I-Automotive Semiconductor PCB: Idizayini Nokukhiqiza Kwezogesi Zamandla

Isingeniso

Ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor busebenza njengomgogodla wesimanje wamandla kagesi ezimoto, okuvumela amasistimu abalulekile njengama-EV inverter, amashaja ase-onboard, iziguquli ze-DC-DC, namamojula wamandla we-ADAS. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga amabhodi esekethe akwazi ukuphatha ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje, amazinga okushisa aphakeme okusebenza, nokudlidliza komshini okuqhubekayo kuyilapho egcina ukusebenza kukagesi okunembayo.

Inselele idlulela ngalé kokusebenza okuyisisekelo okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi, nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka kwezimoto. Ama-PCB akhethekile e-semiconductor yezimoto adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekile kwezinhlelo zezimoto ezinamandla amakhulu.

I-Automotive Semiconductor PCB ku-Power Electronics Applications

Ukusabalalisa Amandla kanye Nobuqotho Besiginali

Ama-PCB e-semiconductor yezimoto kumamojula wamandla asebenza imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko: ukusabalalisa imisinga ephezulu phakathi kwamadivayisi kagesi, ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa kwesignali phakathi kwezizinda zokulawula namandla, nokuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezishisayo zokususa ukushisa. Kumiklamo ye-inverter esekelwe ku-SiC, i-PCB isebenza njengesisekelo sesakhiwo esixhumanisa amadivaysi okushintshanisa namabhange e-capacitor ngenkathi ihambisa amasiginali we-gate drive nge-inductance encane.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezidingo Zomklamo

Ama-PCB kagesi adinga ukujiya kwethusi okusukela kuma-ounces amabili kuya kwayisithupha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ounce ejwayelekile emabhodini okulawula. Amazinga okushisa okusebenza avame ukwedlula ama-125°C eduze kwama-semiconductor kagesi, okudinga izinto ezinamazinga okushisa okuguquka kwengilazi angaphezu kwama-170°C. Ama-trace e-PCB e-EV inverter kumele aphathe ubuningi bamanje obufika kuma-30A ngobubanzi bokulandelela kwe-millimeter, okudinga ukuhlaziywa kokuqedwa kokushisa ngokucophelela.

Izidingo Zento Ebalulekile Nesakhiwo Sezimoto Semiconductor PCB

Ukukhetha Okuyisisekelo

Amasekethe ezingqimba zokulawula ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-laminate e-FR-4 ukuze asebenzise kahle izindleko, kuyilapho izigaba zamandla zidinga ama-substrate e-metal-core noma ama-substrate e-insulated metal (IMS) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukushabalalisa ukushisa. Imiklamo ye-PCB yokushisa okuphezulu ifaka ukwakheka kwe-hybrid lapho izingqimba zamandla zisebenzisa ama-core ensimbi kuyilapho izingqimba zesignali zisebenzisa izinto ezivamile ze-dielectric.

Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Aluminium IMS substrates - I-Thermal conductivity ye-1-2 W/mK ene-dielectric isolation layer.
• Izinto ze-Copper-base – I-Thermal conductivity engaphezu kuka-180 W/mK ngezidingo zokukhipha ukushisa okukhulu.
• Ama-laminates ajwayelekile we-FR-4 - I-Thermal conductivity ye-0.3 W/mK, ifanele izendlalelo zokucubungula isignali.

I-Copper Eminyene kanye Nokuphathwa Kwe-Thermal

Ukuqaliswa kwe-PCB yethusi ewugqinsi kusebenzisa izisindo zethusi ezi-3 ukuya kwezingu-6 zamathrekhi amakhulu wamandla, ukucwenga okungeza ukujiya okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile. Izisetshenziswa ezishisayo ezibekwe ngaphansi kwamadivayisi amandla zidala izindlela zokushisa eziqondile eziya kuma-cores ensimbi noma ama-heatsink angaphandle. Izinhlamvu zemali zethusi—ukufakwa kwethusi eliqinile elishumekwe ku-PCB—kugxilisa ukususwa kokushisa ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwama-semiconductors anamandla amakhulu.

Properties Dielectric

Izimpawu zokushayela isango le-high-frequency zidinga izinto ze-dielectric ezinesici esiphansi sokulahla kanye ne-dielectric ezinzile kuwo wonke amabanga okushisa. Izinto ezigcwele i-Polyimide kanye ne-ceramic zigcina izakhiwo zikagesi emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ngenkathi zinikeza ukuzinza kwemishini okudingekayo endaweni yezimoto. Ukulawulwa kokuvimbela ungqimba lwesignali kuba semqoka ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-SiC ne-GaN lapho isivinini sokushintsha sikhiqiza amazinga omkhawulo angaphezu kuka-50V nanosecond ngayinye.

I-Automotive Semiconductor PCB Design yamamojula we-SiC kanye ne-GaN

Izidingo Zokushintsha Imvamisa Ephezulu

Imiklamo yemojula yamandla ye-SiC ye-PCB kufanele inciphise ukungena kwe-parasitic ku-loop yokushintsha ukuze kucindezelwe i-voltage overshoot ngesikhathi sokushintsha izinguquko. I-Gate drive trace impedance idinga ukufana nama-ohms angu-50 ngokubekezelelana okuqinile, kuyilapho izindawo eziluphu phakathi kwamadivayisi kagesi nama-capacitor axhumanisayo kufanele zihlale ngaphansi kwamasentimitha-skwele angu-5. Izakhiwo ze-GaN PCB zidinga ukulawula okuqinile nakakhulu ngenxa yesivinini sokushintsha esisondela ku-100 MHz.

Ukusebenza Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Amazinga okushisa okuhlangana okusebenzayo kumadivayisi e-SiC ahlala afinyelela ku-175°C, eveza izinto ze-PCB ekucindezelekeni okushisayo okuqhubekayo. Ama-laminates asekelwe ku-Polyimide noma ama-IMS substrates agcina ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi kulawa mazinga okushisa aphakeme. Ukufanisa i-coefficient yokwandisa okushisayo phakathi kwe-copper, i-dielectric, kanye nokufakwa kwemojula yamandla kuvimbela ukunqwabelana kokucindezeleka komshini ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili.

I-High-Voltage Isolation

Imiklamo ye-EV inverter PCB ephatha amasistimu ebhethri angu-800V idinga ukukhuphuka kwe-creepage kanye namabanga okukhipha phakathi kwamakhondaktha. Ugqinsi lwe-Dielectric phakathi kwezendlalelo kufanele lumelane nokuhlolwa kokukhipha uketshezi ngokwengxenye ngokwezinga ngalinye lezimoto, ngokuvamile okudinga isikhala esincane esingu-0.4mm sokuhlukaniswa okungu-1000V. Isicelo sokumboza esivumelanayo sengeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe emazingeni nasekungcoleni.

I-Modular Packaging Integration

Amamojula wamandla esimanje ahlanganisa ama-substrates e-cond-bonded-copper nama-automotive semiconductor PCB assemblies, adinga ukulawula okunembe kwe-dimensional kanye nemiklamo ehambisanayo yephedi ye-solder. Izixhumanisi zokuthintana nokucindezela kanye nokuxhumeka okulayishwe entwasahlobo kuthathela indawo amajoyinti e-solder endabuko kweminye imiklamo enokwethenjelwa okuphezulu. Okunamathiselwe ku-interface okupholisa okuqondile kuvumela ukukhwezwa kwe-heatsink ngokumelana nokuncane kokusebenza okushisayo.

Ukwethenjelwa kanye Namazinga Okufaneleka

Amazinga Okuhlola Nezimfuneko

Ukufaneleka kwe-PCB yezinga lezimoto kulandela amazinga engxenye ye-AEC-Q200 kanye nezidingo zezinga lesistimu ye-ISO 16750. Amabhodi agibela ibhayisikili elishisayo ukusuka ku -40°C ukuya ku-150°C ubuncane bemijikelezo engu-1000, kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwempilo yokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezimweni ezilinganiselwe eziphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza ngakunye kwamazinga e-IPC-6012DA Ekilasi 3 kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bemishini ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqhubekayo yezimoto.

I-Surface Finish kanye Nokuvikela

Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu kunomthelela kukho kokubili isivuno sokuqala somhlangano kanye nokuthembeka koxhumo lwesikhathi eside kuma-PCB we-automotive semiconductor PCB:

• Ukufakwa kwe-ENIG - Inikeza izindawo ezithengiswayo ezinempilo yeshalofu enwetshiwe nokuhambisana okuningi kokugeleza kabusha.
• OSP enamathela - Inikeza izinzuzo zezindleko zokukhiqiza ivolumu ephezulu nge-solderability enhle kakhulu.
• Ucwecwe lwegolide oluwugqinsi - Inikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu ezidinga i-wire bonding noma uxhumano olulingana nokucindezela.

Ukuvumelana Kokukhiqiza

Ukulandelela ububanzi obufanayo phakathi kuka-±10% kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje okubikezelwayo kanye nokuvimbela i-hotspot kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza. Via ukwethembeka kuncike aspect ratio control, nge vias ezishisayo ezidinga ukugcwaliswa noma capped ukwakhiwa ukuvimbela solder wicking ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Ukuhlolwa kokubona okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlolwa kukagesi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi ngalinye lihlangabezana nezicaciso zobukhulu nezikagesi.

I-Automotive Semiconductor PCB Manufacturing e-Highleap Electronics

Amakhono Okukhiqiza Athuthukile

I-Highleap Electronics igxile ekwenziweni kwesekethe yethusi elijiyile elinesisindo sethusi esingafika kuma-ounces angu-6, isekela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezimoto anamandla aphezulu. Amakhono ethu okukhiqiza i-substrate yensimbi afaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-IMS yesisekelo sethusi enobukhulu be-dielectric obulawulwayo ukuze kusebenze kahle ukushisa. Izinqubo zokufaka i-electroplating ngokunemba zigcina ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi okufanayo kuyo yonke imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yezendlalelo eziningi.

Ukusekela Ukuklama Nokucubungula

Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kokuklama ukukhiqiza okugxile kakhulu ezidingweni ze-PCB ze-semiconductor zezimoto , okuhlanganisa ukulingisa ukushisa kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobuningi bamanje. Sisekela ukuthuthukiswa kweprototype ngokukhiqizwa kweqembu elincane ngezinqubo ezihambisanayo, okuvumela ukushintshela okushelelayo ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu. Izinsizakalo eziphelele ze-PCBA zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye nezinqubo zokuhlola ezenzelwe ukuqinisekiswa kwe-elekthronikhi yamandla.

Quality Systems

Izinqubo eziqinisekisiwe ze-ISO 9001 kanye ne-IATF 16949 ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinga lezimoto kukho konke ukukhiqiza. Amandla okuhlola indawo ezungezile ahlanganisa amagumbi okuhamba ngebhayisikili ashisayo kanye nemishini yokudlidliza yokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwangaphakathi endlini. Amasistimu okulandeleka alandelela inkatho yezinto futhi acubungule amapharamitha wephaneli ngayinye yokukhiqiza, asekela ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo.

Isiphetho

Ama-PCB we-semiconductor yezimoto amele izixazululo zobunjiniyela ezikhethekile ezibhekana nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zezinhlelo zokufaka ugesi kwezimoto ezinamandla amakhulu. Impumelelo idinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe, ukuphathwa okushisayo okunembayo, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqinisekiswa ngokumelene nezindinganiso eziqinile zezimoto. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-SiC ne-GaN banda ku-EV powertrains nengqalasizinda eshajayo, amadizayini e-PCB kufanele aguquke ukuze asekele amaza okushintsha aphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okwandisiwe.

I-Highleap Electronics inikeza amakhono aphelele okukhiqiza ama-PCB e-semiconductor yezimoto :

• Ukwenziwa kwethusi eliwugqinsi - Kufika ku-6 oz wethusi wokusabalalisa amandla wamanje.
• I-Metal-core substrates - I-IMS kanye nemiklamo yesisekelo se-copper enokusebenza okushisayo okuthuthukisiwe.
• Isitifiketi se-IATF 16949 - Amasistimu wekhwalithi yezinga lezimoto nokulandeleka.
• Qedela amasevisi e-PCBA - Ukusuka ku-prototype kuya ekukhiqizeni umthamo ngezinqubo ezingaguquki.

Ukubambisana nomkhiqizi we-PCB othembekile we-semiconductor yezimoto kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ekufuneni izicelo zama-electronics amandla.