Izindinganiso ze-IPC zezimfuneko ze-PCB

Izindinganiso ze-IPC zinikeza isisekelo sokuchaza ikhwalithi ye-PCB, umsebenzi wobuciko, izindlela zokuhlola, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ngokwemigomo yokukhiqiza esebenzayo, zisebenza njengezindinganiso zekhwalithi ye-PCB eziqashelwa kabanzi ezisiza ukuvumelanisa ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokwamukelwa kokugcina nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezicacile. Ekukhiqizweni kwebhodi eqinile, izindinganiso ze-IPC ezivame ukubhekiselwa kuzo ze-PCB zifaka phakathi i-IPC-A-600, i-IPC-6012, kanye ne-IPC-A-610.

Ngayinye yalezi zindinganiso ze-IPC PCB isebenza esigabeni esihlukile senqubo. I-IPC-A-600 ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwamukelekeni kwamabhodi aphrintiwe angenalutho. I-IPC-6012 ichaza izidingo zokufaneleka nokusebenza kwamabhodi aphrintiwe aqinile. I-IPC-A-610 isebenza ekuhlanganisweni kwe-elekthronikhi ngemva kokuba izingxenye sezifakiwe futhi zahlanganiswa. Uma zisetshenziswa kahle, lezi zindinganiso ze-elekthronikhi ze-IPC zisiza ekunciphiseni izingxabano zekhwalithi, zithuthukise ukuhambisana, futhi zisekele ukuxhumana okucacile kwezobuchwepheshe kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa.

Kwa-Highleap Electronic, izidingo ze-IPC ziyahlolwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhodi, ikhono lenqubo, ukulawulwa kokuhlolwa, kanye nezinhloso zokuthembeka kokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ahilela ukwenziwa kwe-PCB , ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PCB , izakhiwo ezinabantu abaningi njenge- HDI PCB , noma imiklamo ebalulekile yesignali edinga ukulawulwa kwe-impedance.

1. Izindinganiso Eziyinhloko ze-IPC Ezisetshenziswa Kumaphrojekthi e-PCB

Imibhalo ye-IPC evame ukubhekiselwa kuyo kumaphrojekthi e-PCB ifaka okulandelayo:

• IPC-A-600 - Ukwamukelwa kwamabhodi aphrintiwe
• IPC-6012 - Ukufaneleka kanye nencazelo yokusebenza kwamabhodi aprintiwe aqinile
• IPC-A-610 - Ukwamukelwa kwezinhlangano ze-elekthronikhi
• I-IPC-2221 / IPC-2222 - Izinga elijwayelekile lokuklama kanye nezinga lokuklama lesigaba samabhodi aqinile
• IPC-7711/7721 - Ukulungisa, ukulungisa, nokulungisa izinhlangano ze-elekthronikhi
• IPC-2581 - Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha yomkhiqizo wedijithali yokukhiqiza

Ndawonye, ​​la madokhumenti akha ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yezindinganiso ze-IPC esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB nasekukhiqizweni kwe-electronic assembly. Kuma-oda amaningi e-PCB aqinile, i-IPC-A-600 kanye ne-IPC-6012 yizindinganiso eziyinhloko. Uma iphrojekthi ihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa, i-IPC-A-610 nayo iyadingeka ngoba ilawula umsebenzi kanye nokwamukelwa esigabeni samabhodi anabantu abaningi. Izidingo ezihlobene nomklamo zingadinga futhi ukuhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo zokuklama nezakhiwo ze-PCB lapho ukuhlanganiswa, ukukhiqizwa, isikhala, noma ukusebenza kwe-impedance kumele kuchazwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokwenziwa.

2. I-IPC-A-600 kanye ne-IPC-6012 Azishintshisani

I-IPC-A-600 kanye ne-IPC-6012 zivame ukubhekiselwa ndawonye, ​​kodwa zibhekana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezahlukene.

I-IPC-A-600 isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwamukelwa okubonakalayo kwamabhodi aphrintiwe angenalutho. Inikeza isiqondiso sezimo ezifana nokubukeka kwendandatho ehlanganisiwe, amaphutha omqhubi, ikhwalithi yokubopha, izimo ze-laminate, izinkinga zemaski yokubopha, kanye nekhwalithi yemigodi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungenayo, ukuhlolwa kwenqubo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwebhodi elingenalutho.

I-IPC-6012 ibhekana nezidingo zokufaneleka kanye nokusebenza kwama-PCB aqinile. Ububanzi bayo bubanzi kunokuhlola okubonakalayo. Isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi ibhodi eliqinile liyahlangabezana yini nokwakhiwa okudingekayo, ukuhambisana, kanye nezinga lokusebenza lokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.

Ngakho-ke, i-IPC-A-600 akufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni se-IPC-6012. Ekulawuleni ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo, i-IPC-A-600 isekela ukwamukelwa kokuhlolwa, kuyilapho i-IPC-6012 isekela izidingo zokwenziwa nokusebenza kwe-PCB eqinile eqediwe. Ezinkampanini eziqhathanisa amazinga e-IPC e-PCB, lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba ukwamukelwa okubonakalayo kanye neziqu zokusebenza akuzona izidingo ezifanayo.

3. I-IPC-A-610 Isebenza Kumabhodi Ahlanganisiwe, Hhayi Ama-PCB Angenalutho

I-IPC-A-610 iyasebenza ngemva kokuba ibhodi selihlanganisiwe. Yindinganiso esetshenziswa ukuhlola ukwamukelwa kwezinhlangano ze-elekthronikhi futhi ivame ukubhekiselwa kumajoyinti e-solder, ukubekwa kwezingxenye, i-polarity, izimo zomthofu, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamabhodi agcwele abantu.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-IPC-A-610 akuyona indinganiso eyinhloko ye-oda le-PCB elingenalutho. Uma okulethwayo kuyibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe engahlanganisiwe, izinkomba eziyinhloko zihlala ziyi-IPC-A-600 kanye ne-IPC-6012. Uma okulethwayo kuyi-PCBA egcwele abantu, i-IPC-A-610 iba yingxenye yohlaka lokwamukelwa kanye nezidingo zebhodi elingenalutho ezisebenzayo.

Lo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi asuka ekukhiqizweni kwebhodi aye ekuhlanganisweni nasekuhlolweni okugcwele. Uhlaka lwekhwalithi oluhambisanayo kufanele luhlanganise ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuqinisekiswa ndawonye, ​​​​kufaka phakathi izilawuli zenqubo ezifana nokuhlolwa okuphelele kanye nokuhlolwa uma kudingeka ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizo. Phakathi kwezindinganiso zamanje ze-elekthronikhi ze-IPC, i-IPC-A-610 isalokhu ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zomsebenzi wokuhlanganiswa kanye nokwamukelwa komkhiqizo wokugcina.

4. I-IPC Class 2 kanye ne-Class 3 Kufanele Zicaciswe Ngokucacile

Amakilasi e-IPC achaza izinga lokuthembeka elilindelekile lomkhiqizo oqediwe. Ikilasi elikhethiwe lithinta izindlela zokwenza umsebenzi kanye nokulindelwe kokuhlolwa, ngakho-ke kufanele lishiwo ngokucacile kumadokhumenti obuchwepheshe.

Isigaba sesi-2 sivame ukucaciswa ngemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ezinikele edinga ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi. Lesi sigaba sisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezezimboni, ezokuxhumana, ezinsimbini, kanye nakweze-elekthronikhi zezentengiselwano ezijwayelekile.

Isigaba sesi-3 sisetshenziswa lapho izidingo zokusebenza ziqinile khona futhi ukuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sigaba sivame ukukhethwa emikhiqizweni esebenza ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukubekezelela ukwehluleka kuphansi khona.

Ikilasi elifanele kufanele lifaniswe nesidingo sangempela sesevisi yomkhiqizo. Ikilasi eliphakeme kufanele lichazwe kuphela lapho livunyelwe khona ngokobuchwepheshe, njengoba izidingo eziqinile zingathinta ukulawulwa kwenqubo, imikhawulo yokuhlola, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Empeleni, ukukhethwa kwekilasi le-IPC kungenye yezinto ezinquma ukuthi lezi zindinganiso zekhwalithi ye-PCB zizosetshenziswa ngokuqinile kangakanani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokwamukelwa.

5. Okufanele Kubizwe Kuma-RFQ, Imidwebo kanye Nemibhalo Yokuthenga

Izidingo ze-IPC kufanele zibhalwe ngokucacile ku-RFQ, umdwebo wokukhiqiza, amanothi okuhlanganisa, noma imininingwane yokuthenga. Izitatimende ezijwayelekile ezifana nokuthi “yakha ngokwezindinganiso ze-IPC” azanele ukulawula ukukhiqiza noma ukwamukelwa kokugcina.

Lapho kufanele khona, iphakheji yobuchwepheshe kufanele ichaze:

• inombolo eqondile yedokhumenti ye-IPC
• izinga lekilasi elidingekayo
• kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oda lingelama-PCB angenalutho noma ama-PCBA ahlanganisiwe
• izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo
• ukujiya kwebhodi kanye nesisindo sethusi
• isiphetho sendawo
• izidingo zokuhlolwa kukagesi
• izidingo zokuthembeka okukhethekile, ezemvelo, noma zokusebenza

Isibonelo, i-oda lebhodi elingenalutho eliqinile lingacacisa i-IPC-6012 ngeklasi elichaziwe, kuyilapho ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kungadinga i-IPC-A-610 ukuze kwamukelwe ukuhlanganiswa. Uma ukwakheka kufaka phakathi umzila we-fine-pitch, ama-microvia, noma ama-dense stack-up, amanothi okwenziwa kufanele futhi ahlale ehambisana nobuchwepheshe bebhodi elikhethiwe kanye nekhono lenqubo, kufaka phakathi izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe njengokwakhiwa kwe-HDI kanye nezidingo ze-impedance ezilawulwayo.

Ukubiza okunembile kubalulekile ngoba amazinga ahlukene e-IPC PCB alawula izigaba ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Amadokhumenti acacile anciphisa ukungaqondakali futhi asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umenzi usebenza ngezinga lobuchwepheshe nelokuhlola elifanele kusukela ekuqaleni.

6. Amaphutha Avamile Ekucacisweni Kwe-IPC kanye Nendlela Yokuwagwema

Amaphutha amaningana okucacisa avame ukudala izinkinga ezingagwenywa ekucaphuneni, ekwakhiweni, ekuhlolweni, noma ekwamukelweni kokugcina:

• ukubhekisela “ekuhambisaneni ne-IPC” ngaphandle kokusho indinganiso eqondile
• ukushiya izinga lekilasi elidingekayo
• usebenzisa i-IPC-A-610 ukuze uthole i-oda lebhodi elingenalutho
• ukuphatha i-IPC-A-600 njengengxenye ephelele ye-IPC-6012
• ukwehluleka ukuvumelanisa izidingo zokukhiqiza nezidingo zokuhlanganisa kuphrojekthi efanayo
• ukushiya izindlela zokuhlola zingachazwanga kuze kube yilapho ukukhiqizwa sekuqalile

Lezi zinkinga zingcono kakhulu ukuvinjelwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa. Ukushaya i-IPC efanele kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi komthengi nomkhiqizi, kunciphisa ukuhumusha okuqondene nomuntu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, futhi kusekela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuzinzile kuyo yonke inqubo. Kumaphrojekthi adinga imiphumela yokukhiqiza ephindaphindwayo, imibhalo ye-IPC kufanele ihlanganiswe nekhono lokukhiqiza, izidingo zokuhlanganisa, kanye nokuhlela ukuhlolwa kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngamafuphi, izindinganiso ze-IPC ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaphrojekthi e-PCB yi-IPC-A-600 yokwamukelwa kwebhodi elingenalutho, i-IPC-6012 yokufaneleka nokusebenza kwe-PCB okuqinile, kanye ne-IPC-A-610 yokwamukelwa komkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe. Le mibhalo iphinde ibe phakathi kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi ze-PCB ezifanele kakhulu kanye nezindinganiso ze-elekthronikhi ze-IPC ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukwenziwa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB.

Standards, inspection scope and acceptance decisions

Specify the applicable document and revision together with the product class and contractual requirements. Bare-board fabrication, assembly workmanship and process control should not be treated as interchangeable.