I-Printed Wiring Board vs PCB: Ukuqhathanisa Okujulile Kwawo Womabili Amabhodi

Ibhodi lesifunda elinezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe

Ibhodi Yocingo Oluphrintiwe (i-PWB) kanye neBhodi Yomjikelezo Ophrintiwe (i-PCB) zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa amagama angasho amazinga ahlukene obunzima besekethe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye, kanye nemibhalo yokukhiqiza kuye ngomthengi, imboni, kanye nendinganiso elandelwayo. I-Highleap Electronics iphatha leli gama njengenkinga yesidingo sokukhiqiza: iphakheji yesilinganiso kufanele isho ngokucacile ukuthi isicelo singesokwenziwa kwebhodi elingenalutho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB okuhlanganisiwe, noma ukubuyekezwa kwefayela, ngezinkomba ezisekelayo ezifana nezisekelo ze-PCB namafayela e-PCB.

Ukuqhathanisa okungezansi kuchaza indlela amagama e-PWB kanye ne-PCB asetshenziswa ngayo ezingxoxweni zokukhiqiza, lapho amagama ehlangana khona, nokuthi yimiphi imininingwane abathengi okufanele bayiqinisekise ngaphambi kokukhipha amafayela okwenziwa noma ukuhlanganiswa.

Isingeniso ku-PWB ne-PCB

Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo

I-PWB ne-PCB imelela i-Printed Wiring Board kanye ne-Printed Circuit Board, ngokulandelana. Lawa magama asho amabhodi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuxhunywa kukagesi ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi. Nakuba zombili zivamile ezintweni zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, zinokuhluka okuhlukile. Ake sihlukanise izindawo ezithile ezibalulekile ukuze siqhubeke sibambe lokhu kugqagqana nokwehluka.

Umongo Wezomlando

Umehluko phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB ungalandelelwa emuva ekuthuthukisweni komlando kwalobu buchwepheshe. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-elekthronikhi, ama-PWB ayeyizindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhuma izingxenye, futhi igama elithi "ibhodi lezintambo eziphrintiwe" lichaza ngokunembile umsebenzi wabo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kanye nemishini ye-elekthronikhi iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isidingo sokuxhumanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-PCB, ahlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zokulandela umkhondo kanye nezingxenye ezishumekiwe.

I-PWB vs. PCB Technology

Ubuchwepheshe be-PWB

I-PWB ibhekisela ebhodini elingenawo ama-circuitry kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, elisebenzisa i-epoxy glass substrate engenazo izingxenye eziphrintiwe. Ubuchwephesha bangaphambili, lapho ukuze kuhlinzekwe izindawo ezivikela i-conduction-insulating phakathi kokulandela okuvumela ukuqhutshwa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziqoshwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kudalwe ukuxhumana. Kubandakanya ukudweba ngesandla nokunamathisela amasekethe ebhodini kanye nokunamathisela izingxenye ukusuka ephuzwini kuya kwelinye, ngokuhambisana nomklamo othile, okuholela kusekethe kagesi engasetshenziswa ukudala izinto zikagesi.

Ubuchwepheshe be-PCB

Ubuchwepheshe be-PCB buthuthuke kakhulu futhi bubandakanya ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukuklama nokudala amasekhethi ebhodini. Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kuvame ukusebenzisa ibhodi le-insulating elinezintambo ezixhumene. Ama-elementi abe esephrintwa ngomklamo ochazwe ngaphambilini ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu kuye kwelinye ku-substrate ye-dielectric. Ubukhulu nezikhala zamakhondaktha zithinta kakhulu indlela isekethe esebenza ngayo ngaphezu kokuxhuma nje kwephoyinti nephuzu.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: Ama-PCB angaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi agcwele kakhulu izingxenye kunokuhlanganiswa kwe-PWB. Akhiwe ngezinto ezixhunywe ngamathrekhi okuhambisa, ama-pad, nezinye izici eziqoshwe ngamashidi ethusi abekwe phezu kwe-substrate engahambisani nokuhambisa.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-PWB nama-PCB

Izendlalelo Zokuqhuba

I-Copper, isiliva, negolide yizinto ezidumile ze-PCB zokuhlinzeka ngesiteshi sokudlulisa isignali sengqimba ye-conductive. Nakuba igolide line-conductivity engcono kakhulu enokumelana okuncane, izindleko zalo ezikhuphukile zikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwalo. I-Copper ivuna izinhlelo eziningi ze-PWB ne-PCB njengoba iyonga kakhulu ngokuqhutshwa okuqinile, phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo. Amathrekhi ethusi angasetshenziswa ngqo ebhodini ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi 'etching', noma amapheshana e-copper enziwe ngaphambilini anganamathiselwa ebhodini.

Izendlalelo Ezingaqhubeki

Into ekhipha ugesi kancane yakha ungqimba olungenawo ugesi. Lolu ngqimba luvame ukusebenzisa i-FR-4, into ehlanganisiwe ye-epoxy, kanye ne-ceramic. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa i-FR-4 ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kwe-dielectric. Ama-substrate okuklama i-ceramic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, afanele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ngenxa yesilinganiso sawo sokushisa esikhulayo.

Prepreg Substance

I-prepreg substance ingenye impahla ejwayelekile kuma-PWB nama-PCB. I-prepreg igcina izendlalelo ndawonye, ​​njengengqikithi yebhodi. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-fiberglass ene-resin-impregnated, lapho lapho ishiswa, ithambe futhi ibophe endaweni engaphezulu kwesendlalelo ngaphambi kokuqina nokuqinisa isibopho lapho selehlile, esiza futhi ekwehliseni ukudlidliza nokulimala kokushaqeka.

I-Solder ne-Coating

Abakhiqizi baphinde basebenzise izinto ezifana ne-solder kulawa mabhodi wesekethe. I-Solder iyisithako esakhiwe ngethayela nomthofu, abakhiqizi abavame ukusisebenzisa ekunamathisele ingxenye ukuze basize ukulondoloza ithusi ku-oxidation. Imikhondo ye-conductive ingase iboshwe ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana negolide, i-nickel, isiliva, ne-tin, inikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe othulini nasemanzini.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Kunezinto eziningi ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa abakhiqizi ekwakhiweni kwama-PWB nama-PCB, ezinikeza amazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa kanye nokushisa. Izinto ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-fiberglass noma ipulasitiki, imigqa yethusi yezindlela zikagesi, inhlaka yokubamba izingxenye ndawonye, ​​kanye nesembozo esivikelayo sokumelana nothuli nomswakama. Ukukhetha izinto kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kwebhodi kanye nezidingo zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezizosekela.

Isicelo nokuthi Kungakuthinta Kanjani Ukukhetha kwakho phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB

Izicelo ze-PWB

I-PWB isebenza njengesisekelo kanye nohlaka lwezingxenye ezixhunywe ndawonye ngesandla noma ngezintambo. Kungabandakanya i-soldering, i-crimping, i-splicing, noma ezinye izindlela zokufaka izintambo. Njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi uhambise futhi uhambise kabusha izintambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kulula ukwenza izinguquko kumklamo ngaphandle kokufaka ibhodi lonke. Ngakho-ke, ama-PWB ayathandeka kumaphrojekthi lapho ukuguquguquka kuyisici esibalulekile.

Izicelo ze-PCB

Ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB kusebenzisa izinqubo ezenzakalelayo njengokugqwala nokufaka izintambo. Izingxenye zifakwa ngqo ebhodini esikhundleni sokufakwa izintambo ngokwehlukana, okuvumela ukuthi kuxhunywe izingxenye eziningi kakhulu endaweni encane kakhulu kunalokho obekungenzeka nge-PWB. Lokhu kuzenza zithembeke kakhulu ngoba asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuxhumeka okuxegayo ngenxa yokuguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwe -PCB kudinga ukushintshwa ngokuphelele kwebhodi ngoba zonke izingxenye zifakwe kulo unomphela. Ama-PCB afanele amaphrojekthi adinga ukunemba okuphezulu nokuphindaphindwa, kanye nokulungiswa okuncane okudingekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-PCB enobuchwepheshe bokucwiliswa kwendawo yegolide

I-PWB, PCB, kanye Neminye Imibandela Ehlobene

Amagama kanye nokusetshenziswa

Ngokuvamile, i-PCB ihlanganisa wonke amasekhethi ebhodini, kuyilapho i-PWB ibhekisela ebhodini ngokwalo. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ucashile, kangangokuthi awekho amagama asemthethweni “alungile”. IJografi nayo idlala indima ekusetshenzisweni kwethemu. Emkhakheni wezogesi wase-US, amagama athi PCB kanye ne-PWB avame ukushintshwa. I-PWB iyitemu yangaphambilini yamabhodi ezinsukwini zokuqala zomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe. Ekugcineni, leli gama laqala ukuchaza imisebenzi yezakhiwo zesifunda. Ngenkathi igama elithi PCB livamile emkhakheni wezogesi wase-US okhona, i-Japan yesimanje isebenzisa igama elithi PWB. I-PCB yayidlange kakhulu lapho umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe uqala ukuvela e-Japan. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-PCB iphinde imele “i-polychlorinated biphenyls,” noma ushevu, igama elithi PWB selithandeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, womabili la magama avela njalo kumadokhumenti nama-athikili avela ezikhathini nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Amagama Ahlobene

Ngaphandle kwe-PCB ne-PWB, ungase futhi ufune ukujwayelana ne-PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly), CCA (Crcuit Card Assembly), PCA (Printed Circuit Assembly), kanye ne-PWA (Printed Wire Assembly). Lawa magama asetshenziswa futhi maqondana namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe.

• PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly): Uma i-PCB ihlanganiswa, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-PCBA noma i-PCB assembly.
• PWA (Printed Wire Assembly): Itemu elidala lokuhlangana kwe-PCB, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-PCBA.
• I-CCA (Ukuhlanganisa Ikhadi Lesifunda): Ngobuchwepheshe kuyafana ne-PCBA; Nokho, i-CCA yigama elingavamile.
• PCA (Printed Circuit Assembly): Okufanayo ne-PCBA, nakuba kungavamile ukuhlangana nayo namuhla.

Ukuqhathanisa ama-PWB nama-PCB

Ukudizayina Okuyinkimbinkimbi

Ama-PWB ngokuvamile anohlangothi olulodwa futhi afanele imiklamo elula enengxenye ephansi. Ngokuphambene, ama-PCB angaba nohlangothi olulodwa, anezinhlangothi ezimbili, noma izendlalelo eziningi, anikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo kanye nokuminyana kwengxenye ephezulu.

Amasu Wokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PWB kuhilela izinqubo ezilula ezifana ne-photolithography noma ukuphrinta kwesikrini ukuze kukhiqizwe amaphethini kanye nokuqoshwa kwamakhemikhali ukuze kwakhiwe umkhondo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kudinga amasu athuthukile kakhulu njenge- laser direct imaging (LDI) noma ukuphrinta kwe-inkjet kanye ne-multilayer lamination, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nobunzima bokuklama kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwamadivayisi esimanje kagesi.

Ukusebenza kanye Nokwethenjelwa

Ama-PCB ngokuvamile anikeza ubuqotho besignali engcono, ukuphathwa okushisayo, nokwethembeka uma kuqhathaniswa nama-PWB. Lokhu kuzenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo, noma ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima.

Ukukhetha Izinto

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba kungathinta ukusebenza, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ama-PWB ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezishibhile njengephepha le-phenolic noma ingilazi ye-epoxy, okungase kwanele ukusetshenziswa okulula. Ama-PCB avame ukusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-FR-4, i-polyimide, noma imindeni ekhethekile ye-laminate ephansi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile kanye nokuthembeka.

Izindleko Nesabelomali

Izindleko eziphelele zama-PWB nama-PCB zingathonywa izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, nobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo. Ama-PWB ngokuvamile ahilela izindleko eziphansi ngenxa yezinto ezilula nezindlela zokukhiqiza, okuwenza abe inketho ekhangayo yokukhiqiza ivolumu ephansi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemikhawulo eqinile yesabelomali. Ama-PCB, ngamakhono awo okuklama athuthukile nezinzuzo zokusebenza, angathethelela izindleko eziphakeme zezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ivolumu ephezulu.

16 ungqimba PCB for electronics eziphambili

Ukukhetha Phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB

Izinto Okudingeka Uzicabangele

Lapho ukhetha phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB yephrojekthi ethile noma uhlelo lokusebenza, izici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe:

• Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo: Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi komklamo wesifunda kuyisici esibalulekile. Ama-PWB afaneleka kahle imiklamo elula enengxenye encane, kuyilapho ama-PCB enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwedizayini futhi angamukela amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi anokuminyana okuphezulu kwengxenye.
• Izidingo zokusebenza: Izidingo zokusebenza zedivayisi kagesi noma isistimu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-PCB ngokuvamile anikeza ubuqotho besignali engcono, ukuphathwa okushisayo, nokwethembeka uma kuqhathaniswa nama-PWB, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo, noma ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
• Izithibelo Zokukhiqiza: Ukukhiqiza kwe-PWB kuvame ukubandakanya izinqubo ezilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi, okuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo yokukhiqiza ivolumu ephansi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemikhawulo eqinile yesabelomali. Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kudinga amasu nemishini ethuthuke kakhulu, okungaholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kanye nezikhathi zokuhola ezinde.
• Ukukhetha Okubalulekile: Ukukhethwa kwe-substrate material kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ama-PWB ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu, kuyilapho ama-PCB evamise ukusebenzisa izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
• Amazinga Okulawula Nemboni: Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingadinga ukubambelela kumazinga athile, zibe nomthelela ekukhetheni phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB.

Izindleko Nesabelomali

• Izindleko Zento: Ama-PWB ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezishibhile, okuholela ekwehleni kwezindleko zizonke. Ama-PCB asebenzisa izinto ezisebenza kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu.
• Izindleko Zokukhiqiza: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PWB kuhilela izinqubo ezilula nezingabizi kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kudinga amasu athuthukile, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme.
• Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo: Ama-PWB afanele imiklamo elula, engabizi kakhulu. Ama-PCB angakwazi ukwamukela imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, ebiza kakhulu.
• Ivolumu Yokukhiqiza: Ama-PWB ayabiza kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ivolumu ephansi. Ama-PCB ahlomula emnothweni wesilinganiso ekukhiqizeni kwevolumu ephezulu.

Ukusebenza kanye Nokwethenjelwa

• Ubuqotho Besiginali: Ama-PCB ahlinzeka ngobuqotho besignali obungcono bokudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, okubalulekile kumishini kagesi ethuthukisiwe.
• Ukuphatha Okushisayo: Ama-PCB ahlinzeka ngokuphatha okushisayo okuphakeme, okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu.
• Ukuzinza Komshini: Ama-PCB ahlinzeka ngokuzinza okungcono kwemishini kanye nokumelana nemvelo, okuwenza afanelekele izimo ezinzima.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela lezi zici, ochwepheshe bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB kumaphrojekthi abo okuklama nokukhiqiza nge-elekthronikhi.

Isiphetho

Emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi yabathengi, amagama athi PWB kanye ne-PCB ngezinye izikhathi ayashintshana. Amabhodi ezintambo aphrintiwe (ama-PWB) kanye namabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) womabili ayizinhlobo zesekethe ze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela nokuxhuma izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi ; noma kunjalo, zifeza izinjongo ezahlukene uma kukhulunywa ngokuqedela isekethe.

Kafushane, ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama kuyehluka kakhulu isifunda ngasinye, kodwa umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamagama ungaphakathi kwesekhethi. Ama-PCB aqukethe amasekhethi abhalwe ngaphambilini, awavumela ukuthi akhiqizwe ngobuningi ngokushesha nangempumelelo; ngokuphambene, ama-PWB awanawo. Ngokuvamile, ibhodi lezintambo eliphrintiwe liyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-PCB. Amabhodi esekethe ayinkimbinkimbi esiwaziyo namuhla ekuqaleni ayengama-PWB; kuphela manje aseguqukile kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho igama elithi PCB selidingeka khona. Lokhu kuphumelela kwaletha izinzuzo eziningana zokwenziwa kwe-PCB kwezobuchwepheshe nokucwaninga; Nokho, ayizange ilisule ngempumelelo igama elithi PWB, yingakho womabili la magama esasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Iphuzu elibalulekile: Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-PWB nama-PCB kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi ekuklanyweni nasekukhiqizweni kwe-elekthronikhi. Ama-PWB afaneleka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezilula nezingabizi kakhulu, kuyilapho ama-PCB enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo nokusebenza kwamadivayisi athuthukile. Ngokucabanga ngezinto ezifana nobunzima bomklamo, izidingo zokusebenza, imikhawulo yokukhiqiza, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kanye nezindleko, ochwepheshe bangakhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele izidingo zabo ezithile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-PWB ne-PCB?

Umehluko omkhulu usenkingeni yabo yokuklama kanye namasu okukhiqiza. Ama-PWB angamabhodi alula, anohlangothi olulodwa, kuyilapho ama-PCB angaba nohlangothi olulodwa, anezinhlangothi ezimbili, noma ama-multilayer, asekela amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi.

Ingabe i-PWB ne-PCB zingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana?

Nakuba amagama evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, abhekisela ezinhlotsheni zebhodi ezihlukene ezinamazinga ahlukene obunzima bomklamo nokusebenza. Ukucacisa kubalulekile lapho kuxoxwa ngamabhodi athile.

Kufanele ngikhethe nini i-PWB kune-PCB?

Ama-PWB afanele ukusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi okuyisisekelo, ukuminyana kwengxenye ephansi, kanye nemiklamo elula. Abiza izindleko zokukhiqiza umthamo ophansi.

Kufanele ngiyikhethe nini i-PCB kune-PWB?

Ama-PCB afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuminyana okuphezulu kwengxenye, amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi, nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe. Zilungele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu kanye namadivayisi athuthukile.

Zihluke kanjani izinqubo zokukhiqiza zama-PWB nama-PCB?

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PWB kuhilela izinqubo ezilula, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kudinga amasu athuthukile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nobunzima bomklamo obukhulayo kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.