I-China EV Ukushaja i-PCB Manufacturing and Assembly

I-Highleap Electronics ihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziphelele ze-PCB zokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa kuyo yonke imikhakha yezimoto, yezimboni, yezokuxhumana, neyamandla. Ama-PCB ashajayo e-EV amele okukhethekile kwethu okudinga kakhulu, lapho ukuphathwa kwamandla amakhulu kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokwethembeka kwezimoto. Njengoba izimoto zikagesi zishintsha ezokuthutha, senza amabhodi engqalasizinda eshajayo anika amandla lolu shintsho.

I-Heavy Copper EV Ukushaja PCBs Yamanje Ephakeme

Ama-PCB ashaja ama-EV kumele amelane nezidingo zamanje ezidlulele ukwedlula izinto zikagesi ezijwayelekile. Amashaja ashesha kakhulu afinyelela ku-350kW angaletha ama-amps angaphezu kuka-500, amabhodi ethusi ajwayelekile angu-1–2oz angeke akwazi ukuwasekela. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile, ama-PCB ashaja ama-EV asetshenziswa
ubuchwepheshe be-PCB yethusi esindayo kufika ku-10–20oz, okunika amandla ukulethwa kwamandla okuzinzile ngaphandle kokushisisa ngokweqile.

Kwa-Highleap Electronics, inqubo yethu yokukhiqiza i-EV charging PCB—eyakhelwe phezu kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokukhiqiza i-PCB —iqinisekisa ukulawulwa okunembile kobukhulu bethusi, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje okwenziwe kahle, kanye nama-thermal vias aqinile. Lawa masu avimbela izindawo ezishisayo futhi aqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside, okwenza ama-EV charging PCB ethu abe yisisekelo esithembekile sezinhlelo zokushaja zamandla aphezulu.

Ukuphathwa Okushisayo kuma-EV Ukushaja ama-PCB

Ukuthembeka kokushisa kuyisici esichazayo ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB yokushaja kwe-EV. Ngisho nangempumelelo engu-95%, ishaja esheshayo engu-150kW DC ikhiqiza ama-kilowatt amaningana okushisa okumele ahlakazwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokungafani nemikhiqizo yabathengi, amashaja e-EV asebenza ubusuku nemini ezindaweni ezingaphandle ukusuka ku--40°C ukuya ku-+50°C.

Sinjiniyela ama-PCB ashaja ama-EV anezixazululo ezishisayo ezithuthukisiwe ezihlanganisa ama-vias agcwele ithusi, athuthukiswe kusetshenziswa ama-arrays, nama-substrates ensimbi-core ongawakhetha ukuze aqhube ukushisa okuphezulu. Kumashaja anamandla amakhulu angaphezu kuka-100kW, sihlanganisa izindawo zokupholisa uketshezi nokuqapha izinga lokushisa ukuze siqinisekise ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki. Lawa maqhinga okuklama enza ama-PCB ethu ashajayo e-EV akwazi ukuphatha imithwalo yamandla aphezulu eqhubekayo ngokwethembeka okukhulu.

800V Izidingo Zokwakha Nezokuphepha

Ama-EV esimanje asebenzisa amabhethri angu-800V anika amandla ukushaja okusheshayo ngamakhebuli azacile. Leli zinga lamandla kagesi lidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuphepheni nasekuzihlukaniseni ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB.

I-IPC-2221 icacisa ubuncane bezikhala, kodwa sengeza u-50% wemajini wokuphepha:

• Ibanga le-Creepage: 15mm kusetshenziswe (10mm ubuncane)
• Ukususwa emoyeni: 12mm kusetshenziswe (8mm ubuncane)
• Ukuhlukaniswa okuqinisiwe: 8mm ku-277VAC
• Izikhala ezibonakalayo phakathi kwezizinda ze-voltage

Izikhala zokuhlukanisa ziqinisekisa ukuphepha noma ngabe kukhona ukungcola noma ukwehluleka kwengxenye. Sihambisa izikhala ezingu-3mm phakathi kwesisekelo nesesibili, sigcina amandla ngamathebhu ahlukanayo phakathi nokuhlanganisa. Ngemuva kwenani labantu, amathebhu ayasuswa kushiya ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwe-galvanic.

Izingxenye zokuphepha zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ama-Y-capacitors ahlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EMI kodwa kumele kube izinhlobo ezilinganiselwe ukuphepha. Ama-Optocouplers adinga izindawo zokugcina ezingama-6mm ezivimbela izindlela zokudonsa. Ulwazi lwethu lwe-PCB yemodyuli yamandla luqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokuphepha.

Ama-semiconductors e-Wide-Bandgap ezinhlelweni zokushaja

I-Silicon carbide (SiC) kanye nama-semiconductors e-gallium nitride (GaN) anika amandla ukusebenza kahle okungakaze kubonwe ekushajweni kwe-EV, kodwa isivinini sawo sokushintsha i-nanosecond sidala izinselele ezintsha.

Ngezivinini zokushintsha ezingu-50V/ns, i-2nH ye-parasitic inductance idala i-100V overshoot—okungase kucekele phansi amadivayisi. Sinciphisa ama-parasitic ngokusebenzisa:

• Ubuncane bezendlalelo ezine ezinamandla eziseduze/izindiza eziphansi
• Amandla aqondile angena ngokusebenzisa amalungu afanayo
• Izixhumanisi zomthombo we-Kelvin zamadrayivu amasango
• Ukubekwa kwengxenye kunciphisa indawo yeluphu

Amasekethe okushayela esangweni adinga ukunemba okumangalisayo. Ama-traces angaphansi kobude obuyi-10mm, i-impedance ehambisanayo yokunemba kwesikhathi, kanye namandla esango ahlukanisiwe avimbela izihibe zomhlabathi. Lawa masu ahlungiwe ngokukhiqizwa kwe-PCB yamandla e-GaN aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwe-wide-bandgap.

Ukwesekwa Kwephrothokholi Yezokuxhumana

Amashaja esimanje e-EV awawona nje ukulethwa kwamandla—amasistimu ahlakaniphile axhumana nezimoto, amanethiwekhi okukhokha, kanye nabasebenzisi begridi.

Izimiso ze-CHAdeMO kanye ne-CCS zidinga ibhasi le-CAN elisheshayo eline-impedance elawulwayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwemingcele yokuphepha, kanye nokuvikelwa okuqinile kwe-ESD. Ukuxhumana kumele kuqhubeke naphezu kokushintsha kwamandla ngama-kilowatts eduze.

Ukuxhumeka kwe-backend ye-OCPP kwenza kube lula ukuqapha okude nge-Ethernet ngama-magnetic ahlanganisiwe, amamodemu eselula adinga ukuhlukaniswa kwe-antenna, kanye nezinto ezivikelekile zokucubungula inkokhelo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwe-PCB yokushaja okungenantambo kuqondisa ukuhlanganiswa kokuxhumana okuthembekile.

Izici zegridi ehlakaniphile ezihlanganisa ukulinganisa komthwalo, ukuhlanganisa okuvuselelekayo, nekhono le-V2G kufuna umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi wamasignali. Izingxenye zedijithali zidinga ukuhlukaniswa kusuka kumasekhethi wamandla ngenkathi kugcinwa ukushintshana kwedatha okuthembekile.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Q: Yiziphi izinselelo ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB yokushaja kwe-EV?
A: Izinselele eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuphatha ama-amp currents angu-500+, ukukhipha ama-kilowatt okushisa, ukugcina ukuhlukaniswa okungu-800-1000V, kanye nokuhlanganisa izimiso zokuxhumana. I-Highleap Electronics ibhekana nalokhu ngokucubungula ithusi elisindayo elifika ku-20oz, izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezishisayo, izikhala eziqinile zokuphepha, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezimpawu ezixubile.

Q: Yiziphi izitifiketi ezidingekayo eziteshini zokushaja ze-EV?
A: Izitifiketi ezingukhiye zifaka i-UL 2202/IEC 61851 yokuphepha, i-FCC/CE yokukhipha, nezimfuneko zesifunda. Imiklamo ye-Highleap Electronics iqinisekisa ukuthobela ngokuhlukaniswa okufanele, ukulawula kwe-EMI, kanye nesitifiketi esiphelele esisekela imibhalo.

Q: Ingabe amashaja e-EV angasebenza ngamandla avuselelekayo?
IMP: Yebo, amashaja esimanje ahlanganisa nelanga, umoya, nokugcinwa kwebhethri. I-Highleap Electronics ikhiqiza ama-PCB asekela ukuhamba kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili, ukusebenza kwe-grid-tie, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla ngokusebenzisa yethu. Amandla esikhungo sedatha ye-AI PCB ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana kwegridi.

Q: Yisiphi isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa esijwayelekile sama-PCB eshaja ye-EV?
A: Kwa-Highleap Electronics: ama-prototypes ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7, ngokuvamile ama-design aphindaphindayo angu-2-3, futhi alungele ukukhiqizwa emavikini angu-6-8. Ukusebenzisa kwethu i-prototyping ngokushesha I-PCB yokushaja eshesha kakhulu amasu asheshisa isikhathi-kuya-emakethe kakhulu.