Hardware Circuit Design Imibono

I-Hardware Circuit Design Izidingo Ukuhlaziywa

Ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi iphrojekthi yomkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo ukuze uthole ukuthi umi kuphi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweziqephu ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuhlaziya kusiza ekucwengisiseni nasekuhlukaniseni izidingo, okuholela ohlwini lwezidingo olusebenza njengesisekelo somklamo womkhiqizo kanye nokuhlukaniswa komsebenzi.

Uma uhlu lwezidingo selucacisiwe, onjiniyela kufanele banqume ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ezosetshenziswa ku-hardware nokuthi iyiphi ku-software. Izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zibe sezibuyekezwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kucaciswe amasekhethi azosebenzisa le misebenzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo kanye nokucwengisiswa kuyisisekelo sokuklama kwesekethe yehadiwe, njengoba wonke amasekhethi ehadiwe aklanywe ngokusekelwe kulezi zidingo. Lokhu kuhlaziya kucacisa ukukhethwa kwezixazululo zehadiwe, futhi phakathi nale nqubo, isisombululo sehadiwe ngokuvamile singanqunywa.

Ukukhethwa kwesixazululo se-Hardware Circuit

Lapho izixazululo eziningi zingafinyelela umsebenzi ofanayo, ukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziywa kwalezi zixazululo kuyadingeka:

• Ukuqhathaniswa komehluko wezindleko zezixazululo: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha, izindleko ze-R&D, izindleko zokusebenzisa amasekhethi ahambisanayo, nezindleko zokucubungula.
• Ukuqhathaniswa kokuvuthwa kwezixazululo: Ukukhetha phakathi kwezixazululo ezintsha nezivuthiwe kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma amashejuli ephrojekthi eqinile.
• Izinzuzo zokusebenza ukuqhathaniswa kwezixazululo: Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izici zokusebenza okufanele kugxilwe kuzo kubalulekile ukuze kugqanyiswe izinzuzo zomkhiqizo futhi kugxilwe ezinkomba ezibalulekile.
• Ezinye izici zokusekela zesixazululo: Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezincike kubahlinzeki, ukubambisana nabahlinzeki kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa isisombululo.

Ukukhethwa kwesixazululo kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kuyisici esibalulekile sokwakheka kwehadiwe. Ngemikhiqizo enemisebenzi emisha, ukukhetha izixazululo zomkhiqizo kungabhekisela kuma-prototypes emikhiqizo efanayo emakethe, konga isikhathi nokusiza ekutholeni izixazululo ezihambisanayo ezivuthiwe ngokunembe kakhudlwana.

I-Hardware Circuit Design Schematic

I-Hardware circuit design schematic ihlela i-logic yesekethe. Ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza, ukuqonda komkhiqizo, ukugeleza kwesignali, nokuxhumana kwebhodi okusebenzayo kungahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe.

Kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi, umklamo wohlelo ubalulekile. Ivumela ukuhlola imisebenzi engekho yomkhiqizo, ukugeleza kwesignali okulungile, nokukhetha okunengqondo okunembile. Ukwengeza, ibeka isisekelo somklamo wohlelo, iqinisekisa ukuqonda okucacile phakathi nenqubo yokuklama.

Idizayini yesihlahla samandla, i-schematic engabonakali kusekethe, nayo ibalulekile. Izinkinga eziningi zivela ngenxa yesakhiwo esinganele semajini okuphakelwa kukagesi, okuholela ekuphakelelweni kwamandla okungavamile. Ukuqonda izidingo zamandla zemojula ngayinye, ukufingqa, nokuwaklama ewonke kubalulekile.

I-Schematic kanye ne-PCB Design ye-Hardware Circuits

Idizayini yohlelo isisekelo nesihluthulelo sayo yonke idizayini yomkhiqizo wehadiwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba komklamo wohlelo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqinisekiswe:

• Ukumiswa komdwebo wohlelo: Uma udweba izimpawu zamadivayisi amasha, kufanele zidwetshwe ngokuya ngesifunda sohlelo lokusebenza, futhi akunconywa ukuwahlela ngokuya ngokulandelana kwephinikhodi. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa amamojula kuphawu ngesikhathi sokudweba, ukuze ukugeleza kwesignali kucace lapho udweba uhlelo.
• Ukumiswa kokuqanjwa kwenethiwekhi okuhleliwe: Ukuqamba inethiwekhi yesiginali yeskimu kudinga ukwenziwa ngendlela efanayo. Isibonelo, imojula yamandla ikhombisa i-voltage yokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi isignali yokulawula ikhombisa isiqondiso sokugeleza kwesignali.
• Ukuzihlola ngokwakho kanye nokuhlola mutual of schematics: Ngemva kokuqeda isikimu, zihlole wena kuqala:
  • Hlola ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini amanethiwekhi ephoyinti elilodwa, ukuvuza kwenethiwekhi, njll.
  • Ukuthi imajini yedizayini yesekethe iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zedizayini, njengokuthi ingabe i-voltage ephethe njengamanje yama-resistor, ama-capacitor, nama-inductors ayahlangabezana yini nemibandela.
  • Hlola ukucaciswa kwedizayini, okungukuthi, ukuthi igama lenethiwekhi lisezingeni kanye nokuthi isiqondiso sokugeleza kwesignali simakwe kahle yini.
  • Hlola amaphutha athile ayisisekelo, njengamaphutha okuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana, izingxenye ezingekho, njll.
  • Ukuhlola okufanayo okuhleliwe: Cela usizo kwabanye onjiniyela ekuhloleni, ngoba ukucabanga kwawo wonke umuntu kunomkhawulo, futhi ngabanye, ungathola izinkinga ongazitholi wena, futhi ungathola namaphutha akho okuqonda.

Ukunemba kwe-schematic kuncike ikakhulukazi kumdwebi, futhi umdwebi futhi uyinhlangano enesibopho. Nakhu okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle engicabanga ukuthi kuwukubuyekeza uhlelo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthola amaphutha amaningi noma imiklamo engajwayelekile engatholakali ngenye indlela ngokubuyekeza uhlelo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ukufunda incwadi izikhathi eziyikhulu kuyincazelo yayo, futhi lesi isimiso esifanayo.

Hardware Circuit Engineer Experience Sharing

Umklamo we-PCB uwukufezwa okungokoqobo kwamasekethe ehadiwe futhi ungumthwali wamasekethe ehadiwe. Ngemva kokukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa, i-PCBA ekugcineni ihlanganiswa nesakhiwo somkhiqizo. Imibono yayo yokuklama nezindlela zifaka phakathi:

• Idizayini ye-PCB idinga ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwesakhiwo
• Idizayini ye-PCB idinga ukubuka kwesithombe esikhulu

Ezimweni eziningi, umklamo we-PCB uzungeza umnyombo we-CPU, futhi ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kukhona ama-cores akabili, enye iwumgogodla oyinhloko kanti enye iwumgogodla wesibili. Amanye ama-circuits ebhodini angabizwa ngokuthi i-peripheral circuit yale CPU. Kunamasekhethi aseduze ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuncane besifunda se-peripheral yesistimu ye-CPU, amasekhethi aseduze okunwetshwa komsebenzi, namasekhethi azungelezayo okuxhumana okuhlangene, njll. Kuphela ngokuqonda amafomu esekethe, imisebenzi yesekethe, kanye nokuminyana komzila we-PCB phakathi kwamamojula ungakwazi ube nokuqonda okucacile kwesakhiwo se-PCB, okuyilokho engikubiza ngokuthi ukubuka kwesithombe esikhulu.

Onjiniyela abaningi abasanda kuqala ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB bavame ukungabi nakho ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kokusatshalaliswa kwamasekhethi e-PCB, amafomu esekethe, kanye nohlaka lwesekethe lulonke. Bacabanga ukuthi inqobo nje uma zonke izingxenye ze-electronic zibekwe ebhodini le-PCB futhi imigqa ixhunyiwe, konke kuzolunga. Ngokusobala, lolu hlobo lokucabanga alulungile. Ngamabhodi alula, ukwelashwa okunjalo kungase kungabangela izinkinga.

Kodwa-ke, kumabhodi ayinkimbinkimbi anezingxenye eziningi, le ndlela ekugcineni izoholela ezinkingeni. Uzothola ukuthi ngaphandle kokubuka okuhle okuphelele, umzila we-PCB uzophithana, izingxenye ezidinga ukubekwa eduze azikwazi ukubekwa ndawonye ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwendawo okungenangqondo, futhi azikwazi ukubekwa ekugcineni. Lokhu kuholela ezinkingeni ezifana negobolondo lesakhiwo ukungakwazi ukwamukela izingxenye ze-PCB, okubuye kuphoqe unjiniyela wezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ukuthi asuse amasekhethi.

Noma izingxenye zingafakwa kugobolondo, kodwa umzila awukwazi ukuqedelwa, ngakho imithetho yomzila kufanele inikelwe, futhi imigqa ewugqinsi yasekuqaleni kufanele ishintshwe ibe imigqa emincane, okuholela ekungeneni kwamandla ukuze i-PCB idlule; isikhala esinganele phakathi kwemigqa yesignali ebucayi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwesignali phakathi kwamasignali; izingxenye ziminyene kakhulu, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni, ukunciphisa ukuzenzekelayo kokusebenza kokukhiqiza nokucubungula, ubunzima bokulungisa nokusebenza kabusha, nezinye izinkinga.

Ekugcineni, imingcele ehlukahlukene kagesi kanye nezinkomba ze-hardware zomkhiqizo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza nokucubungula zebhodi ziphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zokuqala.

Ngamafuphi, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kudinga ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye kanye nezintambo ezicabangela ngokugcwele izidingo zokusebenza, ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokucubungula, njll., futhi kucabangele nokugcinwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kamuva, ukuze isekethe iklanywe ibe nengqondo, kube lula ukuyikhiqiza nokuyicubungula, futhi kube lula ukuyilungisa nokuyithuthukisa.

Ukuze uthole isibuyekezo esiphelele sokukhiqiza, sebenzisa lesi sihloko kanye nokwakheka kokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent kanye ne -PCB ye-impedance elawulwayo lapho uhlola izidingo ze-stackup, ukuhlanganiswa, noma ukuhlolwa.