Izizathu Zesinxephezelo Sobunjiniyela Befayela Le-PCB

Enqubweni yokuklama nokukhiqiza ama-PCB (Amabhodi Esifunda Aphrintiwe), izici ezahlukahlukene njengezakhiwo zezinto, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezimo zemvelo zingathinta kakhulu izici zikagesi kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwe-PCB. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokukhokha. Lesi sihloko sigxila esidingweni sokukhokha kokukhiqiza ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB , sigxile ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengobubanzi bokulandelela, ukubhoboza, ukwakheka kwamaphedi, izakhiwo zezinto, kanye nezici zikagesi.

Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo Kwesinxephezelo Sokukhiqiza kwe-PCB

Isinxephezelo sokukhiqiza i-PCB sibhekisela ekulungisweni kwamasu okwenziwe ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze kulwiswane nokwehluka okungenakugwenywa kanye nokubekezelelana okukhona ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB . Lezi zinxephezelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina we-PCB uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zikagesi, zemishini, kanye nokusebenza okuhlosiwe naphezu kwezinguquko zomzimba ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Njengoba amadizayini e-PCB eba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngokuminyana kwezingxenye eziphezulu, ukulandelelwa kahle, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza eziqinile, umkhawulo wephutha ekukhiqizeni uya ngokuya ube mncane. Isinxephezelo sokukhiqiza sisebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kokucaciswa kwedizayini efanelekile kanye namaqiniso aphathekayo ezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Landela Isinxephezelo

1. Isizathu Sesinxephezelo Sokulandela Ububanzi

Ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-PCB, imikhondo idlula izinqubo ezimbalwa ezingashintsha ubukhulu bazo, ikakhulukazi ukuqopha. I-Etching isusa ithusi ukuze idale iphethini yesekethe efiselekayo, kodwa akuyona inqubo eqonde mpo ngokuphelele, eholela "ku-side etching" noma "undercut." Ukufakwa emaceleni kwenzeka lapho isixazululo se-etchant sisusa ithusi ezinhlangothini ze-trace kanye nangaphezulu, okuholela ekulandeleleni okuncane kunalokho okuklanywe. Lokhu kungase kubeke engcupheni umthamo wamanje wokuthwala umkhondo kanye nobuqotho besignali.

2. Ukubala Trace Width Isinxephezelo

Ukuze umelane nokufakwa eceleni, abaklami be-PCB kufanele basebenzise isinxephezelo sobubanzi bokulandelela, okuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezifana nogqinsi lwethusi, inqubo yokuqopha, impahla yebhodi, nobubanzi bokulandelela nesikhala. Umthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha uthi:

Isinxephezelo = 1.5 * Ukuqina Kwethusi

Isibonelo, ngethusi elingu-1 oz (1.4 mils noma 35 μm ubukhulu), isinxephezelo singaba ngu-1.5 * 1.4 mils = 2.1 mils (cishe 53 μm). Ngakho-ke, ukulandelelwa kufanele kuklanywe ngamamitha angu-2.1 ububanzi ohlangothini ngalunye kunobubanzi obufunekayo bokugcina.

Lena indlela evamile yesinxephezelo sebhodi lesifunda. Uma inani lesinxephezelo sefekthri lingaqinisekile, kuyatuseka ukwandisa ububanzi bomugqa kanye nesikhala somugqa uma kungenzeka. Uma ibhodi liqukethe imigqa eminingi eminyene engakwazi ukulungiselelwa ububanzi bomugqa kanye nesikhala, inkampani yethu isengakwazi ukuyikhiqiza. Sisebenzisa indlela yesinxephezelo eguquguqukayo ukuze silawule ububanzi bomugqa nesikhala ebhodini.

Kodwa-ke, uma kunezikhala ezimbalwa ezincane, kunconywa ukuthi umklami enze ngcono ikhambi, njengoba izindleko zizokhuphuka, ikakhulukazi kuma-PCB asezingeni eliphezulu. Uma kungewona umugqa wokuvinjelwa, ungayala ngqo unjiniyela we-CAM ukuthi athuthukise isikhala ukuze ahlangabezane namakhono okukhiqiza ajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela isici sezindleko ngenkathi unamathela emikhubeni emihle kakhulu yokuklama i-PCB.

3. Izindlela Ezithuthukisiwe Zokunxephezela Umkhondo

Abaklami be-PCB abathuthukile basebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze bathole isinxephezelo:

a. I-Differential Pair Compensation

Kumapheya anesivinini esiphezulu, ukulondoloza ukungaguquki kubalulekile. Isinxephezelo akumelwe sisetshenziswe kuphela ebubanzini bokulandelela kodwa futhi nasesikhaleni phakathi kwamathrekhi. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ukulingiswa okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlolwa ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle.

b. Ubude Ukufanisa Isinxephezelo

Kumiklamo enesivinini esikhulu, ukufanisa ubude bokulandelela kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi sesiginali. Isinxephezelo kufanele sibhekane nezinguquko kubude bokulandelela ngenxa yokunamathisela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iminonjana efaniswayo ihlala ngaphakathi kobude obudingekayo bokubekezelela ngemva kokukhiqiza.

c. Isinxephezelo Sokulandelela Esilawulwa Nge-Impedans

Ukuze kutholakale imikhondo elawulwa yi-impedance, isinxephezelo sobubanzi kumele sibalwe ngokucophelela ukuze kulondolozwe i-impedance efiselekayo ngemva kokuqopha. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukubambisana eduze nomenzi we-PCB ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo eziqondile zokuqoqa kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.

I-Drill Compensation

1. Isizathu Sesinxephezelo Sokubhola

Osayizi bemigodi abachazwe kumafayela e-Gerber bavame ukubhekisela kubukhulu obuqediwe ngemva kwazo zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukugoqa kwethusi kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo. Lezi zinqubo zinganciphisa usayizi wemigodi, kudingeke isinxephezelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu bokugcina buhlangabezana nezimfuneko.

2. Amazinga Emboni Yesinxephezelo Sokubhola

Inani lesinxephezelo sokubhoboza litholakala ekuhlolweni kwamandla okukhiqiza. Isibonelo, uma usayizi wokugcina wembobo odingekayo ungu-1.00mm futhi i-plating yengeza ukujiya, umnyango wobunjiniyela ungase usebenzise i-drill bit engu-1.15mm. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi usayizi wokugcina wembobo ngemva kokubopha uhlangabezana nemininingwane yomklamo. Isinxephezelo sokubhoboza sihlobene nenqubo yobuso kanye nosayizi wembobo yokubhoboza. Ngokuvamile, ngezinqubo ezifana nokufutha ngethini, kusetshenziswa isinxephezelo esingu-0.15mm, kuyilapho ekucwilisweni kwegolide, kusetshenziswa isinxephezelo esingu-0.1mm. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani onjiniyela be-CAM bevame ukuqinisekisa izinkinga ezifana nokwahlukaniswa kwembobo okunganele kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwembobo encane. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga kuvumela ukugwema okuphumelelayo, okuvumela onjiniyela be-CAM ukuthi bathuthukise amafayela e-Gerber ngokushesha nangokufanele.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukukhetha ngamasayizi. Uma abaklami be-PCB becabangela ngesinxephezelo kusengaphambili futhi bandise amaphedi okubhola ahambisanayo ngokufanele, amafayela e-PCB aklanyelwe azothola idumela elihle phakathi konjiniyela be-CAM. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphedi okubhoboza ahlala anele ngemva kwesinxephezelo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza kahle kwefayela.

Isinxephezelo Sephedi

Ukubaluleka Kwesinxephezelo Sephedi

Isinxephezelo sephedi sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana okuthembekile kanye nokusoda kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ingashintsha usayizi wephedi nokuma ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo esifanele, lezi zinguquko zingase zibangele ikhwalithi ephansi yokudambisa, ukuxhuma okuxekethile, noma ukwehluleka kokunamathisela.

Izindlela Zokunxeshezelwa Kwephedi

a. Isinxephezelo Sobubanzi : Lungisa ububanzi bephedi ukuze buhambisane nemininingwane yezingxenye, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okungu-10%.

b. Isinxephezelo Sokuma : Kuma-SMD ezindaweni ezinkulu zethusi, usayizi wephedi unqunywa usayizi wokuvula imaski yokubopha. Ukuze kugcinwe usayizi wokuqala we-SMD, ukuvulwa kwemaski yokubopha ku-foil enkulu yethusi kukhethwa ngokwehlukana. Usayizi wokuqala we-CAD SMD kanye nenani lesinxephezelo kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-SMD ebusweni obukhulu bethusi ifana ne- SMD endaweni elandelanayo.

c. Isinxephezelo Sesikhala : Qinisekisa ukuthi isikhala esanele phakathi kwama-pads ukuvimbela ama-short circuits. Isikhala esincane esinconywayo sezingxenye ze-BGA ne-IC singu-0.15 mm. Uma ububanzi be-via hole bukhulu kakhulu futhi i-pad incane kakhulu, onjiniyela be-CAM bazoyinweba yonke i-pad noma bayichebe ukuze balondoloze indandatho ye-solder ngenkathi beqinisekisa isikhala esifanele.

Isinxephezelo Sempahla

Isinxephezelo sezinto ezibonakalayo sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwama-PCB ngesikhathi nangemva kokukhiqizwa. Izinto ezahlukene ze-PCB zinezinhlanganisela zokwandisa ukushisa ezahlukahlukene, ezithinta ubukhulu bebhodi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa. Ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo esifanele ngokusekelwe kulezi zinhlanganisela, ibhodi lingase libhekane nokugoba, ukuqhekeka, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuguquguquka ezibeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwalo. Ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza, kubalulekile ukubala ngokunembile nokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okudingekayo ukuze kucatshangelwe lokhu kungafani kokukhulisa ukushisa.

Ukwengeza, ubukhulu nezinto zokwakha zomdwebo wesekethe ephrintiwe zithonya kakhulu usayizi wokugcina we-PCB nokuma. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa okufanele kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemininingwane yokuklama. Lokhu kuhilela ukulawula ngokucophelela amapharamitha enqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nesikhathi sokushisisa, okufanele kulawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo ezihlukene ze-PCB. Ngokwenza lezi zinguquko, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukufeza ukuzinza nokusebenza okufiswayo kumkhiqizo wokugcina.

Isiphetho

Isinxephezelo ekukhiqizeni kwe-PCB sikhuluma ngezinto ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni nokuthembeka kwebhodi. Ngokusebenzisa ububanzi bokulandelela, ukubhola, idizayini yephedi, okokusebenza, kanye nesinxephezelo sesici sikagesi, abakhiqizi abafana ne-Highleap Electronic bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PCB abo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eqinile futhi asebenze ngokwethembeka ezinhlelweni zabo ezihlosiwe.

Kwa-Highleap Electronic, sizibophezele ekubhekaneni nalezi zici ngokucophelela, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphakeme, ukuncishiswa kwamazinga okuhluleka, kanye nokwaneliseka okuphezulu kwamakhasimende. Thembela i-Highleap Electronic ngezidingo zakho ze-PCB, futhi uzwe umehluko ongenziwa ukunemba nokuzinikela.