Kurukwa kwegirazi rePCB: Kudzora dhizaini, zvinhu uye kugadzira

Kurukwa kwegirazi rePCB kunoitika nekuti girazi rakarukwa neresin zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe dielectric. Chidimbu kana kuti differential pair inogona kuenzanisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwegirazi neresin, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano wenzvimbo mukushanda kweDk, kunonoka uye impedance.

Highleap Electronics haigadziri machira egirazi kana laminate. Isu tinogadzira maPCB nemaPCBA tichishandisa zvinhu zvakatenderwa nevatengi, uye tinobatsira kudzora magadzirirwo egirazi, stackup, panel orientation, routing assumptions uye test coupons.

Ko mhedzisiro yekuruka kwegirazi inokosha paPCB yega yega here? Kwete. Zvinova zvakakosha kana mwero wedata, kureba kwakasiyana, geometry yepeya, ukobvu hwe dielectric uye patani yegirazi zvichigadzira maitiro ane musoro ekutsveyama, kusvetuka kana kutenderera. Njodzi inofanira kuongororwa, kwete kufungidzira kana kufuratirwa.

Chii Chinokonzera Mhedzisiro Yekuruka Kwegirazi rePCB?

Ma PCB dielectric layers ma composite structures. Magirazi bundles anowanzova neDk yakakwira kupfuura resin yakapoteredza . Kana conductor imwe yakagara pamusoro pegirazi rakawanda uye imwe pamusoro peresin rakawanda, kunonoka kwavo kupararira kunogona kusiyana. Mapatani egirazi enguva nenguva anogonawo kugadzira impedance variation uye resonances.

Pakati pe differential pair

MaDk akasiyana emunharaunda anogona kugadzira skew yemukati mepair uye kushandurwa kwemode.

Pamwe chete

Kurodha kwe dielectric nguva nenguva kunogona kugadzira maficha anonzwika mukupinza kana kurasikirwa kwekudzoka.

Pakati penzvimbo dzekugadzira

Magadzirirwo egirazi, huwandu hwe resin uye shanduko dzemagadzirirwo zvinogona kushandura mhedzisiro yemagetsi.

Pakati pemakona ekufambisa

Kona yekuteedzera inochinja kuti mafambiro emagetsi anoyambuka sei magirazi nemahwindo eresin kakawanda.

Kudzokorora ndiyo bvunzo huru yekugadzira. Muenzaniso unogona kushanda kunyangwe kana hwindo rekuita basa rakakura, asi kugadzirwa kwehuwandu kunoratidza kusiyana kwezvinhu, kugoverwa kwemhangura, kurodha uye kuputira mapaneru. Tinoisa ongororo yenzira nematanho, kuteverwa kwekuvakwa kwezvinhu, kuronga kurongeka kwemakuponi ekurasikirwa uye kusimbiswa kwechimiro chegirazi mukuburitswa kwekugadzirwa kuti tipe kuenzanisa kwakasimba pakati pezvinhu.

Kana Kurukwa Kwegirazi Kwava Njodzi Yekugadzira

• Mapairi marefu akasiyana-siyana pamitengo yakakwira yedata.
• Matanda matete e dielectric uko zviratidzo zvinonyatsoratidza shanduko yegirazi/resin yemuno.
• Kubatana kwakasiyana-siyana kunobvumira trace yega yega kusangana nenzvimbo yakasiyana ye dielectric.
• Magirazi akavhurika ane mahwindo makuru eresin.
• Nzira dzine skew kana jitter margin diki kwazvo.
• Zvivakwa zvine resonant yepamusoro-soro kana kuti phase-matched.

Kuwanda kwemashoko emusoro wenyaya hakukwani. Kureba kwepairi, nguva yekukwira, kubatana, kukwira kwegirazi uye nzira yekufambisa zvinhu zvinosarudza njodzi inoshanda.

Kudzokorora ndiyo bvunzo huru yekugadzira. Muenzaniso unogona kushanda kunyangwe kana hwindo rekugadzirisa rakafara, asi kugadzirwa kwehuwandu kunoratidza kusiyana kwezvinhu, kugoverwa kwemhangura, kurodha uye kuputira mapaneru. Tinoisa kuronga kwemakuponi ekutsveyamisa kana kurasikirwa, kusimbiswa kwegirazi, kuongorora nzira uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu uye kuteverwa kwekuvakwa kwezvinhu mukuburitswa kwekugadzira kuti tipe kuenzanisa kwakasimba pakati pezvinhu.

Njodzi inowedzera kana differential pair yakareba zvakakwana kuti zviratidzo zviviri zvikwanise kuona nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzegirazi neresin, kana dielectric iri diki, kana kuti nguva yacho yatove diki. Nzira pfupi dzemuno dzingasakodzere kuvaka kwegirazi repamusoro. Saka sarudzo yacho inofanira kushandisa kureba kwenzira, kurongeka kwepair, maitiro egirazi, huwandu hweresin uye skew inobvumirwa pane kushandisa mutemo mumwe chete kune yega yega PCB inomhanya zvakanyanya.

Zviratidzo zveMagetsi zveMhedzisiro yeGlasi Yekuruka

Kukosha kwedata remagetsi hakukwani kana bvunzo dzemagetsi dzisingakwanise kuona mutsetse wenzira kana kuti jira repair-to-pair kana kuvhara kwemaziso kwakaoma kudzokororwa. Ongororo yacho inofanira kushandisa core chaiyo kana prepreg, copper profile, finished thickness uye via route. Apa ndipo panodzivirira mutengi kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kuti akwanise kududzira magwaro akawanda emutengesi ari ega.

Mashandisirwo edata remagetsi haana kukwana kana bvunzo dzemagetsi dzisingakwanise kuona mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakati pema prototype lots kana nhema dzekuvimba nekushandisa huwandu hweDk chete. Ongororo yacho inofanira kushandisa core chaiyo kana prepreg, copper profile, finished thickness uye via route. Apa ndipo panodzivirira mutengi kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kuti asakwanise kududzira magwaro akawanda emutengesi ari ega.

Maitiro Avagadziri Vanoderedza Mhedzisiro Yekuruka Kwegirazi

1. shandisa girazi rakapararira kana rakarukwa zvakasimba: inoderedza mahwindo makuru ane resin yakawanda.
2. funga girazi reDk rakaderera: inoderedza musiyano weDk pakati pegirazi neresin.
3. Nzira iri pakona yakadzorwa: inogona kuchinja pakati penzvimbo, asi kona inofanira kuongororwa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro inogona kuitika nguva nenguva.
4. Wedzera musiyano wekubatanidza: Peya yakabatana zvakanyanya inogona kuderedza kunzwa kwekusawirirana kwenzvimbo.
5. Sarudza nzvimbo yekutsvaira nemaune: Maumbirwo akabatana padivi nepamucheto anoita zvakasiyana.
6. Isa skew mubhajeti rechiteshi: maficha edeskew haafanire kutsiva kudzora kwestackup.

Kutenderera kwemavara nekona isina kurongeka hakusi mushonga wepasi rose. Kureba kwemavara, girazi uye bandwidth yechinangwa zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo.

Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehunyanzvi muchikamu chino hazvigone kuongororwa zvakazvimirira. Kuchinja kwekugoverwa kwegirazi neresin kunogona kuchinja mhedzisiro yekutarisa kwe differential-pair, nepo kugadzirwa kwegirazi rakapararira uye ukobvu hwe dielectric hwakadzvanywa zvichikanganisa geometry uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoonekwa pabhodhi rapera. Highleap inoongorora kuvakwa chaiko kwekugadzira saka stackup uye muripo zvinobva pazvinhu zvinotengwa kwete mienzaniso yemazita.

Nzira dzekuderedza dambudziko dzine mitengo nemiganhu yakasiyana. Nzira dzinotenderera dzinogona kuderedza kurongeka kudzokororwa nekuruka asi zvinogona kuoma kuisa uye kuisa mapaneru. Mavara akafara kana nzvimbo dzakamanikana dzinochinja kupindirana uye kutaura kwakabatana. Zvinhu zvakapararira negirazi zvinoderedza kusawirirana kwenzvimbo asi zvinogona kuderedza sarudzo dzezvinhu zvinotenderwa. Highleap inoongorora sarudzo idzi zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwacho kuitira kuti nzira yakasarudzwa irambe ichigadzirwa uye ichidzokororwa.

Kugadziriswa kwePCB Kunokanganisa Sei Kudzora Kuruka Kwegirazi?

Mugadziri ndiye anodzora kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo emukati/akagadzirwa kare anoshandiswa kutenga, kuti mapaneru anotarisana sei, kuti ukobvu hwe dielectric hunodzvanywa sei uye kuti shanduko dze stackup dzinogadziriswa sei. Chinyorwa chekugadzira chinoti "zvinhu zvinorasikirwa zvishoma" chete hachidzore kuruka kwegirazi.

Kudzora kugadzirwa kweHighleap

• simbisa magadzirirwo chaiwo egirazi uye huwandu hwe resin kana zvataurwa;
• kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa zvakatenderwa uye kurongeka kwekutevera zvinhu;
• kurongeka kwepaneru yekudzora uko kona yekufambisa inoenderana negwara rekukombama/kuzadza;
• kuyera ukobvu hwekupedzisira uye impedance;
• Gadzira makuponi anomiririra ekuyedza skew kana S-parameter kana zvichidikanwa.

Magadzirirwo akasiyana anoda mahwindo akasiyana ekugadzirisa zvinhu. Ukobvu hwebhodhi, kemikari yezvinhu, kuenzana kwemhangura, magadzirirwo emaburi uye saizi yepaneru zvinogona kuchinja mamiriro ekugadzirira, kudzvanya uye kuputira. Mainjiniya akapihwa anoronga CAM, kugadzirwa uye mhando kuitira kuti mutengi agamuchire mhinduro imwe chete yekugadzira panzvimbo pemibvunzo yakasiyana kubva kudhipatimendi rega rega.

Chikumbiro chekugona chinokosha chete kana chakabatana nenzira inodzorwa nechitoro. Highleap inobatanidza kurongeka kwekuvakwa kwezvinhu, kuronga kwekuponi inomira kana kurasikirwa, kusimbiswa kwenzira yegirazi uye kuongororwa kwematanho uye stackup kune inspector inouya, lamination, drilling, plating, imaging uye kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira. Kurongeka chaiko kunoramba kuri pasi pekuvakwa kwezvinhu zvakatenderwa uye bhodhi.

Migumisiro yeKuregeredza Kurukwa muKutenga

• Chinhu chinotsiva "Dk/Df" chimwe chete chinogona kushandisa girazi rakasiyana.
• Kuchinja kugadzirwa kwegirazi pakati penzvimbo kunogona kuchinja magadzirirwo emagirazi aripo.
• Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwe resin yePrepreg kunogona kuchinja musanganiswa we dielectric uye ukobvu hwakadzvanywa.
• Kutenderera kwepaneru panguva yeCAM kunogona kukanganisa nzira yekuderedza mafambiro emuchina.
• Kushandisa avhareji yehuwandu hweDk chete kunogona kuvanza kusawirirana kwemusiyano wenzvimbo.

Kudzokorora kugadzirwa kunounza imwe njodzi: imwe inogona kushandisa imwe nzira yekuvaka iripo asi iyo mhando yezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro isingachinji. Highleap inonyora zvakatenderwa zve stackup, copper, process assumptions uye nzira yekuongorora kuitira kuti prototypes nekugadzirwa zvienzaniswe zvichienderana nehukuru hwakafanana hwekuburitswa.

Mhinduro yakakura yakadai sekusunga kushivirira kwese kunowanzo paradza. Chiito chakarurama chinoenderana nekuti chikonzero chikuru chiri kudzvanywa kwe dielectric thick, kugoverwa kwegirazi ne resin, kurongeka kwe differential-pair kana kugadzirwa kwe spread-glass. Kudzora kwakanangana kunovandudza goho uye kunoita kuti chikonzero chikuru chitevedzerwe pasina kushandura mufananidzo wese kuita nzira inodhura zvisingadiwi.

Kutsigira kweHighleap High-Speed ​​PCB nePCBA

Highleap inotsigira ma "controlled stackups", zvinhu zvisinganyanyi kurasikirwa, magirazi e "low-Dk" akagadzirwa, "controlled impedance", HDI, back drilling , "fine-line" uye "high-speed coupon testing". Pakugadzira, tinodzora "warpage", "fine-pitch placement", "connector insertion" uye "viewing" kuitira kuti "produced channel" isasvibiswe panguva yePCBA.

Nyaya iyi inobatsira kana ikashandiswa kuita sarudzo yekugadzira. Highleap inoongorora kugadzirwa kwegirazi rakapararira, ukobvu hwe dielectric yakadzvanywa, kugoverwa kwegirazi ne resin yemuno uye kurongeka kwe differential-pair, yobva yanyora mhedzisiro yakabvumiranwa mu stackup, nzira yekushanda uye chirongwa chekuongorora. Kutenga kunowana mhinduro yakajeka uye yekukosha kwete tsananguro yedzidziso chete.

Ruzivo rwekutanga rwakawanda rwuripo kare mumafaira ekugadzira eGerber kana PCB. Mainjiniya wedu anoona chero chinhu chisina kugadziriswa, anobatanidza masaini edu, zvinhu, mainjiniya eCAM uye ekugadzira uye anongobvunza mutengi chete nezvesarudzo dzinokanganisa mashandiro, hunhu, mutengo kana purogiramu.

Tumira Mafaira ePCB; Mainjiniya Wedu Achaongorora Njodzi Yekuruka

Hamufanirwe kugadzirira mibvunzo yakakosha yegirazi. Tumirai mafaira eGerber kana mafaira ePCB kutanga. Zvinyorwa zviripo zvekuunganidza kana zvekugadzira zvinogona kuramba zviri mupakeji yekugadzira ; hapana chikonzero chekuzvikopa.

Highleap inoshandura dhizaini kuita zvidzoreso zvekugadzira zvinoshanda

Mainjiniya weHighleap akazvipira achashanda nemi mumwe nemumwe uye achaongorora nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa data, kuvaka kwezvikamu, uye mwero wedata unotarisirwa nechikwata chedu chePCB chinomhanya zvakanyanya. Tichaona kana magadzirirwo egirazi, kurongeka kwepaneru, kona yekufambisa data kana kudzora mamwe makuponi kuchidikanwa kukurukurwa. Sarudzo dzisipo chete ndidzo dzichadzoserwa kwamuri.

Danho rekutanga rekutaura mashoko rakareruka nemaune: tumira mafaira eGerber kana mafaira ekugadzira ePCB. Kana zvinyorwa zvekugadzira neruzivo rwekuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvatovepo, hazvidi kuti zvikoperwe mune imwe fomu. Mainjiniya weHighleap akazvipira anoongorora data uye anoronga nyanzvi dzinodiwa.

Mutengo weKuderedza Kurukwa kweGirazi

Magirazi akapararira, girazi reDK shoma, zvivakwa zvinodzorwa , zvirambidzo zvekutarisa uye makuponi ekuyedza akasarudzika zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo wezvinhu kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwepaneru. Sarudzo chaiyo yakavakirwa panjodzi yakayerwa. Kunyatsotsanangura magadzirirwo egirazi pane imwe neimwe layer kunogona kuwedzera mutengo pasina kuvandudza chiteshi.

Mabhodhi maviri ane saizi yakafanana uye nhamba yezvikamu zvakafanana anogona kuva nemitengo yakasiyana. Kuenzanisa kwakakodzera hakusi mutengo wezvinhu chete, asi nzira yekugadzira, mutoro wekuongorora, goho rinotarisirwa uye huwandu hwebasa reinjiniya kana rehunyanzvi rinodiwa kuti riburitswe.

Goho rinofanira kutariswa kubva pamuenzaniso kusvika pahuwandu. Zvinhu zvine chekuita nemigumisiro yakasiyana pakati pezvikamu zvemuenzaniso kana kucheka kwenzira kubva pamutsetse kuenda kumutsetse kana kuti kucheka kwezvikamu zviviri kusvika zviviri zvinogona kuwedzera marara, kugadziriswa patsva uye kurasikirwa kwezvikamu. Kuvakwa kwakanyorwa kwakasimba kunowanzova nemutengo wakaderera pane dhizaini yakasimba inoda kuchinjwa kakawanda mushure mekubatanidzwa.

Dzora Kuvaka, Kwete Mhuri Yezvinhu Chete

Mugumisiro wekuruka kwegirazi ibasa rekubatanidza pakati pekugadzirwa kwe dielectric ne trace geometry. Highleap inobatsira vatengi kushandura nzira yekuderedza njodzi kuita stackup yakaburitswa, kurongeka kwepaneru uye chirongwa chekuyedza.

Kudzokorora ndiyo bvunzo huru yekugadzira. Muenzaniso unogona kushanda kunyangwe kana hwindo rekugadzirisa rakafara, asi kugadzirwa kwehuwandu kunoratidza kusiyana kwezvinhu, kugoverwa kwemhangura, kurodha uye kuputira mapaneru. Tinoisa kurongeka kwekuvakwa kwezvinhu, kuronga kurongeka kwekunge zvinhu zvikasashanda kana kurasikirwa, kusimbiswa kwegirazi uye routing uye kuongorora stackup mukuburitswa kwekugadzirwa kuti tipe kuenzanisa kwakasimba pakati pezvinhu.

Kukosha kwedata remagetsi hakukwani kana bvunzo dzemagetsi dzisingakwanise kuona kuvhara kwemaziso kwakaoma kuburitsa kana mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakati pema prototype lots. Ongororo yacho inofanira kushandisa core chaiyo kana prepreg, copper profile, finished thickness uye via route. Apa ndipo panodzivirira mutengi kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kuti asakwanise kududzira magwaro akawanda emutengesi ari ega.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Ko PCB glass weave effect yakafanana nekurasikirwa ne dielectric here?

Kwete. Chinhu chinowanzova chisina kufanana chinogona kukonzera skew, mode conversion, impedance variation uye resonances.

Ko ma "differential pairs" anotenderera anogara achigadzirisa dambudziko here?

Kwete. Kutenderera kunogona kubatsira paavhareji ye dielectric, asi kona, kureba kwetrace, pitch yegirazi uye bandwidth zvinofanirwa kuongororwa.

Chii chinonzi girazi rakapararira?

Machira egirazi ane faibha yakafanana uye mahwindo madiki ane resin yakawanda kupfuura akarukwa akavhurika.

Ko fekitari yePCB inogona kuvimbisa kuti hapana kuskewa kwesimbi here?

Hapana fekitari chaiyo inofanira kuvimbisa zero. Njodzi yacho inogona kuderedzwa uye kusimbiswa nemiganhu yakatarwa uchishandisa kuvaka kwakarongwa uye makuponi.

Ko Highleap inogadzira machira egirazi here?

Kwete. Tinogadzira maPCB tichishandisa ma laminates akatarwa uye tinodzora kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa.

Chii chandinofanira kutumira Highleap kana ndichinetseka nezve girazi rakarukwa?

Tumira mafaira eGerber kana mafaira ekugadzira maPCB emuno kutanga. Mainjiniya wedu achaongorora nzira yekufambisa nekubatanidza zvinhu nechikwata chePCB chinomhanya uye achakumbira chete kana paine miganhu yekushanda isina kujeka kana sarudzo dzezvinhu.