Ukwenziwa kwe-PCB ye-AD300

I- Rogers AD300 PCB iyibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe elakhiwe phezu kwe-laminate ye-AD300 yochungechunge lwe-Rogers Corporation — i-substrate esekwe ku-PTFE egcwele i-ceramic, eqiniswe ngengilazi eyenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-antenna lapho ukusebenza kwe-passive intermodulation (PIM) kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufakwa kuyizidingo zokuklama ezibusayo. Uhlobo lwamanje lokukhiqiza yi-AD300D, oluthathe indawo enkulu ye-AD300C yangaphambilini ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-antenna zezentengiselwano.

Lokhu okubalulekile kungaphakathi kweRogers' AD Series — umndeni wama-laminate ebanga le-antenna ahlanganisa amanani e-Dk kusukela ku-2.50 (AD250C) kuya ku-3.50 (AD350A), okuvumela onjiniyela be-antenna ukuthi bakhethe i-Dk ye-substrate ethuthukisa isikhala sezinto, ubukhulu benethiwekhi yokuphakelayo, kanye nobubanzi be-beamwidth ngenxa yemvamisa yokusebenza kanye ne-form factor.

1) Kuyini Izinto ze-Rogers AD300 PCB

I-Rogers AD300 iyi-laminate esekelwe ku-PTFE esebenzisa i-ceramic filler yokulawula okuqhubekayo kwe-dielectric kanye nokuqinisa ingilazi elukiwe ukuze kube nokuqina okulinganayo. Ngokungafani nama-laminate e-hydrocarbon-ceramic (njengochungechunge lwe-RO4000), i-AD300 isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-resin lwe-fluoropolymer, oluyinika izici zokucubungula ezihlukile - ezidinga i-plasma desmear noma i-sodium etch ukuze isetshenziswe nge-metalization kune-alkaline desmear ejwayelekile.

Izinto zokwakha zakhiwe ngezinto ezintathu ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni: i-Dk elawulwayo yobukhulu be-antenna obubikezelwayo, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna ephezulu, kanye nokucindezela i-intermodulation engashukumi yengqalasizinda yezinkampani eziningi. Imininingwane yokugcina yezinto kufanele ifakwe kumhlinzeki we-AD300 kanye nokuhlolwa kwesilinganiso ukuze ukutholakala kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi koku-oda.

Kwabonjiniyela abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwe -PCB okuvame kakhulu , i-AD300 inendawo ethile: akuyona into kaRoger elahlekelwa kakhulu etholakalayo, kodwa inikeza inhlanganisela yokucindezelwa kwe-PIM, ukuzinza kobukhulu, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-PTFE okudingwa yizinhlelo zokusebenza zengqalasizinda ye-antenna.

2) Uchungechunge lwe-AD300: Kuchazwa i-AD300C, i-AD300D, kanye ne-AD300A

Ukuqokwa komkhiqizo we-AD300 kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene:

I-AD300C kwakuyinguqulo yokuqala yokukhiqiza. Yasungula umgomo wochungechunge lwe-Dk eduze kuka-3.00 kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-PTFE/ceramic/glass okuchaza umndeni we-AD300.

I-AD300D iyindinganiso yokukhiqiza yamanje kanye nohlobo oluchazwe kumiklamo eminingi emisha. Ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko nge-AD300C kufaka phakathi ukubekezelelana okuqhubekayo kwe-dielectric okucwengekile kanye nempendulo ye-PIM ethuthukisiwe. Lapho onjiniyela nabakhiqizi bebhekisela ku-“Rogers AD300 PCB” ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, cishe basho i-AD300D kuyo yonke indawo.

I-AD300A iwukuguqulwa kwesizukulwane sesibili okuhlukile ku-AD300C ku-dissipation factor (Df), i-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), kanye ne-temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (TCDk). I-AD300A yethule ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo okunciphisa ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza.

Kunoma yimuphi umklamo omusha, chaza i-AD300D. Kuzinhlelo zakudala ku-AD300C noma ku-AD300A, qinisekisa nomenzi wakho ukuthi ngabe izinhlobo ziyashintshana yini ngezinhloso zakho ze-impedance ngaphambi kokufaka esikhundleni sazo.

3) Izakhiwo Ezibalulekile Zikagesi Nezemishini

Zonke izindinganiso ezingezansi ze-AD300D, uhlobo lwamanje lokukhiqiza, olulinganiswa ngezindlela ze-IPC-TM-650 ku-10 GHz kanye no-23°C ngaphandle kokuthi kuphawulwe.

Izakhiwo ezintathu zichaza isikhundla se-AD300D phakathi kwezinto ezisebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu . URogers ubika ukwakheka okuvamile kwe-Dk okungu-2.94 kanye nenqubo ejwayelekile ye-Dk engu-2.97 ku-10 GHz; sebenzisa ibanga elicacisiwe, ukujiya kanye nokubekezelelana okusebenzayo lapho uklama futhi uqinisekisa i-impedance. I-Df engu-0.0021 iphansi ngokwanele kwimiklamo ye-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa ayinamandla njengezinto ezifana ne-RT/duroid 5880 (Df 0.0009). I-Z-axis CTE engu-98 ppm/°C iyisici sezinto ezisekelwe ku-PTFE futhi kumele ibalwe ngokusebenzisa izibalo zokuthembeka kumiklamo yezendlalelo eziningi.

4) Ukusebenza kwe-PIM: Kungani Kuchaza Izinhlelo Zokusebenza ze-AD300

I-Passive intermodulation (PIM) iyinto ephazamisayo engeyona i-linear ezingxenyeni ezingasebenzi ekhiqiza amasignali okuphazamiseka kuma-intermodulation frequency. Kuma-antenna esiteshi se-multi-carrier base aphethe ama-transmit carrier amabili noma ngaphezulu, imikhiqizo ye-PIM ingawela ngqo kuma-receive frequency, ukwehlisa ukuzwela kwesistimu kanye nezilinganiso zokuphazamiseka komthwali.

I-Rogers AD300D ifinyelela amazinga e-PIM aphansi njengo--165 dBc uma ihlolwa kusetshenziswa indlela yangaphakathi kaRogers kuma-substrate obukhulu obungu-0.030″ nge-S1 reverse-treated copper foil. Lesi sibalo asiyona incazelo eqinisekisiwe — ukusebenza kwe-PIM kuthonywa kakhulu uhlobo lwe-copper foil, ukwelashwa kwendawo, kanye ne-circuit geometry — kodwa isungula isigaba samandla ezinto zokwakha ukwakheka kwe-antenna yesiteshi sesisekelo.

Ukukhethwa kwe-foil yethusi kuyi-variable ye-PIM ebaluleke kakhulu. I-AD300D iyatholakala ngezinketho ezintathu ze-foil:

• Ithusi elijwayelekile le-ED (elifakwe ngogesi): Inhloso evamile; yanele izidingo ze-PIM eziphakathi nendawo
• Ithusi le-ED eliphathwe ngendlela ephambene (i-S1 foil): Kunconyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-antenna lapho i-PIM iyincazelo yokusebenza; inikeza amanani okubhekisela angu--165 dBc
• I-foil yethusi yochungechunge lwe-IM: Inketho enamandla okuxebuka aphezulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo ezidinga amandla omshini

Kunoma yimuphi umklamo we-antenna onencazelo ye-PIM eshicilelwe, chaza ngokucacile i-foil yethusi ephathwe ngendlela ephambene (S1). Ukushintsha i-copper ejwayelekile ye-ED ngaphandle kokuqonda umthelela we-PIM kuyiphutha elivamile elithinta ukusebenza kwesistimu okulinganisiwe.

5) Lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-Rogers AD300 PCB

I-AD300D ifanelekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-antenna kulo lonke uhla lwemvamisa engenantambo yeselula neyezentengiselwano. Amacala okusetshenziswa abhalwe phansi afaka:

• Amanethiwekhi okuphakelayo e-antenna esiteshini sesisekelo: Inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo isabalalisa amandla avela ku-transceiver kuya ezintweni ze-antenna. Ukusebenza kwe-PIM kunethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kuthinta ngqo phansi kokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yonke ye-antenna.
• Izinhlelo ze-antenna ezisatshalaliswayo (i-DAS): Izinhlelo zokumboza zangaphakathi lapho ama-antenna amaningi abelana khona ngesignali evela emthonjeni ofanayo. Ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufakwa kanye nokuqina kwe-PIM kubalulekile kwisabelomali sesixhumanisi sesistimu.
• Ama-antenna eselula ebhizinisi: Ama-antenna omkhakha wengqalasizinda ye-4G LTE kanye ne-5G sub-6 GHz lapho kusebenza khona imikhawulo ye-PIM yokulawula.
• Ama-antenna e-patch e-GNSS, i-GPS, kanye ne-SDAR: Ukubeka kahle kanye nomsakazo wesathelayithi kuthola ama-antenna lapho ukuqina kwe-substrate Dk kunquma ukuzinza kwesikhungo sesigaba.
• Ama-antenna okusakaza umsindo wedijithali (i-DAB): Ukusakaza kwebhendi ye-VHF/UHF kuthola ama-antenna.

I-AD300D ayivamile ukucaciswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamagagasi e-millimeter ezingaphezu kwe-40 GHz, lapho izinto ezifana ne-RT/duroid 5880 ene-Df ephansi zinikeza imingcele yokulahlekelwa yokufaka edingekayo. Ayifaneleki futhi kumiklamo yamandla aphezulu lapho ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kuyindaba eyinhloko - leso sicelo simbozwe izinketho ze-laminate ze-Dk eziphezulu ku-AD Series, ikakhulukazi i-AD350A.

6) Indlela i-AD300 eqhathaniswa ngayo nezinye izinto ze-Rogers AD Series

I-AD300D kanye ne-RO3035 zingamalungu emindeni ehlukene ye-Rogers laminate futhi zinezingqimba ezihlukile ze-dielectric. I-Rogers ibala umklamo ojwayelekile we-Dk ongu-2.94 we-AD300D kanye no-3.50 we-RO3035 ku-10 GHz. Ukushintsha phakathi kwazo kuthinta i-geometry yomugqa wokudlulisela kanye ne-impedance; qhathanisa amashidi edatha afanele bese uqinisekisa i-stackup ephelele ngaphambi kokushintsha. I-AD300D ihloselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-antenna lapho i-PIM ibalulekile, kuyilapho i-RO3035 iyinto yochungechunge lwe-RO3000. Bheka ishidi ledatha le-Rogers AD Series kanye nolwazi lwezinto ze-RO3035.

I-Isola I-Tera MT40 iyindlela ehlukile engeyona eye-PTFE yabaklami abadinga ukusebenza okuphansi kokulahlekelwa kodwa abafuna ukucutshungulwa okuhambisana ne-FR4. Ayinikezi izici ze-PIM ze-AD300D kodwa iqeda izidingo zokwenziwa kwe-PTFE ezithile.

7) Amandla e-Highleap's Rogers AD300 PCB

I-Highleap Electronics yakha ama-PCB e-Rogers AD300 ngezilawuli zenqubo ezithile ze-PTFE: i-plasma desmear ngokusebenzisa i-metalization, i-etching elawulwa yi-impedance eqinisekiswe yisilinganiso sekhuphoni se-TDR, kanye nokukhethwa kwe-copper foil okuhambisana nezidingo ze-PIM zomklamo.

• Izinto ezigciniwe: I-AD300D ene-ED ejwayelekile, ehlungiwe emuva (S1), kanye ne-IM Series copper foil
• Ukulawulwa kwe-impedance: I-±5% yokuvimbela okulawulwayo ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-TDR kuwo wonke amaphaneli okukhiqiza
• Ububanzi bezendlalelo: I-hybrid enezingqimba ezimbili ngokusebenzisa izingqimba eziningi (izingqimba zangaphandle ze-AD300D ezinezinto zangaphakathi ezihambisanayo)
• Umhlangano: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SMT okuhlanganisiwe okunamaphrofayili okuphinda ageleze e-RF kanye nokuxhuma

Kumaphrojekthi okwenziwa kwe-PCB ku-AD300D, thumela amafayela e-Gerber, imininingwane ye-stackup, imigomo ye-impedance, kanye nezidingo ze-copper foil. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela linikeza isibuyekezo se-DFM ngaphambi kokukhishwa komkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-trace geometry, ngesakhiwo, kanye nemininingwane yethusi kuyahambisana ne-PIM ehlosiwe kanye nokusebenza kukagesi.

Ukuze uthole umongo mayelana nobubanzi bezinto ze -RF kanye ne-microwave PCB kanye nokucutshungulwa, bheka umthombo wethu ozinikele ekukhetheni izinto ze-PCB laminate . Ikhasi lethu lezinsizakalo zokwenziwa kwe-PCB ezivame kakhulu lihlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwezinto kanye namakhono okucubungula.

Cela isilinganiso se-Rogers AD300 PCB

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweRogers AD300C ne-AD300D?

I-AD300C kanye ne-AD300D ziyahlukahluka ngenani elingaguquki le-dielectric kanye nobukhulu obutholakalayo. I-AD300D iyindinganiso yokukhiqiza yamanje ene-Dk engu-2.94 (i-Dk yomklamo ojwayelekile) ku-10 GHz. I-AD300A iyifomula yesizukulwane sesibili ehlukile ku-AD300C ngamanani e-Df, CTE, kanye ne-TCDk. Kumadizayini amasha, chaza i-AD300D. I-AD300C iyindala futhi kufanele icaciswe kuphela uma kugcinwa ukuhambisana okungemuva nomklamo okhona ofanelekile.

Yiliphi inani le-Dk okufanele ngilisebenzise ekubalweni kwe-impedance ku-Rogers AD300D?

Sebenzisa i-Dk yomklamo engu-2.94 ku-10 GHz ukuze ulingise i-impedance. Qaphela ukuthi i-Dk ayishintshi — ishintsha kancane ngemvamisa kanye nokushisa. URogers uncoma ukuqinisekisa i-impedance kumabhodi e-prototype ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekukhiqizeni. Kumiklamo ye-microstrip, i-Dk esebenzayo izoba ngaphansi kune-Dk yezinto eziningi ngenxa yesifunda somoya esingaphezu komkhondo; sebenzisa imodeli yezinto ze-EM simulator yakho kunokuthi usebenzise i-Dk enkulu ngqo.

Ukukhetha i-copper foil kukuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwe-PIM ku-Rogers AD300 PCB?

Ukukhethwa kwefoyile yethusi kuyinguquko evelele ekusebenzeni kwe-PIM. I-copper ye-ED ephathwe emuva (i-S1 foil) iyindinganiso yokubhekisela yezibalo ze-PIM ezishicilelwe nguRogers ezingu--165 dBc. I-copper ejwayelekile ye-ED ivame ukukhiqiza i-PIM ephezulu ngokulinganisa. I-foyile ye-IM Series inikeza amandla aphezulu okuxebuka kodwa ukusebenza kwe-PIM okufanayo ne-S1. Uma umklamo wakho unencazelo ye-PIM, hlala ucacisa ifoyile ye-S1 (ephathwe emuva) ngokucacile kumanothi akho okukhiqiza.

Ingabe iRogers AD300D ingasetshenziswa kuma-stackup amaningi?

Yebo. I-AD300D ingasetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezendlalelo eziningi, ngokuvamile njengezingqimba zangaphandle kuma-stackups e-hybrid. Ngenxa yokuthi iyinto esuselwe ku-PTFE, ukubopha phakathi kwe-AD300D namanye ama-laminate kudinga izinto zokubopha ezihambisanayo eziqinisekisiwe zokunamathela kwe-PTFE kuya ku-substrate. I-Z-axis CTE engu-98 ppm/°C kumele ibalwe ekubalweni kokuthembeka kwembobo efakwe i-plated lapho i-AD300D isetshenziswa ezakhiweni zezendlalelo eziningi ezijiyile ezinesisindo sethusi esikhulu.

Ingabe iRogers AD300D iyahambisana nokuhlanganiswa okungenalo i-lead?

I-AD300D ingacatshangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okungenalo i-lead, kodwa izinga lokushisa layo lokubola kanye nesilinganiso sokusha kuphela akusunguli iphrofayili efanele yokugeleza kabusha. Qinisekisa iphrofayili yokushisa efanelekile kanye nenani lemijikelezo yokushisa yokwakhiwa kwebhodi eliphelele, ukuqeda ubuso kanye nezingxenye ngomshini wokwakha kanye nomshini wokuhlanganisa. Landela isiqondiso sokuphatha se-PTFE somhlinzeki we-laminate futhi uqinisekise izakhiwo ezimele lapho isicelo sidinga lokho.