Circuit Board Reverse Engineering Services

Bhodhi rinochengetedza mutsetse wekugadzira richishanda rakundikana. Mugadziri wekutanga akavhara muna 2011. Mafaira ekugadzira haana kumbotamiswa. Nzira chete yekufambira mberi - kunze kwekutsiva sisitimu yese nemutengo wenhamba nhanhatu - ndeyekugadzira bhodhi kubva pachikamu chemuviri chichiripo.

Ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu ayo masangano mazhinji ari maari kana achitsvaga masevhisi ekugadzira mabhodhi edunhu . Kwete kuda kuziva zvedzidzo. Dambudziko chairo, nenguva chaiyo yekushanda uye mari chaiyo yakabatana naro.

Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinoitwa nehunyanzvi hwePCB reverse engineering , zvinoita kuti mapurojekiti aome kupfuura zvaanoita, zvisingagoni kudzoserwa, zvinodhura, uye kuti ungasarudza sei mupi webasa asingazokusiyi uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kupfuura pawakatanga.

1. Nei Mabhodhi Achipera Asina Zvinyorwa

Kunzwisisa kuti sei magwaro achinyangarika kunobatsira kuisa tarisiro chaiyo yezvinogona kugadziriswa uye zvisingagoni kugadziriswazve nereverse engineering.

Zvikonzero zvinonyanya kukonzera kuti mafaira ekugadzira asisipo:

• Kuvharwa kwemugadziri wekutanga: Mugadziri wechibvumirano kana imba yekugadzira bhodhi yakavhara, yakatengwa, kana kuti yakamisa chigadzirwa. Mafaira haana kutamiswa - kana kutamiswa zvisina kukwana.
• Kurasikirwa nedata panguva yekuchinja kwemakambani: Kutenga, kubatanidzwa, uye kutamiswa kwezvivakwa ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kurasikirwa kwedata rekugadzira muzvikamu zvemaindasitiri nemidziyo yekurapa. Bhodhi rakagadzirwa muna 1995 ringangodaro rakachinjana maoko katatu munhu asati aziva kuti mafaira acho apera.
• Kunyima nemaune: Vamwe vagadziri vepakutanga vanochengeta mafaira ekugadzira sechinhu chekutengeserana — nzira chete yekuwana mabhodhi ekutsiva ndeyekutenga kubva kuOEM. Circuit board reverse engineering inobvisa kuvimba ikoko.
• Hazvina kumbobvira zvanyorwa pakutanga: Kuchinja kwemaitiro ekugadzira zvinhu kumakambani madiki kunowanzosiya magwaro epamutemo. Mainjiniya akagadzira bhodhi haasisipo, uye chasara iyuniti inoshanda chete hapana chimwezve.
• Mafomati ekusashanda: Mafaira aripo asi ari mushanduro dzesoftware kana mafomati asingachaverengeki nechero chishandiso chiripo — chakarasika mashandiro acho kunyangwe chiripo panyama.

Muzviitiko zvese izvi, bhodhi rechokwadi ndiro sosi huru yechokwadi. Zvese zvinoburitswa nemaitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvinogadziriswazve kubva pauchapupu ihwohwo hwepanyama.

2. Zvinonyatsogadzirwa neSevhisi

Kubatanidzwa kwebhodhi redunhu rekushandura huinjiniya kunogadzira pasuru yakazara yemagwaro - seti imwe chete yemafaira angadai aripo dai bhodhi rakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga. Zvinobuda zvikuru:

Magadzirirwo ehurongwa hwemagetsi ndiwo chinhu chisingaonekwe nevakawanda asi chine hanya nevatengi. Mainjiniya havangoteveri mhangura chete - vanoongorora topology yedunhu: vanoona dhizaini yemagetsi, vanoisa mepu ye processor I/O, vanoteedza analog signal chain, uye vanonyora zviri kuitwa nechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kubviswa kwehurongwa hwemagetsi kunoratidza kubatana pasina kunzwisisa kwebasa kunoita kuti gwaro rive rakakwana asi risingashande pakugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa.

Zvinoreva kusimbiswa kweprototype kwauri: Pakeji yemagwaro inongosimbiswa chete kana bhodhi rakagadzirwa kubva kumafaira eGerber uye rakabatanidzwa kubva kuBOM richishanda zvakafanana nerepakutanga. Chero musiyano - trace isina kurongeka, kukosha kwechikamu chisina kururama, assignment isiriyo - inoonekwa pano, usati wagamuchira mafaira. Pasina kusimbiswa kweprototype, uri kugamuchira kugadziriswa kusina kusimbiswa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinopihwa nesarudzo zvinowanikwa kubva kune vanopa masevhisi akazara:

• Firmware binary (kana inogona kuburitswa zviri pamutemo uye nenzira yehunyanzvi — ona Chikamu 4)
• Mazano ekuchinjana zvikamu zvekare zvine zvakaenzana zvemazuva ano
• Muenzaniso weSTEP 3D wekusimbisa kubatanidzwa kwemakanika
• Mabhodhi ekutsiva akagadzirwa uye akaedzwa sechikamu chekubatanidzwa

3. Zvinhu Zvakaoma: Chii Chinononotsa Basa reProjekiti

Chirongwa chega chega chekugadzira mabhodhi edunhu chinotaridzika zviri nyore kusvika chasashanda. Idzi ndidzo shanduko dzinowedzera nguva uye dzinowedzera mutengo - dzakakosha kuziva usati watumira bhodhi kuti riongororwe.

Kuverengwa kwezvikamu (layer count) ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoderedza mari nenguva. Zvikamu zvekunze zvinotorwa mifananidzo nemaziso. Zvikamu zvemukati zviri pabhodhi rine zvikamu zvina zvichikwira zvinoda X-ray imaging kana CT scanning. Bhodhi rine zvikamu zvisere harisi basa re4× rebhodhi rine zvikamu zviviri — i6–8× nekuda kwekubatana kwezvikamu zviviri kunofanirwa kuteverwa nekusimbiswa musanganiswa wega wega wezvikamu. Kune mabhodhi eHDI ane microvias nema blind/burden vias, CT scanning inodiwa nekuti X-ray haigone kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa kuburikidza nezvivakwa.

Zvikamu zvisina chiratidzo kana kuti zvakagadzirwa nemaoko ndizvo zvisingafungidzike. Kuisa chiratidzo cheIC chakachekwa kana ASIC yakasarudzika isina magwaro eruzhinji zvinogona kuda mazuva ekuongorora mashandiro - kutevedza curve, kuyedza maitiro, uye dzimwe nguva kubvisa capsulation - kuti zvionekwe kuti chikamu chacho chii uye kuti chinoita sei. IC yakasarudzika imwe chete inogona kuwedzera vhiki imwe kusvika mbiri kupurojekiti.

Kukuvadzwa kwebhodhi kunomanikidza kufungidzira panzvimbo pekutarisa. Chiratidzo chakatsva, chikamu chakaora, kana zvikamu zvisipo zvinoda mainjiniya kuti vagadzirezve zvaivepo kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu edunhu rakapoteredza. Uku kutonga kweinjiniya, kwete kuyerwa - kunowedzera kusava nechokwadi uye kunoda kuvimbika kwebasa kuti kusimbise kuti kufungidzira kwacho kwakarurama.

Zvinhu zvinokonzera bhodhi zvinowedzera huwandu hweprojekiti:

• Kupfeka kwakavharidzirwa kana kuti chifukidziro chinofukidza zviratidzo kana zvisaririra zvezvikamu
• Gadzirisa waya kana kucheka maronda anoratidza shanduko dzemumunda (ndeipi shanduro yakarurama?)
• Kuedza kugadzirisa kwakamboitwa kwakachinja dunhu rekutanga
• Kuora kunokonzerwa nehunyoro kana makemikari zvinovhara kubatana kwemapedhi
• Bhodhi remuenzaniso rimwe chete riripo — kana kuongorora zvidimbu zvinoparadza kuchidikanwa, unorasikirwa nechikamu chega chekutarisa

Kupa mabhodhi maviri emuenzaniso — rimwe rekuongorora risingaparadze uye rimwe rinogona kushandiswa pakuongorora nzvimbo dzinoparadza kana zvichidikanwa — kunoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yepurojekiti nenguva.

4. Firmware, ASICs, uye Zvisingagone Kudzoserwa

Ichi ndicho chikamu chinonyanya kudziviswa nemapeji ebasa re reverse engineering board. Chinokosha kupfuura chero chimwe chikamu chekuongorora.

Microcontroller firmware haisi chikamu chePCB — isoftware yakaiswa mumudziyo. Maitiro ekugadzira hardware anogadzirisa dhizaini yehardware zvakakwana uye haataure nezvechirongwa chiri kushanda paMCU. Kana MCU isina chinhu kana kuti yakadzima, bhodhi rakadzokororwa rinotanga kushanda uye harina charinoita. Kubvisa firmware inzira yakasiyana inoda kuverenga kodhi yakarongwa kubva mumudziyo.

Kuti firmware inogona kubviswa here zvinoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kweMCU pakuverenga:

• Hapana dziviriro yekuverenga seti: Firmware inogona kuverengwa zvakananga ne programmer. Yakajairika pamagadzirirwo ekare kubva kuma1990-2000.
• Dziviriro yekuverenga software (RDP): MaMCU mazhinji emazuva ano (STM32, PIC, AVR, nezvimwewo) anobvumira mugadziri wedhijitari kuti aise read-protection bit. Kana yangoiswa, firmware haigone kubviswa neimwe nzira yakajairwa pasina kuparadza mudziyo.
• Kuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi: Zvinhu zvakachengeteka uye maMCU anoshandisirwa crypto zvine matanho ekudzivirira anoita kuti kuburitsa zvinhu kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kana kuti kusagoneke pasina michina yekurabhoritari yakasarudzika inodhura makumi ezviuru zvemadhora pakuedza kwega kwega.

Kana MCU yebhodhi rako iine dziviriro yekuverenga yakagoneswa — iyo inoitiswa nemabhodhi mazhinji ekugadzira — sevhisi ye reverse engineering haigone kubvisa firmware. Magwaro ebhodhi achava akazara uye akarurama, asi MCU ichada kurongwazve nefirmware yauchachengeta kana kugadzira kubva pakutanga.

MaASIC nemaFPGA akagadzirwa nemaoko ane dambudziko rakafanana. Pakeji chaiyo inogona kuzivikanwa, pinout inogona kuratidzwa nekuyedza kushanda, uye interface yeASIC inogona kunyorwa. Asi pfungwa yemukati - zvinoitwa neASIC chaizvo - ibhokisi dema. Bhodhi rakadzokororwa rine ASIC imwechete richashanda nemazvo chero bedzi ASIC yekutanga iripo. Kana ASIC isingachagadzirwe uye isingakwanise kuwanikwa, bhodhi harigone kudzokororwa muchimiro chekushanda zvisinei nekuti magwaro e reverse engineering akakwana sei.

Mhinduro yechokwadi usati watanga chero basa rekugadzira reverse board: Ziva mudziyo wese unogona kurongwa uri pabhodhi, sarudza kana firmware extraction ichidiwa, uye bvunza mupi weprovider zvakananga kuti kugona kwavo uye mwero wekubudirira kwavo ndezvipi kumhuri yako yeMCU. Mupi weprovider anovimbisa firmware extraction yeMCU dzakanyatso verengwa pasina kurambidzwa haasi kukuudza chokwadi.

5. Mutengo uye Nguva: Zvinoenderana neManhamba

Chii chinosundidzira purojekiti kubva pamutengo wepakati kusvika wepamusoro - uye nei:

Rutivi rumwe nerumwe rwebhodhi harisi rwekuwedzera. Rinoda kupasa kwemifananidzo yakasiyana, kudzidzira kwakazara kwekutevera rutivi irworwo, uye kuongororwa kubva kune mamwe ma layer ese. Bhodhi rine ma layer masere rine ma layer-pair angangoita makumi maviri nemasere ekutarisa kubatana — zvichienzaniswa ne1 rebhodhi rine ma layer maviri.

Kugadzirwa kwema prototype uye kusimbiswa kwebasa, kana zvikaiswa muchirongwa, zvinowedzera $500–$3,000 zvichienderana nekuoma kwebhodhi — asi ndiyo chete nzira yekusimbisa kuti kugadziriswa kwakarurama usati watora mafaira acho semuridzi.

Maitiro ekuwana mutengo chaiwo pachikumbiro chekutanga:

Tumira mapikicha emativi ese ebhodhi ane resolution yakakwana kuti uverenge zviratidzo zvezvikamu, saizi yebhodhi uye huwandu hwema layer anoonekwa kubva kumucheto, chero ruzivo rwunozivikanwa nezvebasa rebhodhi kana mugadziri wekutanga, zvinhu zvaunoda (magwaro chete, kana magwaro pamwe nema prototype boards), kana firmware extraction ichidikanwa, uye kuti mangani ma sampuli boards aunogona kupa. Kutumira kusina kukwana kunoita kuti pave nemitengo yakasiyana-siyana yakakura zvekuti haigone kushandiswa.

6. Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kuvharirwa Nemupi Asiri Iye

Chikamu ichi chiripo nekuti kune tsika chaiyo muindasitiri yereverse engineering board iyo inodhura vatengi zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wekutanga wakataurwa - uye zvakakosha kuziva nezvayo usati waendesa bhodhi rako.

Kuvhara mafaira: Vamwe vanopa mabasa vanopa mafaira eGerber anoita seakakwana asi ane zvikanganiso nemaune - zviratidzo zvakaendeswa kumambure asina kunaka, ma-vias asipo, saizi dzemapedhi dzisiridzo - zvinoita kuti bhodhi risagadzirike kune chero mumwe mugadziri asi richiratidzika serakakwana muoni. Nzira chete iyo mutengi anogona kuwana mabhodhi anoshanda ndeyekudzokera kumupi webasa kuti agadzire. Basa re reverse engineering raive rakaderera; markup yekugadzira ndipo panobva mari yacho.

Nzira yekuzvidzivirira nayo:

• Zvinoda kuti mafaira ako anotumirwa ashande nemazvo kune chero mugadziri — isa izvi muchibvumirano chirongwa chisati chatanga.
• Tarisa mafaira eGerber akagamuchirwa muDRC usati wagamuchira kutumirwa kwawo.
• Kusimbiswa kweprototype kune mumwe mugadziri asiri mupi we reverse engineering kunosimbisa kuti mafaira acho akarurama zvechokwadi
• Kumbira mafaira ari mumafomati akavhurika akajairwa (RS-274X Gerber, Excellon drill, native CAD) — mafomati eproprietary anogadzira kuvimba

Ongororo yekuongorora vanopa rubatsiro:

• ☐ NDA yaitwa usati watumira bhodhi — dhizaini yemidziyo yako yemagetsi ipfuma yako yepfungwa uye inofanira kudzivirirwa kubva pakusangana kwekutanga
• ☐ Kugona kwemifananidzo yemukati meimba: high-resolution optical scanning, X-ray, uye CT scanning yemabhodhi akawanda uye HDI
• ☐ Kusimbiswa kwemuenzaniso kunowanikwa kana kuti kunowanikwa sekuwedzera - kugadziriswa kwakasimbiswa nebhodhi rinoshanda, kwete kungoenzanisa nemaziso chete
• ☐ Mumba Kugadzirwa kwePCB uye Gungano kuti zvisimbiswe — zvinoreva kuti mupi anogona kuona kuti mafaira acho akarurama asati aaendesa
• ☐ Mitengo yakajeka ine mitengo yese yakataurwa pakutanga — hapana "mari yekuwedzera yakaoma" inowedzerwa mushure mekunge chirongwa chatanga
• ☐ Component sourcing kugona kwezvikamu zvekare — zvinonyanya kukosha kana BOM yekutanga iine michina yekuguma kwehupenyu
• ☐ Chitupa cheISO 9001 sechinongedzo chemhando yepamusoro

Zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kumisa kuongororwa nekukasika:

• Mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya pane vamwe vanopa rubatsiro vaviri kana kupfuura kune imwe nzvimbo yakafanana — kushomeka kuchaonekwa pane imwe nzvimbo
• Hapana kusimbiswa kwemuenzaniso kunopiwa, kunotsanangurwa se "kusina basa kumabhodhi akareruka" - nguva dzose kunodiwa kuti uve nechivimbo mukuvakazve
• Kusada kuzvipira kumafomu akajairwa emafaira ari muchibvumirano
• Hapana maitiro eNDA — mupi webasa asingadi kusaina chibvumirano chekuchengetedza zvakavanzika asati agamuchira bhodhi rako rezvemitemo haasi kudzivirira zvaunofarira

7. Highleap's Circuit Board Reverse Engineering Services

Highleap Electronics inopa masevhisi ekugadzira mabhodhi edunhu kubva kumagumo kusvika kumagumo nekugadzirwa kwakabatana — kuongorora mabhodhi kuburikidza nekusimbisa mashandiro ari pasi pedenga rimwe chete.

Chii chinoita kuti kugona kwakabatana kuve chinhu chinokosha: Kana mupi weruzivo rwekugadzira mafaira akagadziriswazve achigadzira uye achiunganidza muenzaniso wacho, anokurudzirwa kuti agadzire mafaira nemazvo — maitiro avo ekugadzira anosimbisa basa racho. Vapi veruzivo vanongonyora uye vanogadzira mafaira ekunze chete vane mukana wekusagadzikana wekupa mhinduro panyaya yekururama kwemafaira.

Ongororo yekugona:

• Kuongorora bhodhi: Kuskena kwemaziso kwepamusoro-soro, X-ray kuongorora, uye CT scanning yemabhodhi anosvika 16+ layers kusanganisira HDI ine mapofu/akavigwa kuburikidza nezvivakwa
• Schematic extraction: Kugadziriswazve kwedunhu rese neruzivo rwemabhuroko anoshanda — kwete kungogadzira mepu yekubatanidza chete
• Kugadzirwazve kweBOM: Kuzivikanwa kwezvikamu zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvakagadzirwa neasina chiratidzo; kutsvaga zvikamu zvekare nemazano emazuva ano ekutsiva
• Kuvakazve marongerwo enzvimbo: Mafaira eGerber, mafaira ekuboorera, data rekusarudza nekuisa mumafomati akavhurika akajairwa — rakasimbiswa kuti rakarurama kune chero mugadziri
• Kusimbiswa kwemuenzaniso: Mabhodhi akagadzirwa uye akabatanidzwa mukati; kushanda kushanda zvinopesana nemaitiro ekutanga ebhodhi usati waendesa mafaira
• Kudzivirirwa: NDA yakaitwa isati yapihwa risiti yebhodhi; ISO 9001:2015 yakasimbiswa
• Nemakore: Mavhiki 3–8 zvichienderana nekuoma kwemidziyo; basa rekumhanya-mhanya riripo kana michina yako yave kushanda panguva yekusashanda zvakanaka

Kumbira Mutengo weReverse Engineering

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Nderupi ruzivo rwandinofanira kupa kuti ndiwane mutengo we reverse engineering board wedunhu?

Mifananidzo yemativi ese ebhodhi ine resolution yakakwana yekuverenga zviratidzo zvezvikamu, saizi dzebhodhi dzinofungidzirwa uye huwandu hwema layer kubva kumucheto, chero ruzivo rwunozivikanwa nezvemugadziri wekutanga kana basa, zvinhu zvaunoda (magwaro chete kana magwaro pamwe nema prototype boards), kana firmware extraction ichidikanwa, uye kuti mangani ma sampuli board aripo. Kutumira kwakazara kunogadzira makotesheni akarurama; kutumira kusina kukwana kunogadzira huwandu hwakakura zvekuti hazvifanirwe kuenzanisa kana kuita chimwe chinhu.

Ko bhodhi redunhu rinogona kudzosera basa reinjiniya rinogona kubvisa firmware kubva ku microcontroller here?

Kana chete MCU isina dziviriro yekuverengwa yakavhurika. Midziyo yekare kubva kuma1990 kusvika kuma2000 inowanzova isina dziviriro yekuverengwa uye firmware inogona kuverengwa zvakananga neprogrammer. Mazhinji emhando dzeMCU dzemazuva ano — STM32, PIC, AVR, nedzimwe mhuri dzakafanana — ane mabhiti ekudzivirira kuverengwa akaiswa panguva yekugadzira. Kana yangoiswa, kubviswa kwefirmware hakugoneki nenzira dzakajairwa. Mupi wevimbiso yekubvisa firmware yemidziyo yakachengetedzwa isina humbowo haasi kunyatsojeka. Ziva mhuri yeMCU uye mamiriro ekudzivirira kuverengwa usati wafunga kuti firmware inogona kudzoserwa.

Chii chinoitika kana chimwe chinhu chiri pabhodhi chisisakwanise kutengwa?

Maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvinodzokera shure anonyora zvinodiwa nechikamu chacho — maparamita emagetsi, mhando yepakeji, pinout, uye basa. Neruzivo irworwo, zvikamu zvemazuva ano zvakaenzana zvinogona kuzivikanwa. Kazhinji, pane chinotsiva chinoshanda chakafanana kubva mukugadzirwa kwazvino. Kunze kweASIC dzakagadzirirwa chigadzirwa chekutanga — kana ASIC isipo uye isingakwanise kuwanikwazve, bhodhi harigone kudzokororwazve pasina dhizaini itsva inotsiva basa reASIC ne programmable logic kana circuit yakaenzana. Uku kushanda kweinjiniya kwakasiyana, kwete chikamu che standard circuit board reverse engineering.

Ndingaziva sei kuti mafaira e reverse engineered akarurama chaizvo?

Kusimbiswa kwega kwechokwadi ndeyekusimbisa bhodhi kubva kumafaira eGerber akavakwazve, kuribatanidza neBOM yakavakwazve, uye kusimbisa kuti rinoshanda zvakafanana nerekutanga. Kuenzanisa mifananidzo yebhodhi nehurongwa hwakavakwazve kunobata zvikanganiso zvakakura asi kunoshaya matambudziko ekubatana anongoonekwa chete kana bhodhi rakagadzirwa. Inoda kusimbiswa kwebhodhi semamiriro ekutumira, kwete imwe yekuwedzera.

Ko reverse engineering ibhodhi redunhu remukwikwidzi here?

Kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi nekushandisa nzira dzakasiyana, kutsiva, kana kuongorora makwikwi kwakajairika zviri pamutemo munzvimbo zhinji, kusanganisira United States neEuropean Union, pasi pemitemo yekushandiswa kwakarurama uye kodzero yekugadzirisa. Zvisinei, kukopa chigadzirwa chemukwikwidzi kuti chitengeswe - kunyanya kana chichitevedzera maitiro ekutengeserana kana kutyora zvikumbiro zvepatent - inyaya yakasiyana. Kuva pamutemo kweprojekiti chero ipi zvayo kunoenderana nekutonga, chinangwa, uye mamiriro epfuma yepfungwa yedhizaini yekutanga. Bvunza gweta usati waenderera mberi nemapurojekiti ekuongorora makwikwi.

Mabhodhi mangani emuenzaniso andinofanira kutumira kuti aongororwe?

Tumirai maviri kana muchikwanisa. Bhodhi rimwe chete rinogona kuchengeterwa ongororo isingaparadze; rechipiri rinogona kushandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu zvinoparadza kana mifananidzo yemukati ichida izvozvo. Kana paine bhodhi rimwe chete riripo, zivisai mupi webasa pakutanga - izvi zvinoderedza sarudzo dzekuongorora uye zvinogona kukanganisa nguva nemutengo. Kune bhodhi uko pasina chinhu chinoshanda chinosara (muenzaniso wakakuvara kana usina kukwana chete), ipai ruzivo irworwo muchikumbiro chekutanga chemutengo kuitira kuti chiyero chiratidze kuoma kwekuvakazve.