Umhlahlandlela ophelele wamabhodi wesekethe we-Multilayer

Amabhodi wesekethe anezingqimba eziningi, abonakala ngezingqimba zawo eziningi zezinto eziqhubayo ezihlukaniswe ngezingqimba zokufaka ugesi, ashintshe indlela amadivayisi kagesi aklanywa futhi akhiqizwa ngayo. Avumela ukuminyana kwesekethe okuphezulu, usayizi oncishisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezidingayo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi yanamuhla. Ngokungafani nezandulela zawo ezilula, amabhodi wesekethe anezingqimba eziningi ayizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqukethe izingqimba eziningana zezinto eziqhubayo, ngayinye ihlukaniswe ngezingqimba zokufaka ugesi. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kuvumela ukuminyana kwesekethe okuphezulu, okuvumela amadivayisi kagesi ukuba abe mancane, asebenze kahle, futhi abe namandla.

Isingeniso Kumabhodi Omjikelezo Wezingqimba Eziningi

Ukuqanjwa Nesakhiwo

Isisekelo sokwakha se-MCB yizinto eziyisisekelo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-fiberglass eyaziwa ngokuthi i-FR4 , enikeza ibhodi ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana nokushisa. Ingqimba ngayinye yokuqhuba ngaphakathi kwebhodi yenziwe ngethusi, eqoshwe ngomklamo wesekethe ukuvumela izimpawu zikagesi ukuthi zihambe phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zedivayisi. Lezi zingqimba zihlukaniswa ngezinto zokufaka ugesi (prepreg) ezivimbela ukuphazamiseka kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba zokuqhuba.

Kungani i-Multilayer?

Ukuthuthela ekwakhiweni kwezingqimba eziningi kuqhutshwa isidingo sokujikeleza okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesivinini esikhulu esingasebenza kahle endaweni ehlangene. Amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi angakwazi ukufaka inani eliphezulu lezingxenye nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisiza ukusebenza okuthuthukile kumadivayisi amancane. Lokhu kubalulekile kubuchwepheshe besimanje, lapho ukuthambekela kubhekise ku-miniaturization nokusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukuxhumana Kuzo zonke Izendlalelo

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezendlalelo kufinyelelwa nge-vias, okuyizimbobo ezincane ezibhobhozwa ebhodini futhi zihlanganiswe ngethusi. Lawa ma-vias angaba yimbobo, axhumanise zonke izendlalelo, noma angaboni futhi agqitshwe, axhumanise isethi yezendlalelo, kuye ngezidingo zokuklama isifunda. Le ndlela enezendlalelo eziningi ivumela ukuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu kokuxhunywa ngaphakathi konyawo oluncane kunalokho obekungenzeka ngamabhodi ongqimba olulodwa.

I-Multilayer Circuit Board Stack-up Design

Ushintsho olusuka kumabhodi wesekethe anezendlalelo ezimbili ukuya ekucushweni kwezendlalelo eziningi zethula inqwaba yokucatshangelwa kwedizayini ebalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, izindleko, kanye nokusebenza. Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuklama isitaki ibalulekile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nemibandela edingekayo kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Lesi sigaba sihlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe phakathi nenqubo yokuklama isitaki.

Ukusebenza Nokukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

Isivinini sokusebenza kanye nemvelo yesekethe ilawula ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ibhodi lesifunda. Nakuba i-FR4 iyi-substrate evamile, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingazuza ezintweni ezithuthuke kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokulawulwa kokuvimbela. Ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi webhodi lakho lesifunda kubalulekile lapha, njengoba ubuchwepheshe babo bungakuqondisa ekukhetheni izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele izidingo zakho ezithile, ukulinganisa izithuthukisi zokusebenza nemiphumela yezindleko.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezindleko

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nokubalwa kongqimba nokucushwa kwebhodi lesekethe lezendlalelo eziningi, kunomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zizonke. Ukuxhumana kusenesikhathi nabakhiqizi ukuze bahlole izinketho ezihlukahlukene kungasiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nemikhawulo yesabelomali ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza kwebhodi.

Ukuphatha Ukuminyana Komzila

Ukunquma ukuminyana komzila kusenesikhathi esigabeni sokuklama kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukuguqulwa okumba eqolo kamuva. Ukulinganisa isibalo sesendlalelo esidingekayo kungaholela esakhiweni esiminyene, kudinge ukuklanywa kabusha ukuze kwengezwe izendlalelo. Ngokuphambene, isibalo sesendlalelo esiphezulu kakhulu sinyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza kungenasidingo. Ukuthola ibhalansi efanele kusukela ekuqaleni kuyisihluthulelo somklamo ophumelelayo futhi ongabizi.

Ukucushwa Kwe-Crcuitry Okulungiselelwe

Ukuqonda izidingo ze-circuitry kubalulekile ekudaleni ukucushwa kwesendlalelo esilungiselelwe. Isibonelo, amasiginali azwelayo angase azuze ekucushweni kwesendlalelo se-stripline, esidinga izindiza zaphansi ezengeziwe ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlukanisa ukujikeleza kwe-analog nedijithali ngezindiza zaphansi ezihlukile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto zamandla angaphakathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwesitaki. Ukucatshangelwa okunjalo kufanele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakheka ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo yokuklama engenazihibe.

Isakhiwo Sebhodi Lezendlalelo Eziningi

Ukushintshela ekudizayineni ngamabhodi esekethe ezendlalelo eziningi kwethula ushintsho olukhulu oluya ekucabangeni okunezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Ngokungafani nezendlalelo eziqondile ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-PCB enezingqimba ezimbili, ibhodi lezendlalelo eziningi lidinga ukucatshangelwa kokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezingqimba eziningi zangaphakathi. Le nkimbinkimbi idinga indlela eguquguqukayo ekubekweni kwengxenye kanye nomzila eqaphela amandla angaphakathi ebhodi.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwedizayini ye-3D

Ekwakhiweni kwebhodi lezingqimba eziningi, ukubekwa kwengxenye kufanele kubhekelele imisebenzi engaphakathi kwebhodi. Isibonelo, ukubeka ingxenye enomsindo kungase kucatshangelwe kabusha uma kuphazamisa umzila obucayi kusendlalelo esingaphakathi ngaphansi kwayo. Lokhu kujula kokucatshangelwa kwedizayini kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokubona ibhodi ngeso lengqondo ku-3D, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isendlalelo ngasinye sihlala ngokuhambisana nezinye, sithuthukisa kokubili ukusebenza nobuqotho besignali.

Ukubekwa Kwengxenye kanye Nomzila

Nakuba inqubo eyisisekelo yokubeka izingxenye isalokhu ifana neyebhodi elinezinhlangothi ezimbili, umongo lapho abaklami basebenza khona uhluke ngokuphawulekayo. Ukutholakala kwezendlalelo zangaphakathi zomzila kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekubekweni kwengxenye, kunciphisa isidingo samashaneli angaphezulu omzila. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi lapho usebenzisana nenani eliphezulu lezingxenye, njengoba kuvumela ukuhlelwa okuminyene ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zesignali.

I-Inner Layer Dynamics

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sebhodi lezendlalelo eziningi sinikeza indawo entsha yamathuba okulandelela umzila nokusabalalisa amandla. Abaklami bangajabulela ukuguquguquka komzila wangaphakathi wokulandela umkhondo nokuzinza kwezindiza zamandla. Nokho, lokhu kuza nesethi yakho yezinselelo:

1.Amabhodi amaMultilayer, ngokwemvelo, afaka umzila oyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezingxenye. 2.Ukuhlelela izidingo ezithile zomzila, njengobubanzi bokulandelela kanye nezikhala zamapheya ahlukile noma imikhondo elawulwa yi-impedance, kubalulekile.
3.Eminye imizila ingase idinge ukubekwa phezu kwezingqimba ze-stripline, ezibekwe phakathi kwezindiza zaphansi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka. I-cross-layer signal routing kufanele ibe yi-perpendicular ukunciphisa i-crosstalk.
Izindiza ze-4.Ground zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwe-vias ukuze kugcinwe izindlela zokubuya kwesignali ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
I-5.Izindiza ezihlukanisayo kufanele zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasignali azwelayo awadluli ukuhlukana, ukulondoloza ubuqotho besignali nokunciphisa umsindo.

Imidwebo Yokwenziwa Namafayela Okukhiphayo

Ukuqedwa kokubekwa kwengxenye nomzila kuphawula ingqopha-mlando enqubweni yokuklama ibhodi lesekethe lezendlalelo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa, kunesinyathelo esibalulekile esisele: ukulungiswa kwemibhalo enemininingwane namafayela aphumayo. Lo mbhalo ubalulekile ekuhumusheni umklamo wakho ube umkhiqizo ongokoqobo, uqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ihambisana ncamashí nezicaciso zakho.

Ukudala Amadokhumenti anemininingwane

Imidwebo yokwenziwa iyitshe eliyinhloko lale dokhumenti. Kumelwe ifake imininingwane ephelele ye-PCB enezingqimba eziningi , ekhombisa ngokucacile ukuhlelwa kanye nemininingwane yesendlalelo ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le midwebo kufanele iqukathe amanothi nemiyalelo echaza izidingo zokukhiqiza, izinto ezizosetshenziswa, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinqubo ezikhethekile ibhodi elingazidinga. Leli zinga lemininingwane liqinisekisa ukuthi umenzi wezinto angakwazi ukuphinda akhiqize ngokunembile izinhloso zomklami.

Ikhiqiza Amafayela Okukhiphayo

Ekukhiqizeni, ukukhiqizwa kwamafayela okukhiphayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma usebenzisa amafayela e-Gerber , ifomethi ejwayelekile embonini ye-PCB, kuzodingeka ukhiqize isethi yamafayela ahambisana nesendlalelo ngasinye se-PCB, kanye namafayela engeziwe amamaski okufaka, izikrini zesilika, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezimboziwe ezifanele. Lawa mafayela asebenza njengohlaka lapho umenzi azokwakha khona ibhodi lesifunda elinezingqimba eziningi, elawula konke kusukela ezintweni ezingqimba kuya ekubekweni kwemigodi kanye nezindlela zokulandelela zethusi.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukunemba Nokuhambisana

Ngaphambi kokuthumela idizayini yokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela imidwebo eyenziwe namafayela okukhiphayo ukuze uthole ukunemba nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kokugcina kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe noma yikuphi ukungaqondi kahle noma amaphutha angase abeke engcupheni ikhwalithi noma ukusebenza kwamabhodi aqediwe.

Idizayini Yokwenziwa Kwama-PCB amaningi

Ukuklama Ukukhiqiza ( DFM ) kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuklama kuhambisana namakhono okukhiqiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngokufaka izimiso ze-DFM ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuklama, abakhiqizi banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga zokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise isivuno sonke. Lokhu kuhilela ukucabangela ngokucophelela izakhi ezahlukene zokuklama, njengokuvuleka kwendawo yethusi, ngokusebenzisa ukuvuleka ngokusebenzisa izingqimba zangaphakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwejometri ezinkulu lapho kungenzeka khona. Lawa maqhinga awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kodwa futhi anegalelo ekunembileni nasekuthembekeni okuphezulu kumkhiqizo wokugcina.

Isibonelo, ukugcina izindawo zethusi ezihlanzekile ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi, kubalulekile ukuvimbela izikhindi noma izinkinga zokunamathisela. Ukuvunyelwa okungenani okungu-10 mil onqenqemeni lwangaphandle lwe-PCB kuyanconywa, kanti u-20 mil ulungile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bokukhiqiza. Ngokufanayo, okwanele ngokusebenzisa imvume ezungeze izimbobo zesendlalelo sangaphakathi ezingaxhumekile, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-antipad, kufanele okungenani kube 15 mil, nakuba 20 mil kungcono ukugcina ukuthembeka kukagesi. Ukwengeza, amaphedi okusiza ngokushisa okushisayo kufanele adizayinwe anesibopho esincane esingu-8 mil ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bokushisa futhi kube lula ukusoda nokusebenza kabusha. Ukwamukela amajiyometri amakhulu lapho kungenzeka khona kungathuthukisa isivuno futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, njengoba izici ezinkulu kulula ukuzikhiqiza ngokunemba okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amaphutha futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yebhodi iyonke.

Ukukhetha Umkhiqizi Olungile Wama-PCB Anezici Eziningi

Ukukhiqiza ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngezingqimba eziningi kudinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nokuzibophezela okukhulu ekuqeqeshweni komqhubi, ingasaphathwa eyokucabangela ngokwezimali lapho ibhodi linomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani abanye abakhiqizi be-PCB bebehamba kancane ukungena emakethe yokukhiqiza amabhodi ezingqimba eziningi kunathi. I-Highleap electronic inganikeza amakhono athuthukile okusekela imiklamo ye-PCB ethuthukisiwe enezidingo ezidingayo okuhlanganisa i-laser ablated microvia, amabhodi angenamsebenzi afakiwe, i-PCB esindayo yethusi , i-via-in-pad, amabhodi emvamisa ephezulu kanye nabanye.