Dhizaini yePCB yeGirazi yeMadunhu Akareruka, Akasimba, uye Ane Maitiro Ekutakura

Dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inzira yeinjiniya yekushandura substrate yegirazi kuita dunhu rinoshanda uku uchienzanisa mashandiro emagetsi, kuvimbika kwemuchina, kugona kugadzira, uye, mune mamwe mapurojekiti, zvinodiwa nemaziso. Kusiyana nebasa reFR-4 rakajairwa, dhizaini yakavakirwa pagirazi haigone kutorwa sechinotsiva zvinhu zviri nyore. Substrate yacho yakasimba, haina kusimba, yakagadzikana pamativi, uye inowanzoshandiswa kune mashandisirwo anoda nzira dzakapfava, nzvimbo dzakajeka, kudzora kutsetseka kwakasimba, kana kubatana kwepakeji. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inotanga netsananguro yechimiro, kwete kungo fambisa mhangura chete. Vagadziri vanowanzo fanirwa kusarudza nekukurumidza kuti girazi richashandiswa sei, rudzii rwekubatanidza runodiwa, kupi kushushikana kuchanyanya, uye kuti kugadzirwa nekuungana kuchakanganisa sei bhodhi rapera. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakura rwetekinoroji, ona girazi rePCB regirazi.

Kumbira Ongororo yeGlass PCB Design

Zvinorehwa neGirazi rePCB

Dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inopfuura kungoisa mhangura pane substrate isiri yakajairika. Inosanganisira kusarudza rudzi rwegirazi rwakakodzera, kutsanangura mashandisirwo achaitwa circuit substrate, kuronga magadzirirwo emuchina wekufambisa, kudzora kushushikana nemamiriro emupendero, uye kufananidza dhizaini nenzira inotarisirwa kugadzirwa. Mune mamwe mapurojekiti, girazi rinonyanya kupa kuti risatsvedzerere, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, kana kujeka. Mune mamwe, chikamu chechimiro chekubatanidza chakasimba chinoenderana nekufambisa zvakanaka, kugoverwa patsva, kana kubatana kwakamira kuburikidza ne substrate.

Ndosaka dhizaini yegirazi PCB inowanzo tanga nechikamu chechimiro pane nehupamhi hwemutsetse chete. Dunhu regirazi rinoonekera, bhodhi regirazi rinonzwa girazi, substrate yegirazi repakati, uye dhizaini ine chekuita neinterposer yegirazi hazvitevedzere zvinhu zvakafanana zvekugadzira kunyangwe zvese zviri pasi pemhuri imwe chete yezvinhu zvakakura. Kana fungidziro yechimiro chisina kururama ikaitwa pakutanga, sarudzo dzekugadzirisa nzira dzekugadzira nekugadzira dzinowanzo kuve dzakaoma kugadzirisa.

Kusarudza zvinhu chikamu chekugadzira, kwete sarudzo yakasiyana yekutenga. Sarudzo dzakasiyana dzePCB substrate dzegirazi dzinoshandura maitiro emagetsi, ekupisa, ekuona, uye emakanika ebhodhi. Borosilicate, aluminosilicate, fused silica, uye soda-lime glass hazvichinjiki mumashoko ekurongeka, nekuti chimwe nechimwe chinoshandura marongero, mabatirwo, uye kubatanidzwa kwebhodhi.

Kusiyanisa Kwakaita Girazi rePCB neStandard PCB Design

Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti girazi rinoisa zvirambidzo zvemaumbirwo kare kare kupfuura zvinoita FR-4. Kurongeka kwePCB kwakajairika kunowanzo tanga nekubatana kwemagetsi uye kwozotarisa kugona kwekugadzira mushure mezvo. Mukugadzirwa kwePCB yegirazi, kurongeka kunowanzo shandurwa kana kuti panguva imwe chete. Maitiro emakanika, daro remumucheto, ukobvu hwe substrate, kuburikidza nehurongwa, kudzora nzvimbo yakajeka, uye nzira yekuunganidza zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo apo kurongeka kuchiri kutora chimiro.

Girazi rakasimba uye rakagadzikana pahukuru hwaro, izvo zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa nzira nemazvo uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakaita semapakeji, asi harina kunyatsosimba. Izvi zvinoshandura mashandisirwo anoitwa vagadziri vemakona, ma cutouts, nzvimbo dzisina rutsigiro, uye kuchinja pakati pema conductors akanaka nenzvimbo dzakakora dzesimbi. Magadzirirwo anoita seakareruka muCAD anogona kuramba asina simba pakubata kana kuoma kugadzira kana kumanikidzwa kwemucheto, huwandu hwenzvimbo, kana zvinhu zve substrate-through zvisina kurongwa zvakanaka.

Mumwe musiyano ndewekuti girazi rinowanzo sarudzwa nekuti bhodhi rinofanira kuita chimwe chinhu chinopfuura nzira dzePCB dzakajairwa. Maseketi anoonekera pachena anoda nzvimbo dzinoonekwa dzinodzorwa. Magadzirirwo emhando yepakeji angada kutsetseka kwakasimba uye maitiro ari nani eCTE. Mabhodhi anoshandisa nzira dzekubatanidza dzinoda nzira dzawo uye chimiro chepad chakarongwa chakatenderedza girazi kuburikidza nezvinodiwa kubva pakutanga. Nemamwe mashoko, dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inowanzo tungamirirwa nemabasa kwete nemidziyo.

Mitemo Yekugadzira Yepamusoro Yekurongeka uye Maumbirwo ePCB Yegirazi

Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha chekugadzira maPCB egirazi, nekuti kubudirira kweprojekiti hakutsamiri pane pfungwa ye "kushandisa girazi" asi pane zvakawanda pane kana chimiro chacho chakagadzirwa nenzira iyo girazi rinogona kutsigira. Dhizaini yakanaka yePCB yegirazi ipfungwa yakabatana pakati pemaitiro e substrate, huwandu hwe conductor, nzira yekubatanidza, nzvimbo ye optical, uye nzira yekubatanidza.

Tanga nebasa rekuvaka re substrate

Mubvunzo wekutanga wekugadzira ndewekuti girazi riri kuita sei muchigadzirwa. Kana girazi richinyanya kupa kujeka, nzira yekufambisa zvinhu uye nzvimbo yezvikamu zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo inoonekwa. Kana richipa kutsetseka uye kugadzikana kwenzira yekufambisa zvinhu, kurongeka kwezvikamu uye kuenzanisa kwemuchina kunokosha zvikuru. Kana chiri chikamu chepuratifomu inonzwa kana yekuona, nzvimbo dzakajeka, machira, uye maficha ekuenderana zvinogona kukosha semhangura pachayo. Basa iri rekuvaka ndiro rinosarudza zvimwe zvese zvehurongwa hwekugadzira zvinhu.

Gadzirisa dhizaini yemucheto nekucheka

Girazi rinonyanya kubatwa nekukuvadzwa kwemucheto uye kupararira kwematombo kupfuura mapuranga akajairwa elamineti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, matrace, mapedhi, mavia, nenzvimbo dzine mhangura hadzifanirwe kusundidzirwa zvakanyanya kumucheto kana kuchekwa kwemukati. Chimiro chekona, geometry yeslots, uye zvikamu zvakamanikana zvisina rutsigiro zvese zvinokanganisa kuvimbika kwekubata. Dhizaini inogona kunge yakarurama pamagetsi uye ichiri isina kusimba kana mutsetse usina kurongeka nemaitiro egirazi.

Ronga huwandu hwemhangura, kwete kungobatanidza chete

Pagirazi, kupararira kwesimbi yemuno kunokanganisa zvinopfuura kugona kwazvino. Zvinokanganisawo kuenzana kwekushushikana, maitiro ekuti zvinhu zvimire zvakanaka, chitarisiko chekuona mumagadzirirwo akajeka, uye kuchinja pakati pezvinhu zvakanaka nenzvimbo dzakasimba dzekubatanidza. Mhangura yakakora kune rumwe rutivi uye mhangura isina kusimba kune rumwe rutivi zvinogona kukonzera kusawirirana mukuvaka kana maitiro ekugadzira. Mumagadzirirwo akajeka, huwandu hwemhangura hunokanganisawo maonerwo anoita bhodhi kuburikidza ne substrate, zvinoreva kuti sarudzo dzenzira dzinovawo chikamu chedhizaini ye optical.

Batanidza maitiro ekubatanidza nebhodhi

Haasi ese magirazi ePCB anoda substrate-through interconnect, asi kana zvikadaro, sarudzo iyoyo inofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza. Nzira yekufambisa inochinja kana masaini kana simba zvichifanira kufamba zvakatwasuka nepakati pegirazi. Kubata mapad, kuchengetedza, kugovera layer, uye kuronga nzira yekudzoka zvese zvinoenderana nesarudzo iyoyo. Mumagadzirirwo ane chekuita nemapakeji akawandisa, izvi zvinogona kupindirana nekugadzirwa kwePCB yegirazi kana kunyange kuronga girazi interposer , uko substrate iri chikamu chehurongwa hwepamusoro hwekugovera patsva.

Bvisa nzvimbo inooneka kubva kunzvimbo yekutsigira inoshanda

Mumaseketi egirazi anoonekera, imwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekugadzira ndeyekuparadzanisa nzvimbo yekuona inoshanda kana yekutarisa kubva kunzvimbo yekutsigira. Nzvimbo yekutsigira inogona kutakura nzira dzakasimba, maconnector akasimbiswa, maconnector, uye zvikamu zvakakura, nepo nzvimbo yekuona ichichengetwa yakavhurika uye yakachena sezvinobvira. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei magadzirirwo akajeka achifanira kuongororwa pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvePCB zvinoonekera pane kubatwa semabhodhi akajairwa akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakajeka.

Gadzirai nzira yekurongedza nekuronga zvinhu senzira imwe chete

Pagirazi, nzira yekufambisa mafambiro emuchina, geometry yemapedhi, ukobvu hwe substrate, uye kupedzisa kwenzvimbo hazvifanirwe kutorwa sematanho akasiyana. Zvinopesvedzerana zvakananga. Substrate yakatetepa inogona kuvandudza chikamu chimwe chedhizaini asi inoita kuti kubata nekuungana kuve kwakaoma. Maitiro ekufambisa mafambiro akaomarara anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko remagetsi asi kugadzira kushushikana kwenzvimbo kana kupindira kwekuona. Kuvaka kwemhando yepakeji kunogona kuda kuenzanisa uye kuenzana pane kungova nematanho akawanda ekufambisa. Dhizaini yakasimba yePCB yegirazi inobva mukuita sarudzo idzi pamwe chete pachinzvimbo chekugadzirisa chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana.

Chengetedza nzvimbo yemiganhu chaiyo yekubatanidza

Mabhodhi egirazi anowanzo shandiswa mumagadzirirwo apo bhodhi risina chinhu rinenge riri hafu yedambudziko. Zvigadziko, rutsigiro rwekuisa, chimiro chekupisa, kurodha kweconnector, uye kubata panguva yekubatanidza zvese zvinokanganisa kana chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakavimbika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumabhodhi matete, marongerwo akajeka, uye maumbirwo ane machira matete kana mipendero yakapfava. Dhizaini yakanaka inosiya mukana wakakwana wekugadzira chaiwo pane kungodhirowa bhodhi rakanangana chete.

Kugadzira Kugona Kugadzira uye Kugadzira

Dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inofanira kuongororwa kuburikidza negirazi rekugadzira risati raburitswa. Muchokwadi, DFM yegirazi inopfuura upamhi hwetrace uye spacing. Inowanzo sanganisira kukwana kwesubstrate, chimiro chebhodhi, mamiriro emucheto, nzira yekubatanidza, kugadzirira kuunganidza, uye kana dhizaini yacho iri yechikamu chakakodzera chemaitiro pakutanga. Magadzirirwo anoita seakakodzera pachiratidziro angangoda shanduko kana substrate yabatwa, metallization, singulation, kana fixture support zvafungwa.

Vagadziri vanofanira kutarisa kana stack-up ichienderana ne substrate yakasarudzwa, kana nzvimbo dze optical ne mechanical dzakatsanangurwa zvakajeka, kana shanduko mu connectors kana nzvimbo dzakasimbiswa dzakasimba, uye kana chero zvinhu zve through-substrate zvakaiswa zvechokwadi. Mapurojekiti anotanga kugadzirwa nekukurumidza anowanzoona kuti dambudziko raive risiri remagetsi ekubatanidza, asi geometry yegirazi isina kutsigirwa, kuenzana kwakashata, kana fungidziro yekubatanidza isina kukodzera chinhu chacho.

Ndosaka dhizaini yegirazi rePCB ichifanira kurongeka pamwe nekugadzirwa kwegirazi rePCB risati ravharwa. Pamapurojekiti mazhinji, mhedzisiro yakanakisa yeDFM haisi nyaya diki yekuparadzanisa nzvimbo. Kugadziriswa kwechimiro kunoita kuti bhodhi rive nyore kugadzira, kuve nyore kuunganidza, uye mukana wekurarama nema prototypes ekutanga pasina kugadzira patsva.

Maitiro Akajairika Ekugadzira PCB Yegirazi

Dhizaini yePCB yegirazi inoonekwa muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinodzokororwa, uye imwe neimwe inosundira marongerwo munzira yakasiyana. Mumasensa akaomarara kana mabhodhi eindasitiri, kukosha kunowanzobva mukugadzikana, kuchena, uye kuramba zvakatipoteredza. Muzvigadzirwa zvinoonekera, dambudziko nderekuenzanisa circuitry nenzvimbo inooneka. Mumagadzirirwo emhando yepakeji, substrate inova chikamu chesystem yekubatanidza yakamanikana ine zvinodiwa zvekupfava uye nzira. Mumagadzirirwo ane chekuita neLED kana mwenje, maitiro ekupisa, nzvimbo dzinoonekwa, uye kuiswa kweconductor zvese zvinogona kukosha panguva imwe chete. Mamwe emhando idzi dzepurojekiti anosanganawo nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira PCB yegirazi re LED .

Dhizaini inofanira kuendeswa riini kugirazi pachinzvimbo cheFR-4?

Girazi rinowanzo shandiswa kufunga nezvaro kana dhizaini ichida kujeka, kugadzikana kwe substrate, kutsamira kwepakeji, hunyanzvi hwekubatanidza zvinhu, kana maitiro ezvakatipoteredza ayo mabhodhi e laminate asingatsigirewo. Kana purojekiti isingade mabhenefiti iwayo, FR-4 ingave ichiri sarudzo inoshanda.

Ko PCB yega yega yegirazi inoda magirazi anopinda nepakati here?

Kwete. Mamwe mabhodhi egirazi anongoshandiswa pamusoro pevhu chete. Substrate-through interconnect inodiwa chete kana chimiro kana package ichida kuchinjirwa kwemagetsi akamira negirazi.

Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekutanga chirongwa chegirazi chePCB?

Nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekutanga ndeyekutsanangura chimiro chacho zvakajeka usati wapedzisa kuronga: mhuri ye substrate, basa rebhodhi, nzvimbo dze optical, vertical interconnect need, uye nzira yekubatanidza. Kana uchitova ne layout kana concept, itumire kuburikidza ne quote page kuitira kuti dhizaini ikwanise kuongororwa zvichienderana nemidziyo chaiyo uye process requirements.