganisi buthule.
• Izingxenye ezimfushane nezinde ezitholakala ngaphambili. Noma iyiphi ingxenye enesikhathi sokuhola esisondela noma esidlula ifasitela lokuhlola i-oda kusengaphambili noma iqashelwe njengengozi yeshejuli ngaphambi kokuba umshayeli aqale, ngokwezinga elijwayelekile. ukuthola ingxenye isibuyekezo.
• I-MSL kanye nesimo sokupakisha silawulwa. Amadivayisi azwela umswakama ayabhakwa, afakwe emasakeni, futhi agcinwe ngendlela efanayo nokukhiqizwa komthamo. Izakhiwo ze-pilot ezisingatha i-MSL zingadala amaphutha e-popcorn angabonakalanga njengomthamo.
• Kuphawulwe ukuchayeka ezindaweni eziningi. Uma izingxenye zokuhlola zifika kumakhodi amaningi noma amadethi, lokhu kufanele kuqoshwe, ngoba ukukhiqizwa komthamo kungabona ingxube encane noma ebanzi yezindawo futhi ukuziphatha kungahluka.

Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukuthi i-pilot eyakhiwe ngezinto ezisezingeni le-prototype iyi-prototype enamayunithi amaningi - hhayi ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphambi kokukhiqizwa.

4. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwenqubo Yokuhlanganisa Ngesikhathi Sokugijima Kwe-Pilot

Ukuhlola yilapho umzila wokuhlanganisa ohlosiwe usetshenziswa khona kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, futhi lapho isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo sikhiqiza ubufakazi obuzovumela ukushintshela kuvolumu. Isethi yerekhodi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• Umklamo kanye nokunamathisela kwe-stencil: isu lokuvuleka kwama-thermal pad e-QFN, ama-IC acwebezelayo, kanye nama-passive amancane; i-paste alloy, isitoreji, kanye namapharamitha ephrinta
• Ukubekwa: imephu yokuphakelayo, ukukhethwa kwe-nozzle, ukufundisa umbono, kanye nanoma yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga ukuguqulwa kombono womshini
• Geza kabusha iphrofayela: kulinganiswe kusampula esetshenziswe kumathuluzi, hhayi nje kusethwe kumkhiqizi we-paste ozenzakalelayo — ukucwilisa, ukuphakamisa, kanye nesikhathi esingaphezu koketshezi okuqoshiwe
• Ukuziphatha kokugeleza kabusha okunezinhlangothi ezimbili: uma kusebenza, ubufakazi bokuthi ukudlula kwesibili akuphazamisi amalunga okudlula kokuqala
• Ukuhlanganisa ngembobo: amapharamitha okukhetha okusoda noma amagagasi, imiyalelo yomsebenzi wokusoda ngesandla, kanye nokulandelana okuhlobene ne-SMT
• Ukukhetha kanye nokunamathisela ngesandla: kwezixhumi nezingxenye ezizwela ukushisa ezingahambisani nokugeleza kabusha, kanye nezinkomba ze-fixture
• Ukuhlanza: uma i-flux residue ingahambisani nezidingo zokusebenza noma zokuthembeka, hlanza amapharamitha bese ugeza ikhwalithi yamanzi
• Ukugqoka noma ukubhaka okuhlanganisiwe: izimo zokufihla, ukujiya, kanye nokwelapha lapho umkhiqizo udinga khona
• Ukulebula kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-serialization: ifomethi yelebula, indawo yokubeka, ukufundwa kwebhakhodi, kanye nokufakwa kwedathabheyisi yokulandelela
• Okufakiwe: Izithwali ezihambisana ne-ESD, ukuvikelwa komswakama lapho kudingeka khona, kanye nokuqondiswa okuphephile kokuthunyelwa

Zonke lezi zinto kufanele zibe nomyalelo womsebenzi, irekhodi elilinganisiwe, noma isithombe esinamathiselwe kufayela lokwakha i-pilot. Leyo sethi yerekhodi yiyo evumela inqubo efanayo ukuthi iphindwe ngevolumu ngaphandle kokuncika kubaqhubi ngabanye abasebenzise i-pilot.

5. Ukuhlolwa, Ukuhlela kanye Nokuhlolwa Kokusebenza

I-pilot yindawo lapho ukuhlolwa kanye nendlela yokuhlola kulinganiswa khona — hhayi nje kuphela ngalokho ekubambayo emabhodini, kodwa nangendlela ukumbozwa kwayo okusebenza kahle ngayo.

I-AOI kufanele isebenze ngokumelene nayo yonke ibhodi yomshayeli, uhlelo luhlelwe ngesikhathi somshayeli kunokuba lushiywe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izinga lokubiza okungamanga liyalandelwa ukuze umugqa wevolumu ungami ekubuyekezweni komqhubi. Ukumbozwa kwe -X-ray kuchazwa ngohlobo lwengxenye - yonke i-BGA, i-QFN, kanye ne-LGA ejoyintini lomshayeli kufanele kuhlolwe ukuze ukuziphatha kokuvala nokuvala kwaziwe ngaphambi kwevolumu. Ukuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala ekuqaleni komshayeli kusebenza njengendawo yokubhekisela kuyo yonke ibhodi yakamuva kuqhathaniswa. Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo kuqinisekiswa ngesithombe esithile, izinketho zedivayisi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-post-flash okuzosebenza ngevolumu. I-ICT noma i-flying probe inqunywa ngokusekelwe kubuningi kanye nokutholakala kwemishini; i-flying probe ijwayelekile ngesikhathi somshayeli lapho i-ICT fixture isakhiwa. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kusebenzisa icala lokusetshenziswa kwangempela komkhiqizo ngokumelene nemikhawulo yokudlula elinganisekayo kanye nokwehluleka - bheka indlela yokuhlola yokusebenza . Ukulingana kwemishini ngokumelene nendawo ebiyelwe ehlosiwe kuhlolwa okungenani kusethi yamayunithi omshayeli. Lapho ikhasimende liqhuba ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kokwamukelwa, lokho kuhlolwa kuhlelwe ngaphakathi kwefasitela lomshayeli, hhayi ngemuva kokuzibophezela kwevolumu.

Umehluko emithathu kufanele ucace ekupheleni kokuhlolwa:

• Yiziphi izivivinyo ezikhona zokubamba amaphutha okukhiqiza (i-AOI, i-X-ray, i-ICT) — lezi zithwala ivolumu
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa umsebenzi womkhiqizo (i-FCT, ukuqinisekiswa kohlelo) — lokhu nakho kuyahambisana nevolumu
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe umshayeli (ukuhlaziywa okubhubhisayo, amasampula okuthembeka, ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana) — lokhu akudingeki kuphindwe kuwo wonke amayunithi evolumu kodwa kumele kuvalwe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwevolumu

6. Izindlela Zokuphuma Ngaphambi Kokukhiqiza Okukhulu

Imibandela yokuphuma yimibandela okumele ibe yiqiniso ngaphambi kokuba umshayeli wendiza avale futhi kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwevolumu. Kufanele kuvunyelwane ngayo ngaphambi kokuba umshayeli wendiza aqale, hhayi ngemva kwalokho kuxoxiswane ngamandla alokho okutholiwe.

Izindlela zokuphuma ezichazwa kuphela ngemva kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa yaziwe zibangela ukungavumelani mayelana nobubanzi. Ukuziqandisa kusengaphambili kuguqula umkhiqizo wokuhlolwa ube yisinqumo esicacile sokuhamba/sokungahambi.

7. Thumela iphakheji yoMhlangano we-PCB we-Pilot Run

I-Highleap Electronics isebenzisa izakhiwo zokuhlola ngaphakathi komzila ofanayo wokukhiqiza ozosetshenziselwa ivolumu: umugqa ofanayo we-SMT , isiteshi esifanayo sokuthenga, iseli elifanayo lokuhlola. Lokho kuqhubeka yikho okwenza ubufakazi bokuhlola bube wusizo - akuyona into yokwakha elebhu okumele ifaneleke kabusha efektri yangempela. Izinguquko zenguqulo, impendulo yobunjiniyela, kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubo kuphathwa ngerekhodi lokushintsha elijwayelekile ngakho akukho lutho olushintsha buthule phakathi kokuhlola nokuhlola.

Ukuze uvule isibuyekezo sokuhlola, nikeza:

• Inani lokuhlola eliqondiwe kanye nokucabanga (amasampula okuqinisekisa, ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo, ukuhlolwa kwemakethe)
• Isibikezelo somthamo wonyaka esilindelekile
• Ukubuyekezwa kwamanje kwe-PCB kanye ne-BOM
• I-Gerber, i-drill, kanye ne-stackup — noma okulinganayo iphakheji yefayela lomhlangano
• I-BOM enama-MPN, ezinye izindlela ezivunyiwe, kanye nokumaka i-DNP
• Umdwebo wokuhlanganisa nanoma yimaphi amanothi enqubo ekhethekile
• Uhlelo lokuhlola oluhlanganisa i-ICT/flying probe, i-FCT, kanye nobubanzi bokuhlela
• Izinkinga ezivulekile ezaziwayo ezithathwe ku-prototype
• Usuku lokuqeda uvivinyo oluqondiwe kanye nosuku lokuqala kwevolumu okuhleliwe
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuthengwa kwezingxenye kuyi-turnkey, kuthunyelwe, noma kuyi-hybrid