I-Power Converter PCB Layout Amaphutha Abulala Ukusebenza kahle

I-PCB yokuguqula amandla “enokusebenza kahle okungama-72% kuphela” naphezu kokusebenzisa izingxenye ze-premium ingakhungathekisa, kodwa ngokuvamile ibangelwa amaphutha esakhiwo. Lawa maphutha, asuka ekwakhiweni kwe-node engafanele ukuya kuma-capacitor abekwe kabi, avamile kuma-PCB okuguqula amandla, noma ngabe iziguquli ezilula ze-POL noma ama-VRM ezigaba eziningi ayinkimbinkimbi. Njengomkhiqizi we-PCB, siyaqonda ukuthi idizayini ye-PCB esebenzayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kuyahambisana. Ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sakho nokuqinisekisa ukwakheka okunembayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu nokwethembeka.

I-Switch Node Disaster

I-switching node ifana ne-radio transmitter—nciphisa indawo yayo yezimpondo. Kodwa sihlala sibona izakhiwo ze-PCB zokuguqulela amandla ezinamanodi okushintsha ahanjiswa njengemikhondo emide ehamba ebhodini.

Nakhu ukulungisa: Yenza indawo yokushintsha ibe ipholigoni ehlangene exhuma i-MOSFET yohlangothi oluphezulu, i-MOSFET yohlangothi oluphansi, kanye ne-inductor. Indawo ephelele kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-200mm² kusiguquli esingu-10A. Yonke i-millimeter yesikwele eyengeziwe inyusa i-EMI futhi inciphisa ukusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa amandla e-parasitic.

Kumadizayini e-PCB e-DC-DC Converter ahlukanisiwe njenge-flyback converter PCBs, isimiso esifanayo sisebenza ku-transformer primary. Lokho kudala kokujikeleza kwezinye izingxenye? Kukubiza ukusebenza kahle okungu-2-3% kanye nokwehluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-EMI.

Ukubekwa Kwe-Capacitor Yokufaka—Indawo Eseduze Akuvaliwe Ngokwanele

“Vala kokokufaka” akucaci ngokwanele ngesakhiwo se-PCB yesiguquli samandla. Ama-capacitor okokufaka kufanele axhume ngokuqondile phakathi komsele we-MOSFET oseceleni okuphezulu nendawo yamandla enezinsalela ezingaphansi kuka-5mm. Izindlela ezinde zidala i-inductance edala ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi okudlula izilinganiso ze-MOSFET.

Sibone ama-MOSFET anesilinganiso esingu-60V ehluleka ezinhlelweni ze-24V ngenxa yokubekwa kabi kwe-capacitor yokufaka. Isixazululo asibizi mali—ukubeka izingxenye ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama ukwenziwa kwe-PCB.

Ukuzwa Kwamanje Akuhambanga Kahle

Inzwa yamanje enembile ibalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekulawuleni isiguquli samandla se-PCB. Nokho amadizayini amaningi afaka engcupheni ukunemba ngesakhiwo esingesihle. Inzwa ye-DCR yonga amandla kodwa idinga izingxenye ezilinganayo zezinga lokushisa eduze kwe-inductor. Izinzwa ze-Shunt resistor zidinga uxhumo lwe-Kelvin—hhayi nje imikhondo ewugqinsi yesivikeli nomuzwa.

Kuphrojekthi yakamuva ye-Power Electronics PCB , sithuthukise ukunemba komkhawulo wamanje kusuka ku-±20% kuya ku-±5% ngokumane silungise ukuxhumana kwe-sense resistor. Ikhasimende ligweme ukuklama kabusha izingxenye zalo ze-magnetic, longa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinyanga ezintathu.

Inganekwane Yendiza Ephansi

“Ukubekwa phansi kwephuzu elilodwa” kwaba nengqondo ezintweni zamandla alayini kodwa kudala izinkinga ekushintsheni ama-PCB okuguqula amandla. Imiklamo yesimanje idinga izindiza zomhlabathi eziqinile ezihlukene ngamasu kuphela lapho kunesidingo khona.

Ungahlukanisi izindawo phakathi kwezingxenye zamandla nezokulawula. Esikhundleni salokho, beka izingxenye ngokuhlakanipha ukuze imisinga yemvamisa ephezulu igeleze ngokwemvelo isuke kumasekethe abucayi. Kumadizayini e-PCB e-Switch Mode Power Supply , lokhu kusho ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zamandla ndawonye nendawo yazo yasendaweni.

Amaphupho Asebusuku Enethiwekhi

Leyo nethiwekhi yesinxephezelo oyibale kahle? Iyanyakazisa ngoba umkhondo wempendulo udlula endaweni yokushintsha. Umzila wempendulo udinga ukunakekelwa okufanayo namasignali edijithali anesivinini esikhulu. Gcina ukulandelelwa kwempendulo kufushane, kuqondile, futhi kude nemithombo yomsindo.

Ukuvikela imikhondo ezwelayo phakathi kwezindiza zomhlabathi lapho uwela izindawo ezinomsindo akunakugwenywa. Kumadizayini e-PCB e-Power Converter angaphezu kuka-500kHz, phatha izindlela zokuphendula njengemigqa yokudlulisela ene-impedance elawulwayo.

Amasu Wokunqwabelanisa Wezendlalelo Eziningi

Amabhodi anezendlalelo ezine awahlali engcono kunezendlalelo ezimbili zama-PCB okuguqula amandla. Ibhodi elinezendlalelo ezimbili eliklanywe kahle lidlula idizayini enezendlalelo ezine ehlelwe kabi.

Izitaki ezingcono kakhulu zamaleveli wamandla ahlukene:

• Ngaphansi kuka-50W: Izendlalelo ezimbili ezinendiza yaphansi eqinile
• 50W-500W: Izendlalelo ezine (Signal-Ground-Power-Signal)
• Ngaphezulu kuka-500W: Izendlalelo eziyisithupha ezinezingqimba ezizinikele zokuvikela

Ithimba lethu lokuhlanganisa i-PCB livame ukubona imiklamo eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu engafeza ukusebenza okungcono ngokuqoqwa okulula kanye nokubekwa kwezingxenye ngokuhlakanipha.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwengxenye Yezibuthe

Ama-Transformer nama-inductors akhiqiza amasimu abhangqwana kumasekethe aseduze. Misa izingxenye kazibuthe emakhoneni ebhodi, kude namasekhethi okulawula. Ama-transformer aseMpumalanga ukuze unciphise ukuhlangana kwenkundla kube yizinsalela ezibucayi.

Kuma-PCB e-transformer ahleliwe kanye nozibuthe abahlanganisiwe, gcina imvume engu-5mm kusuka kumasekhethi okulawula. Sisize amakhasimende ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-oscillation ezingaqondakali ngokuzungezisa ama-transformer awo ama-degree angu-90.

Ngokusebenzisa Ukuthuthukisa Izindlela Zamandla

Usayizi ojwayelekile we-via string current flow kuma-PCB okuguqula amandla. Sebenzisa ama-vias amaningi ngokulingana—bala ngokusekelwe ku-20A nge-via kuma-vias ajwayelekile angu-0.3mm ububanzi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PCB ze-Power Inverter , cabanga ngama-vias angu-0.5mm noma amakhulu ezindleleni zamandla.

I-Thermal vias ngaphansi kwamadivayisi kagesi adinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile. Ama-vias agcwaliswe futhi acwecwe anikeza ukuguquguquka okushisayo okungama-40% kunezimbobo ezingenalutho. Izindleko ezengeziwe zizikhokhela ngokwazo ngokwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe.

Ungavumeli amaphutha okuhlelwa kohlelo aphazamise amandla okuguqula amandla akho. I-Highleap Electronics ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bensizakalo yokukhiqiza kagesi nolwazi olujulile lwe-elekthronikhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiklamo yakho yokukhiqiza nokusebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza kahle komklamo we-PCB wokuguqula amandla?

Ukusebenza kahle kwesiguquli samandla kuthonywa yizici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukwakheka kwe-PCB, ukubekwa kwengxenye, nokuphathwa kokushisa. Izici ezibalulekile njengokunciphisa indawo yokushintsha indawo, ukwenza ngcono ukubekwa kwe-capacitor yokufaka, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzwa kwamanje okunembile kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukwengeza, amasu okusungula, idizayini ye-loop yempendulo, kanye nokwenza kahle nakho kunomthelela ngqo ekusebenzeni kahle kukonke.

2. Ngingayinciphisa kanjani i-EMI kumiklamo ye-PCB yesiguquli samandla ngaphandle kokwengeza izingxenye ezengeziwe?

Ukuze unciphise i-EMI kuma-PCB okuguqula amandla, gxila ekwandiseni ukwakheka kwe-PCB kunokwengeza izingxenye zokuhlunga ze-EMI ezibizayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina ukulandelelwa kufushane futhi kuqondile, ukubeka ama-capacitor e-decoupling eduze kwezingxenye ezizwelayo, nokuqinisekisa ukubeka phansi okufanele. Kumadizayini anamaza okushintsha angaphezu kuka-500kHz, izindlela zempendulo kufanele zithathwe njengemigqa yokudlulisela enokuphazamiseka okulawulwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.

3. Ukukhethwa kwesitaki se-PCB kukuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kweziguquli zamandla?

Ukucushwa kwesitaki se-PCB kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesiguquli samandla. Ngemiklamo yamandla aphansi (ngaphansi kuka-50W), ibhodi elula enezendlalelo ezimbili enendiza eqinile ephansi ingase yanele. Kumaleveli wamandla aphezulu (50W-500W), idizayini enezendlalelo ezine enesignali ehlukene, phansi, nezindlalelo zamandla isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-500W), i-PCB enezingqimba eziyisithupha enezendlalelo zokuvikela ezizinikele inganciphisa kakhulu umsindo futhi ithuthukise ukuphathwa kokushisa.