Umkhiqizi we-PCB yekhibhodi ye-USB-C | I-ESD kanye nokuvikelwa kwamandla

Umkhiqizi we-PCB yekhibhodi ye-USB-C kumele alawule isixhumi njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi, indawo yokungena ye-ESD kanye nengxenye ecindezelwe ngomshini. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-USB-C kudinga okungaphezu kokushintsha indawo ye-Micro-USB: ukucushwa kwe-CC, ukumepha kwedatha ye-USB 2.0 eguquguqukayo, ukuvikelwa kwe-VBUS, isu lesivikelo, iphethini yomhlaba wesixhumi kanye nokusekelwa kwe-enclosure konke kuthinta ukuthembeka kwensimu.

I-Highleap Electronics ikhiqiza futhi ihlanganisa ama-PCBA ekhibhodi ye-USB-C ngama-MCU, amadivayisi e-ESD, ama-fuse noma ama-current limiters, i-RGB ngayinye ye-key, amasokhethi e-hot-swap kanye nama-charging noma ama-wireless circuits angakhethwa. Ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kungahlanganisa ukuqondiswa kwekhebula, ukubalwa, ukufinyelela kwe-bootloader yesilawuli , ukufaka ukhiye, ukudonsa kwamanje kanye nokuzinza kwesixhumi.

Imikhiqizo eminingi yekhibhodi ejwayelekile ingasetshenziswa ku-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili, yize imiklamo ye-RGB exinene, engenantambo noma yebhodi lendodakazi ingasebenzisa izingqimba eziningi. Izingxenye zingahlanganiswa nhlangothi zombili kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingakanani izingqimba zethusi. I-Highleap ingaqala ukucaphuna kokuqala kusukela kufomethi yekhibhodi, isikhundla sesixhumi kanye nobuningi; akukho schematic ye-PCB edingekayo.

Izidingo ze-USB-C Interface kanye nokufakwa kwephrojekthi

Ikhibhodi ejwayelekile ye-USB 2.0 iyidivayisi noma isinki ye-USB. I-CC1 ne-CC2 zidinga ukucushwa okufanele kwedivayisi, ngokuvamile ama-resistors okudonsa phansi uma engafakwanga kwenye indawo kumklamo ovunyiwe. I-D+ ne-D− kusuka kokubili ukuqondiswa kwesixhumi kumele kuxhunywe ngokuya nge-pinout yesixhumi futhi kuqondiswe njengepheya elilawulwayo elinama-stubs amancane. Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kufanele kulandele ukwakheka kwesixhumi esikhethiwe, i-MCU noma i-USB interface reference design.

Imininingwane Yokuthenga Ikhibhodi ye-USB-C PCB

Ikhotheshini kufanele ihlukanise idivayisi elula yekhibhodi ye-USB 2.0 nemikhiqizo ephinde ishaje ibhethri, isebenze ngaphandle kwentambo, ishayela umthwalo omkhulu we-RGB ngekhi noma isebenzisa ibhodi le-USB elihlukile. Lezi zinhlobo zingase zibukeke zifana nesixhumi kodwa zidinga izindlela zamandla ezahlukene, izingxenye zokuvikela kanye nokuhlolwa.

Ukwakheka, i-ESD, Ukusekela phansi kanye nokuvikelwa kwamandla

I-CC1 ne-CC2 kumele zibonise indima yedivayisi

Ikhibhodi ngokuvamile iyidivayisi/isinki ye-USB. Umklamo ovunyiwe kumele uveze ukuziphatha kwe-CC okulungile kwedivayisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-resistor adonsela phansi noma ama-circuitry ahlanganisiwe. Izingxenye ze-CC ezingekho noma ezingalungile zingavimbela ukulethwa kwamandla noma zibangele ukusebenza okuncike ekuqondisweni.

Ukumapha kwedatha okubuyela emuva kudinga kokubili ukuqondiswa kwe-plug

Ku-USB 2.0, amaphini e-D+ kanye ne-D− aphindwe kabili esitsheni kumele axhunywe ngokuya ngeshidi ledatha lesixhumi. Ama-stubs kufanele ancishiswe, ama-pair kufanele ahlale ehlangene futhi idivayisi ye-ESD kufanele ibekwe eduze kwesixhumi. Ibhodi elibala ngendlela eyodwa yekhebula lisengahlanganiswa ngendlela engafanele.

I-ESD yamanje idinga indlela yokubuyisela ngamabomu

Ukufaka i-TVS array akwanele uma indlela yokukhipha idlula emhlabathini onengqondo obucayi noma isebenzisa ama-via amade kanye nezimpawu. Ukuxhumeka kwesivikelo, ubudlelwano be-chassis, ukuthunga komhlaba kanye nezinto ezivalekile kufanele kubuyekezwe njengohlelo olulodwa. I-Highleap ihlanganisa inethiwekhi yokuvikela evunyiwe futhi ingenza ukuqinisekiswa kokuvikelwa kwe-ESD okuchazwe ngamakhasimende ezingeni lomkhiqizo uma kufakiwe kuphrojekthi.

Ama-suppressor e-ESD kufanele abekwe eduze kwesixhumi esinendlela emfushane yokubuya. Ukufakwa kwamandla kungasebenzisa futhi i-fuse noma i-current limiter, i-transient substitute, i-reverse-current blocking kanye ne-regulated rails kuye ngesakhiwo. "Ukuvikelwa kwe-reverse plug" kwe-USB-C kufezwa kakhulu ngesixhumi esilinganayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwephini efanele; akufanele kudidaniswe nokuvikelwa kwe-reverse-polarity kokufakwayo kwe-DC eluhlaza.

• Khetha ukuvikelwa kwe-ESD okunamandla aphansi okufanelekela imigqa yedatha ye-USB 2.0.
• Gcina indlela evikelwe imfushane futhi ugweme ukudlulisa umgwaqo odlulayo emhlabathini we-MCU obucayi.
• Chaza imikhawulo yamanje ye-VBUS kanye nokukhanya kwemikhiqizo esindayo ye-RGB.
• Vimbela amabhethri angaphandle noma ezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswanga ekufakeni imbobo ye-USB.

Ama-Connector Mechanics, ama-Daughterboards kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Enclosure

Izixhumi ze-USB-C ziyahlukahluka ngamathebhu egobolondo, ama-peg, i-overhang kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-hybrid SMT/PTH. Indawo engasetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ingasebenzisa indawo ehlukile noma i-enclosure datum. Umdwebo oqondile womhlinzeki, ubudlelwano bebhodi-edge, ukufinyelela kwe-solder kanye nokusekelwa kwemishini kufanele kuvunyelwe ndawonye.

• Sebenzisa izigxobo zegobolondo noma amathebhu angena emigodini lapho isixhumi esikhethiwe kanye nomsebenzi kudinga khona.
• Gwema i-enclosure geometry efaka ipulaki eceleni.
• Hlola irediyasi yokugoba kwekhebula lebhodi lendodakazi kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka.
• Qinisekisa ukuphakama kwesixhumi kanye nokulenga ngemva kokunamathisela nge-solder.
• Sebenzisa i-golden enclosure noma i-mechanical gauge ukuze ulingane ne-first article.

Emikhiqizweni esetshenziswa kakhulu, i-pilot ingafaka imijikelezo yokufaka echazwe ngamakhasimende, ukunyakaza kwekhebula okulawulwayo noma ukuhlolwa kokulingana kwezinga lokuvala. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuncike kusixhumi esikhethiwe kanye nomsebenzi womkhiqizo; akuqinisekisiwe yisibongo somndeni wesixhumi kuphela.

Amabhodi e-USB-C Daughterboards kanye nokulawulwa kwekhebula langaphakathi

Ibhodi le-USB-C elihlukile lingahlukanisa isixhumi kusuka ku-PCB yekhibhodi eyinhloko futhi lenze kube lula ukushintshashintsha kwe-enclosure. Liphinde lethule ikhebula langaphakathi, izixhumi ezimbili kanye nelinye ithuba lephutha le-pinout noma i-orientation. Isixhumanisi singase sibe ne-USB D+/D−, i-VBUS bese siyigaya, noma sisebenzise i-interface yebhodi-kuya-ebhodini echazwe yikhasimende.

• Faka i-connector ye-daughterboard kanye ne-cable pinout efrijini.
• Vimbela ukuhlangana okubuyiselwe emuva ngokufaka ukhiye noma ukulawula ukuhlanganiswa okucacile.
• Gcina ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ye-USB kanye nokuqhubeka kokubuya kuwo womabili amabhodi.
• Nikeza impumuzo ekucindezelweni ukuze amandla ekhebula langaphandle angadonsi isixhumi sangaphakathi.
• Hlola ipheya eliphelele lebhodi eliyinhloko/lebhodi lendodakazi, hhayi ibhodi ngalinye kuphela elilodwa.

Ukushaja, Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhiqiza

Uma imbobo ye-USB-C ishaja nebhethri, ikhibhodi idinga ishaja echaziwe, ukuvikelwa kwebhethri kanye nokuziphatha kwendlela yamandla. Umklamo kufanele ucacise ukuthi ikhibhodi ingasebenza yini ngenkathi ishaja, ukuthi amandla abiwa kanjani phakathi kwesistimu nebhethri, kwenzekani ngeseli elikhishwe ngokujulile kanye nendlela i-host evikelwe ngayo ekuphekeni kwangemuva.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kungafaka phakathi inkomba yesimo sokushaja, ugesi ezimweni zebhethri ezikhethiwe, ukuguquka kwentambo/okungenantambo kanye nogesi wokulala. Ukulethwa Kwamandla e-USB akudingeki ngokuzenzakalelayo kwikhibhodi evamile enamandla aphansi; ukwengeza isekethe ye-PD ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla sangempela kwandisa ubunzima be-BOM kanye ne-firmware.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nokuhlolwa kwe-PCB ye-USB-C

Ukuhlanganiswa kungahlanganisa ama-signal pad e-SMT acwebezelayo nama-shell tab amakhulu noma ama-through-hole anchors. Ibhalansi yokunamathisela kanye nephrofayili yokugeleza kabusha kumele kukhiqize ama-signal joints athembekile ngaphandle kokuntanta isixhumi. I-AOI ingaqinisekisa ukuhambisana nama-pad abonakalayo; ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okugxile noma i-X-ray kungangezwa lapho ama-joints abalulekile efihliwe futhi ingozi ikwenza kufaneleke. Ukuphathwa kwesixhumi kanye ne-MCU kufanele futhi kulandele izilawuli ze-ESD ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-SMT.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla, Ukubalwa kanye Nokuqondiswa Kwekhebula

Ukuhlolwa kokukhiqizwa kwekhibhodi ye-PCBA kufanele kusebenze futhi kubalwe nge-firmware ekhishwe. Ukuhlola kokubili ukuqondiswa kwepulagi kubalulekile ngoba uxhumano lwe-CC olungekho, iphutha le-data-pin eliphindwe kabili noma iphutha le-solder kungashiya ukuqondiswa okukodwa kungasebenzi.

1. Kala okokufaka kwe-VBUS kanye nemizila elawulwayo.
2. Xhuma ikhebula kuzo zombili izindlela zokuxhumanisa ipulaki.
3. Qinisekisa ukubalwa, izincazelo kanye nokufakwa kokhiye.
4. Sebenzisa i-RGB ephezulu evunyelwe noma umthwalo ongaphandle ngaphandle kokusetha kabusha.
5. Hlola i-bootloader noma ukufinyelela kokutakula ngembobo efanayo.
6. Hlola ukunyakaza kwesixhumi, amalunga e-solder kanye nokulingana kwe-enclosure ngemva kokuphathwa.

Lapho kufakwe khona ukushaja, engeza inkomba yesimo sokushaja, amandla ebhethri, ukuguquka kwendlela yamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphakelayo emuva ngaphansi kwezimo zebhethri ezichaziwe.

Ukuxilongwa Kokwehluleka, Ukuvuselelwa, Amarekhodi Ezindleko Nokukhiqiza

Izindlela Zokulungisa Nokulungisa Isixhumi

Ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-USB-C kudinga ukushisa kwangaphambili okulawulwayo, ukususwa kwe-solder kanye nokuphakamisa isixhumi ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwephedi. Ngemva kokushintsha, kokubili ukuma, ukuqina kwegobolondo kanye nokusebenza kwedatha kufanele kuhlolwe kabusha. Amabhodi anamaphedi esignali adabukile noma ama-anchor abuthakathaka adinga isinqumo sokulungisa esibhalwe phansi kunokulungiswa kobuhle.

Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso, Izindleko Nokuhlela Ukunikezwa

Izindleko zithonywa ukwakhiwa kwesixhumi, inethiwekhi yokuvikela, inani lezinhlangothi zokuhlanganisa, ikhebula lebhodi lendodakazi, isekethe yokushaja, indlela yokuhlola kanye nesikhathi sokuhlola esisebenzayo. Ama-oda azinzile anganciphisa izindleko zamayunithi ngokuthenga i-reel yesixhumi, ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli kanye nokunciphisa inani lezinto ezisetshenziswayo.

I-MPN eqondile yesixhumi kufanele iqandiswe ngaphambi kwesilinganiso sevolumu ngoba into engashintsha indawo ebekwe kuyo ingashintsha indawo ebekwe kuyo, ukubambelela kwegobolondo kanye nokuvulwa kwendawo ebiyelwe. Amadivayisi e-ESD, ama-MCU, izingxenye ze-laminate kanye nokushaja kufanele futhi kuvunyelwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuhlolwe.

Ngemikhiqizo elungisekayo, isu lesevisi kufanele licacise ukuthi isixhumi se-USB-C siyaseviswa yini ngokufaka esikhundleni sebhodi lendodakazi noma i-PCBA yonke. Ibhodi lendodakazi lingenza kube lula ukushintshwa kwensimu; isixhumi esihlanganisiwe sinciphisa izingxenye kanye nokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike esikhaleni sokuvalelwa, umzila wekhebula, ukusetshenziswa okulindelekile kanye nesu lokuthengisa ngemuva kokuthengisa.

Amarekhodi Okuhlola e-PCBA ekhibhodi ye-USB-C

Uma ifakiwe ku-oda, amarekhodi angamboza ukuqinisekiswa okungenayo kwesixhumi, ukulungiswa kwesixhumi sesihloko sokuqala , ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI noma okugxile kokuhlangana, ukubuyekezwa kwe-firmware, ukulinganiswa kwamanje, ukubalwa kokuqondiswa okubili kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-key ngayinye. Ukuqinisekiswa okudingekayo kwemishini noma kwe-ESD kufanele kuchazwe ngenqubo ejwayelekile, evalekile kanye nokwamukelwa ngaphambi kwekhotheshini.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngekhibhodi ye-USB-C PCB

Ingabe isixhumi se-USB-C sisebenza kuzo zombili izindlela ngokuzenzakalelayo?

Kuphela uma ama-CC, D+/D− kanye nama-power pin esetshenziswa kahle futhi ukuhlanganiswa kuqinisekisiwe kuzo zombili izindlela.

Kufanele kubekwe kuphi isivikelo se-USB ESD?

Iseduze kakhulu nesixhumi ngendlela ewusizo, inemininingwane emifushane kanye nendlela yokubuya kwe-impedance ephansi egcina ugesi usuka ku-logic ebucayi.

Ingabe isixhumi se-USB-C kufanele sisebenzise amathebhu egobolondo angena ngembobo?

Lokho kuncike esixhumini esikhethiwe kanye nomsebenzi womshini. Izici zegobolondo elidlulayo noma eliqinisiwe zingathuthukisa ukudluliselwa komthwalo, kodwa indawo efanele kufanele ifane nengxenye.

Yini okufanele ihlolwe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa?

I-VBUS kanye ne-voltage yesitimela, kokubili ukuqondiswa kwekhebula, ukubalwa, imicimbi ebalulekile, ukufinyelela kwe-bootloader, umthwalo omkhulu ovunyelwe kanye nokuqina kwesixhumi.