Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB yesibonelo: Kusukela kumafayela okuklama kuya kumabhodi avivinyiwe

I-Highleap Electronics yakha ama-prototype PCB assembly onjiniyela behadiwe kanye namaqembu omkhiqizo adinga amabhodi agcwele abantu abangawasebenzisa, bawalungise futhi bawalinganise. Sakha amabhodi angenalutho, sithole noma samukele izingxenye, sisebenzise i-SMT kanye ne-through-hole assembly, futhi sihlole amabhodi aqediwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ama-oda e-prototype aqala ezingcezu ezi-5.

Kukhona iphrothokholi yokuphendula imibuzo yobunjiniyela. Uma ibhodi lihluleka ebhentshini, udinga ukwazi ukuthi imbangela iwumklamo noma isakhiwo. Ingxenye engalungile, i-diode eguquliwe noma i-BGA joint evulekile iguqula ukulungisa iphutha kwezinsuku ezimbili kube uphenyo lwamasonto amabili. Inqubo yethu yephrothokholi imiselwe ukususa ukungabaza okuhlobene nokwakha, ngakho-ke imiphumela oyilinganisayo ingeyomklamo wakho.

Ukuze ucaphune isakhiwo se-prototype, thumela amafayela e-Gerber noma e-ODB++, i-BOM, ifayela lokukhetha nokubeka kanye nobuningi. Uma ezinye izingxenye zizovela esitokweni sakho, sho njalo esicelweni.

Lokho Okufanele Kufakazelwe Ukwakhiwa Komhlangano We-PCB Oyisibonelo

Amaqembu ayala ama-prototype ezindaweni ezahlukene kuphrojekthi, futhi umgomo wokwakha uyashintsha ngelinye nelinye. Ukuvumelana ngomgomo ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe i-oda kwakheka ububanzi bokuhlola, isu lengxenye kanye nokuthi isakhiwo kufanele sibize malini.

Kungani Kufanele Usebenzise Umugqa Wokukhiqiza Kumabhodi Ama-5 noma Ayishumi Kuphela?

Ama-prototype athengiswa ngesandla angakutshela ukuthi isekethe iyasebenza. Azikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi i-QFN engu-0.4 mm pitch, i-BGA encane noma idivayisi enkulu yamandla ephansi izoshibilika ngokuthembekile nge-stencil kanye ne-reflow oven. Ukubekwa komshini kanye nephrofayili yokushibilika elawulwayo kwenza ama-prototype joints afana nama-joints okukhiqiza kamuva, okwenza imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ifane futhi. Amandla ethu okuhlanganisa i-SMT ahlanganisa ama-passives afinyelela ku-01005, i-BGA kanye nezingxenye zephakheji, ukubekwa okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nezingxenye zefomu elingavamile.

Iphakheji Yedatha ye-PCBA Yohlobo: Okufanele Ukuthumele

Ukulibaziseka okuningi kweprototype kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwakhiwa. Imibuzo mayelana namamaki e-polarity angekho, imigqa ye-BOM engenanombolo yengxenye yomkhiqizi, noma ifayela le-centroid elingahambisani nokwakheka konke kulindela umklami, futhi ngayinye ibiza ngosuku. Iphakheji ephelele isivumela ukuthi sibuyekeze idatha kanye bese siqala ukuthenga ngokushesha.

• Idatha yokukhiqiza: I-Gerber RS-274X noma i-ODB++, ifayela lokubhoboza le-NC, uhlaka lwebhodi, i-stackup enezinto zokwakha kanye nobukhulu obuqediwe, ukuqeda kobuso kanye nanoma yisiphi isidingo se-impedance.
• BOM: abaklami bezinkomba, inani, inombolo yengxenye yomkhiqizi kanye nomkhiqizi yomugqa ngamunye, kanye nezinye ezivunyiwe lapho uzamukela khona. Maka noma iyiphi ingxenye njenge-do-not-place (DNP).
• Idatha yokubekwa: a ifayela le-centroid nge-X/Y, ukujikeleza kanye nohlangothi lomklami ngamunye, okukhiqizwe kusukela ekubuyekezweni okufanayo namaGerber.
• Umdwebo wokuhlanganisa: i-polarity kanye nephini 1 amamaki, ukuqondiswa kwesixhumi, imiyalelo ekhethekile njengezingxenye ezifakwa ngokucindezela, izintambo ezifakwe ngesandla noma izingxenye okungafanele zigezwe.
• Amanothi okuhlola nokuhlela: ifayela le-firmware kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuhlela uma amabhodi kufanele afike ehlelwe, futhi noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okulula kokuvula amandla ofuna kwenziwe.

Uhlu lokuhlola oluphelele, okuhlanganisa namafomethi amafayela esiwamukelayo, lusekhasini lethu lezimfuneko zefayela le-PCB assembly.

Ingabe i-Prototype idinga ukubuyekezwa kwe-DFM?

Yebo, futhi ama-prototypes ayazuza kakhulu kukho kunokuba kwakhiwa kamuva. Ukubuyekezwa kuthola i-geometry yama-pad ezobeka itshe lesikhumbuzo ama-passives amancane, nge-in-pad ngaphandle kokugcwalisa ama-BGA pads, izingxenye ezibekwe eduze kakhulu nomphetho webhodi ukuze ziphathwe ngamaphaneli, kanye nokuntuleka kwama-fiducials. Ukulungisa lezi zinkinga ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kokuqala kusho ukuthi i-prototype ihlola isekethe yakho, hhayi imininingwane yesakhiwo ebingalungiswa noma kunjalo. I-Highleap inikeza ukubuyekezwa kwamahhala kwe-DFM ngezingcaphuno ze-prototype; okutholakele kubikelwa kuwe ukuze kuthathwe isinqumo kunokuba kushintshwe buthule.

Ama-Prototype e-Turnkey, Consigned noma Partial Turnkey

Ubani othenga izingxenye kuthinta isikhathi sokulethwa kweprototype ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi isinyathelo sokuhlanganiswa. Khetha imodeli ngokusekelwe ekutheni izingxenye zakho zikuphi namuhla.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-prototype ye-Turnkey kuvame ukuba yindlela esheshayo uma izingxenye zisesitokweni, ngoba ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kanye nokuthengwa kwezingxenye kusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kumakhithi e-prototype athunyelwe , faka ukususwa kwezingxenye ezincane (i-cut tape ilahlekelwa izingxenye ku-feeder leader), gcina amadivayisi azwela umswakama ezikhwameni zawo ezivaliwe, bese ubhala ilebula ngayinye isikhwama ngenombolo yengxenye yomkhiqizi.

Kwenzekani Uma Ingxenye Yesibonelo Ingekho Esitokweni?

Sibika ukushoda ngezinhlobo ezitholakalayo kanye nomehluko wazo ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yini. Kumodeli, uhlobo oluhambisana nephini olunesilinganiso sikagesi esifanayo lungamukeleka; ngesampula yokuthobela imithetho ngokuvamile akunjalo. Isinqumo sihlala eqenjini lakho lobunjiniyela. Cela ithimba lethu lokuthola izingxenye ukuthi libhale isimo somjikelezo wokuphila (i-NRND, ukuthenga okokugcina) ku-BOM ngesikhathi sekhotheshini. Kuwusizo ukwazi ngaphambi kokuba umklamo uqandiswe.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nokuhlolwa Kwamanani Amancane E-Prototype

Amabhodi esibonelo athola izinyathelo zenqubo ezifanayo namabhodi okukhiqiza: ukuphrinta nge-stencil, ukubeka umshini, ukugeleza kabusha, ukusonta ngembobo kanye nokuhlola. Yiluphi ushintsho oluyisu lokuhlola, ngoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinhlelo ezikhokha ngobuningi azivamile ukufaneleka ngamabhodi ayi-10.

• Ukuhlolwa kwebhodi lokuqala: ibhodi lokuqala elihlanganisiwe lihlolwa ngokumelene nomdwebo we-BOM kanye nowenhlangano ukuze kutholakale inani lengxenye, i-polarity kanye nokuma ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe amabhodi asele.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola: Ukuhlolwa kwe-AOI kanye ne-microscope kwamalunga abonakalayo, ukubopha kanye nokususwa kwezingxenye.
• I-X-ray yamalunga afihliwe: Amalunga e-BGA, LGA kanye ne-QFN awakwazi ukwahlulelwa ngokubona. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray ikhombisa ukubopha, amabhola angekho kanye nokuphuma ngaphansi kwama-thermal pads.
• Ukuhlolwa kukagesi ngaphandle kwento yokufakelwa: ukuhlolwa kwe-flying probe ukuhlola ukuvulwa, ama-short kanye namanani ezingxenye ngaphandle kwezindleko ze-bed-of-nails fixture.
• Ukuhlola kokuvula noma ukusebenza: uma unikeza inqubo, amabhodi angafakwa amandla futhi ahlolwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ngakho amayunithi ahlulekayo ekufikeni ayaphenywa lapha esikhundleni sokuba sebhentshini lakho.

Isikhathi Sokuhola Esibonakalayo kanye Nezindleko Eziqhutshwa Yizimo

Ukuze uthole uhlobo lwe-turnkey prototype, hlela cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu esewonke lapho izingxenye zisesitokweni: ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 kanye nokuhlanganiswa izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5, lapho ukwenziwa kwe-PCB kuhambisana nesikhathi sokuthenga. I-IC eyodwa ende isetha isheduli yesakhiwo sonke, ngakho-ke umjikelezo wokuphila kanye nokuhlolwa kwesitoko ngesikhathi sokucaphuna kubalulekile. Uma isheduli iyisithiyo esiyinhloko, insizakalo yethu yokuhlanganisa ngokushesha ibeka phambili isakhiwo ngezindleko eziphakeme.

Amanani entengo yamayunithi esibonelo aphezulu ngoba izindleko ezizinzile zisakazeke emabhodini ambalwa. Izindleko eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukusetha kanye namathuluzi: i-stencil, ukuhlela komshini kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwebhodi lokuqala kubiza okufanayo ngamabhodi ama-5 njengo-500.
• Okuncane kwezingxenye: ezinye izingxenye zithengiswa kuphela ngobuningi be-reel noma ithreyi, ngakho-ke izindleko ze-BOM zamabhodi ama-5 zingadlula izindleko zebhodi.
• Ubuchwepheshe bebhodiAma-microvia e-HDI, i-impedance elawulwayo, ithusi elisindayo noma ama-laminate akhethekile akhuphula izindleko zebhodi elingenalutho futhi angandisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza.
• Ubuchwepheshe obuxubile: izingxenye ezimbobo, izixhumi ezifakwa ngokucindezela noma izinyathelo zenqubo zokwengeza ukugeleza kabusha okunezinhlangothi ezimbili.
• Ububanzi bokuhlola: I-X-ray, i-flying probe kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengeza isikhathi kodwa kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungisa amaphutha ohlangothini lwakho.

Mangaki Amabhodi Ezibonelo Okufanele U-ode?

Oda amabhodi anele ukumboza izivivinyo ezibhubhisayo, ukuhlola kabusha kanye namabhodi athunyelwa ku-firmware noma ozakwabo bokuhlola, kanye okungenani nelinye elisele. Amaqembu a-oda amabhodi ama-3 avame uku-oda ukwakhiwa kwesibili ngoba ibhodi elilodwa lonakele ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha. Izindleko zokusetha azishintshi kakhulu phakathi kwezingcezu ezi-5 nezi-10, ngakho amabhodi engeziwe awengezi lutho entengo.

Kusukela ku-Prototype kuya ku-Pilot Building

Uma i-prototype idlula, i-oda elilandelayo livame ukukhula libe amashumi noma aphansi amabhodi angamakhulu. Lokho kwakhiwa kuveza izinkinga ezifihlwa yi-prototype: ukushintshana kwezingxenye kuzo zonke izindawo, ukwakheka kwephaneli okunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaphaneli, izinyathelo zokuhlola ezingalingani, kanye nemibhalo ehlala ekhanda lonjiniyela kuphela.

Sebenzisa imiphumela yephrothokholi ukulungisa izinto ezintathu ngaphambi kwe-oda elilandelayo: qopha yonke ingxenye evunyelwe bese ushintshana ku-BOM, guqula inqubo yokuletha ibe yimiyalelo yokuhlola ebhaliwe, bese uxazulula yonke i-DFM ekutholeni ukuthi uhlehlisiwe. Uma umkhiqizo uzokwakhiwa ngezinhlobo eziningi noma izindawo ezincane eziphindaphindayo, bheka indlela yethu yokuhlanganisa i-PCB ene-mix ephezulu, enevolumu ephansi . Ukugcina iphrothokholi kanye nokwakhiwa kamuva nomkhiqizi ofanayo kugcina i-stencil, izinhlelo kanye nomlando wokubuyekeza endaweni eyodwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Yomhlangano We-PCB Wesibonelo

Iyini inani elincane kakhulu le-oda lomhlangano we-PCB we-prototype?

I-Highleap yamukela ama-oda okuhlanganisa ama-prototype avela ezingcezu ezi-5 zokwenziwa kwe-PCB, ukuhlanganiswa kanye ne-turnkey PCBA, kuye ngokutholakala kwezingxenye. Akukho inani eliphansi le-oda.

Ungakwazi yini ukuhlanganisa ingxenye ye-BOM kuphela?

Yebo. Maka izingxenye okungafanele zifakwe njenge-DNP ku-BOM kanye nomdwebo wokuhlanganisa. Inani labantu eliyingxenye livamile kumabhodi obufakazi bomqondo noma lapho ingxenye eyodwa yesekethe izohlolwa kamuva.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuhlinzeka ngezingxenye ezithile mina?

Yebo, nge-turnkey engaphelele. Thumela izingxenye ngamalebula abonisa inombolo yengxenye yomenzi kanye nobuningi, bese ugcina amadivayisi azwela umswakama evaliwe. Siqinisekisa irisidi ngokumelene ne-BOM ngaphambi kokuba ukwakhiwa kuhlelwe.

Ingabe amabhodi e-prototype azokwakhiwa ngokuvumelana ne-IPC-A-610?

Umsebenzi wobuciko uhlolwa ku-IPC-A-610. Bhala isigaba esidingekayo esicelweni. Uma ama-prototypes kumele amele umkhiqizo weKlasi 3, sho njalo esigabeni sokucaphuna, ngoba iKlasi 3 lishintsha izindlela zokwamukela, umzamo wokuhlola kanye nezindleko.

Ingabe uyawahlela amabhodi?

Amabhodi angahlelwa uma unikeza ifayela le-firmware, isikhombikubona sohlelo kanye nesinyathelo sokuqinisekisa esilindelekile. Faka ukubuyekezwa kwe-firmware ukuze iqoshwe kanye nokwakhiwa.