Kuungana kwePCB yemuenzaniso: Kubva paMafaira Ekugadzira kusvika kuMabhodhi Akaedzwa

Highleap Electronics inovaka maPCB assembly emhando yepamusoro evanjiniya vehardware nemapoka ezvigadzirwa vanoda mabhodhi akaiswa vanhu vanogona kuaisa, kugadzirisa uye kuyera. Tinogadzira mabhodhi asina chinhu, kutsvaga kana kugamuchira zvikamu, kushandisa SMT nekubatanidza maburi, uye kuongorora mabhodhi apera tisati tatumira. Maodha eprototype anotangira pazvidimbu zvishanu.

Pane prototype inopindura mibvunzo yeinjiniya. Kana bhodhi rikakundikana pabhenji, unofanirwa kuziva kana chikonzero chiri dhizaini kana kuti chivakwa. Chikamu chisina kunaka, diode yakadzoserwa shure kana BGA joint yakavhurika inoshandura debug yemazuva maviri kuita ongororo yemavhiki maviri. Maitiro edu eprototype akagadzirirwa kubvisa kusava nechokwadi nezvekuvaka, saka mhedzisiro yaunoyera ndeye dhizaini yako.

Kuti utaure nezve prototype build, tumira mafaira eGerber kana ODB++, BOM, faira rekusarudza-uye-kuisa pamwe nehuwandu. Kana zvimwe zvikamu zvichabva mustock yako, taura kudaro muchikumbiro.

Zvinofanira Kuratidzwa Nekuvakwa KwePCB Assembly Yemuenzaniso

Mapoka anoronga ma prototypes panzvimbo dzakasiyana muprojekiti, uye chinangwa chekuvaka chinoshanduka nechinhu chimwe nechimwe. Kubvumirana pane chinangwa chisati chaitwa odha kunogadzira chiyero chekuongorora, hurongwa hwechikamu uye kuti chivakwa chinofanira kudhura zvakadii.

Sei Uchifanira Kushandisa Mutsetse Wekugadzira Mabhodhi Mashanu kana Gumi Chete?

Ma prototypes anosungirirwa nemaoko anogona kukuudza kuti circuit inoshanda sei. Havagone kukuudza kana QFN ye 0.4 mm pitch, BGA yakapfava kana mudziyo wemagetsi wepasi guru uchasungirirwa zvakavimbika ne stencil ne reflow oven. Kuiswa kwemuchina uye controlled reflow profile kunoita kuti ma prototype joints aenzane nema production joints akazotevera, izvo zvinoita kuti mhinduro dzako dzebvunzo dzienzanewo. Kugona kwedu SMT assembly kunosanganisira passives kusvika ku 01005, BGA uye package-on-package parts, double-sided placement uye odd-form components.

Pakeji yeData rePCBA Prototype: Zvekutumira

Kunonoka kukuru kweprototype kunoitika usati watanga kuvaka. Mibvunzo nezve polarity marks dzisina kuwanikwa, BOM lines dzisina nhamba yechikamu chemugadziri, kana centroid file isingaenderane nehurongwa zvese zvinomirira mugadziri, uye imwe neimwe inodhura pazuva. Pakeji yakazara inotibvumira kuongorora data kamwe chete totanga kutenga nekukasika.

• Ruzivo rwekugadzira: Gerber RS-274X kana ODB++, faira rekuboorera reNC, bhodhi, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu uye ukobvu hwakapedzwa, kupedzwa kwepamusoro uye chero chinodiwa chekupindira.
• BOOM: mareferensi ezviratidzo, huwandu, nhamba yezvikamu zvemugadziri uye mugadziri wemutsetse wega wega, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinotenderwa paunozvigamuchira. Maka chero chikamu sechisina-nzvimbo (DNP).
• Ruzivo rwenzvimbo: a faira repakati neX/Y, kutenderera nerutivi rwemugadziri wega wega, zvakagadzirwa kubva pakugadziriswa kwakafanana nekwaGerbers.
• Dhirowa yegungano: polarity nepin 1 mamaki, connector orientation, mirairo yakakosha yakaita sezvikamu zvinoiswa papress-fit, waya dzakasungirirwa nemaoko kana zvikamu zvisingafanirwe kusukwa.
• Zvinyorwa zvebvunzo nezvirongwa: faira refirmware uye interface yeprogramming kana mabhodhi akasvika akaiswa purogiramu, uye chero cheki iri nyore ye power-on yaunoda kuti iitwe.

Rondedzero yakazara, kusanganisira mafomati emafaira atinogamuchira, iri papeji redu rezvinodiwa zvePCB assembly file.

Ko Prototype Inoda Ongororo yeDFM Here?

Ehe, uye ma prototypes anobatsirwa nazvo kupfuura zvinoitwa nekuvakwa kwakazotevera. Ongororo inobata ma pad geometry ayo anozogadzira ma passives madiki, kuburikidza ne-in-pad pasina kuzadzwa paBGA pads, zvikamu zvakaiswa pedyo zvakanyanya nemucheto webhodhi kuti zvigadziriswe, uye zvisipo fiducials. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya usati watanga kuvaka zvinoreva kuti prototype inoedza circuit yako, kwete ruzivo rwemarongerwo angadai akagadziriswa chero zvakadaro. Highleap inopa ongororo yeDFM yemahara ine zvirevo zve prototype; zvakawanikwa zvinodzoserwa kwauri kuti uite sarudzo pane kuchinjwa chinyararire.

MaPrototype eTurnkey, Consigned kana Partial Turnkey

Kuti ndiani anotenga zvikamu zvinokanganisa nguva yekutangira chigadzirwa kupfuura chero danho rekugadzira. Sarudza modhi zvichienderana nekuti zvikamu zvako zviri kupi nhasi.

Kuungana kweprototype yeTurnkey kazhinji ndiyo nzira inokurumidza kana zvikamu zviripo, nekuti kugadzirwa kwePCB nekutenga zvikamu zvinoenderana. Kune makit eprototype akatumirwa , sanganisira kubviswa kwezvikamu zvidiki (tepi yakachekwa inorasikirwa nezvikamu pa feeder leader), chengeta zvishandiso zvinonzwa hunyoro mumabhegi azvo akavharwa, uye isa pepa rebhegi rega rega nenhamba yezvikamu zvemugadziri.

Chii Chinoitika Kana Chikamu Chemuenzaniso Chisisipo?

Tinotaura nezvekushomeka kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chine simba rekuchinja chiripo uye kusiyana kwacho tisati tatenga chero chinhu. Kune prototype, chinhu chimwe chete chinoenderana nepini chine chiyero chemagetsi chakafanana chingagamuchirwa; kune sampuro yekutevedzera mitemo kazhinji hazvigamuchirwi. Sarudzo yacho inoramba iri yechikwata chenyu cheinjiniya. Kumbirai timu yedu inoona nezvekushandisa zvikamu kuti inyore mamiriro ehupenyu (NRND, kutenga-kwekupedzisira) paBOM panguva yekotesheni. Zvakakosha kuziva dhizaini isati yaoma.

Kuungana uye Kuongorora Huwandu hwePrototype Diki

Mabhodhi emuenzaniso anogamuchira matanho akafanana neaya ekugadzira mabhodhi: kudhinda nestencil, kuisa muchina, kudzoreredza, kuputira maburi uye kuongorora. Chii chinochinja maitiro ekuongorora, nekuti zvishandiso nemapurogiramu anobhadhara zvakanyanya hazviwanzo kururamiswa nemabhodhi gumi.

• Kuongorora kwekutanga: bhodhi rekutanga rakaungana rinotariswa paBOM nemufananidzo wekubatanidza kuti rione kana chikamu charo chiripo, polarity uye kurongeka kwechikamu chacho chisati chagadzirwa.
• Ongororo yekuongorora: Kuongorora majoini anoonekwa, kubatana kwemasero uye kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvemuviri kuburikidza neAOI nemaikorosikopu.
• X-ray yemapfundo akavanda: Majoini eBGA, LGA neQFN haagoni kutongwa nemaziso. X-ray kuongorora inoratidza kuvharirana, mabhora asipo uye kubuda kwemvura pasi pemachira ekupisa.
• Kuedzwa kwemagetsi pasina chinhu chemagetsi: kuyedzwa kwekuongorora kubhururuka macheki ekuvhura, mashoti mapfupi uye kukosha kwezvikamu pasina mutengo wechinhu chekubata nzara.
• Kutarisa kwekushanda kana kushanda: kana ukapa nzira, mabhodhi anogona kufambiswa nemagetsi uye kuongororwa usati watumirwa, saka mayuniti anokundikana pakusvika anoongororwa pano pane pabhenji rako.

Nguva Yekutungamira Yemuenzaniso uye Zvinokonzera Mari

Kana uri muchimiro che "turnkey prototype", ronga mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu kana zvikamu zviripo: kutenga zvikamu kunowanzo kutora mazuva mashanu kusvika gumi uye kugadzira kwemazuva matatu kusvika mashanu, kugadzirwa kwePCB kuchitevedzana nenguva yekutenga. IC imwe chete inoronga nguva yekuvaka kwese, saka hupenyu hwese uye kutarisa kwemasheya panguva yekutenga zvinhu zvinokosha. Kana purogiramu iriyo dambudziko guru, sevhisi yedu yekubatanidza nekukurumidza inoisa kukosha kwekuvaka pamutengo wakakwira.

Mitengo yemayuniti emuenzaniso yakakwira nekuti mitengo yakatarwa inopararira pamabhodhi mashoma. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzeresa mitengo ndeizvi:

• Kugadzirisa uye kushandisa maturusi: stencil, machine programming uye first-board verification zvinodhura zvakafanana pamabhodhi mashanu se500.
• Zvishoma zvezvikamu: zvimwe zvikamu zvinotengeswa muhuwandu hwemareel kana tireyi chete, saka mutengo weBOM wemabhodhi mashanu unogona kudarika mutengo webhodhi.
• Tekinoroji yebhodhi: HDI microvias, controlled impedance, heavy copper kana special laminates zvinowedzera mutengo wepurasitiki isina chinhu uye zvinogona kuwedzera nguva yekugadzira.
• Mixed teknolojia: zvikamu zvinopinda nepaburi, zvinobatanidza zvinodzvanywa kana kuti zvinofambisa mvura nemativi maviri.
• Inspection scope: X-ray, flying probe uye functional testing zvinowedzera nguva asi deredza nguva yekugadzirisa zvikanganiso kurutivi rwako.

Mangani Mabhodhi Emuenzaniso Aunofanira Kuraira?

Odha mabhodhi akakwana kuti avhare bvunzo dzinoparadza, kuedza patsva uye mabhodhi anotumirwa kufirmware kana kune vamwe vashandi vekuedza, pamwe chete nekanenge kamwe chete. Matimu anoodha mabhodhi matatu anowanzo odha imwe yekuvaka nekuti bhodhi rimwe rakakuvara panguva yekugadzirisa. Mari yekugadzirisa haichinji pakati pezvidimbu zvishanu kusvika gumi, saka mabhodhi ekuwedzera haawedzere zvakawanda pamutengo.

Kubva paPrototype kusvika pakuvaka Pilot

Kana prototype ikapfuura, odha inotevera inowanzo wedzera kusvika pamakumi kana pasi pemazana emabhodhi. Kuvaka ikoko kunoratidza matambudziko anowanikwa neprototype: kutsiva zvikamu munzvimbo dzakasiyana, dhizaini yemapaneru inononoka kubvisa mapaneru, matanho ekuyedza asingakure, uye magwaro aigara mumusoro meinjiniya chete.

Shandisa mhinduro dzemuenzaniso kugadzirisa zvinhu zvitatu usati waisa odha inotevera: nyora chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakatenderwa uye chinjana muBOM, shandura maitiro ekudzokorora kuita mirairo yekuedza yakanyorwa, uye gadzirisa DFM yega yega yaona kuti wakanonoka. Kana chigadzirwa chichavakwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana kana nzvimbo diki dzinodzokororwa, ona nzira yedu yekubatanidza PCB ine musanganiswa wakawanda, wakaderera . Kuchengeta prototype uye kuvaka gare gare nemugadziri mumwe chete kunochengetedzawo stencil, mapurogiramu uye nhoroondo yekuongorora munzvimbo imwe chete.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezvekuungana kwePCB

Chii chinonzi chiyero chidiki chePCB gungano remuenzaniso?

Highleap inogamuchira maodha ekugadzira maPCB kubva pazvikamu zvishanu, kuunganidza uye PCBA, zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwezvikamu. Hapana kukosha kweodha kwakaderera.

Unogona here kuunganidza chikamu cheBOM chete?

Ehe. Maka zvikamu zvisingafanirwe kuiswa seDNP muBOM uye pamufananidzo wekubatanidza. Chikamu chehuwandu chinowanzoonekwa pamabhodhi ekusimbisa pfungwa kana kana chikamu chimwe chedunhu chichizoongororwa gare gare.

Ndingazvipa zvimwe zvikamu here ini pachangu?

Ehe, kuburikidza nechikamu chekuchinja. Tumira zvikamu zvine mazita anoratidza nhamba yechikamu chemugadziri nehuwandu, uye chengeta midziyo inodzivirira hunyoro yakavharwa. Tinosimbisa kugashira kubva kuBOM isati yarongwa kuvaka.

Mabhodhi emuenzaniso achavakirwa IPC-A-610 here?

Basa rekugadzira rinoongororwa kuIPC-A-610. Taura kirasi inodiwa muchikumbiro. Kana ma prototypes achifanira kumiririra chigadzirwa cheClass 3, taura izvozvo padanho rekotesheni, nekuti Kirasi 3 inochinja zvinodiwa pakugamuchira chigadzirwa, kuedza kwekuongorora uye mutengo.

Unoronga mabhodhi here?

Mabhodhi anogona kurongwa kana ukaisa faira refirmware, chimiro cheprogramming uye danho rekusimbisa rinotarisirwa. Isawo firmware revision kuitira kuti inyorerwe pamwe chete nebuild.