Ukuhlolwa Nokuqinisekiswa Kwe-ATE PCB: Amazinga Abalulekile Nezinqubo

Isingeniso

Amasistimu wezisetshenziswa zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo ancike kuma-PCB enziwe ngokunemba asebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esibalulekile phakathi kwezisetshenziswa zokuhlola namadivayisi angaphansi kokuhlolwa. Lawa mabhodi okuxhumana athwala isibopho sokuguqulwa kwesignali, ukufaniswa kwe-impedance, nokugcina ukunemba kokulinganisa ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo yokuhlola.

Ngokungafani namabhodi asebenzayo ajwayelekile, ama-ATE PCB asebenza ezindaweni ezivame kakhulu lapho ngisho nokuwohloka okuncane kwesignali kungaholela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okungamanga kanye namaphutha okukhiqiza abizayo. Ngaphambi kokungena ekusetshenzisweni kokukhiqiza, wonke ama-ATE PCB kumele ahlolwe ngokuphelele futhi aqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela zokuhlola eziyinhloko ze-ATE PCB, amazinga asebenzayo embonini, kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okuqinisekisa okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bebhodi lokuhlola lezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlola ze-semiconductor.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-ATE PCB Kwezokukhiqiza

Ukuqinisekisa Ubuqotho Bendlela Yesiginali

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ATE PCB kuqala ngokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bayo yonke indlela yesiginali. Ishaneli ngayinye yokuhlola kufanele igcine izici zayo zikagesi ezishiwo ngaphandle kokwethula amaphutha njengokucabangisisa, ukuthokomala, noma ukuxoxisana. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lidlulisela ngokwethembeka amasignali okuhlola, ligcina ukunemba kokulinganisa phakathi nokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukumelana Nokuxhumana Nokuqina Kokuhlukaniswa

Enye inhloso eyinhloko iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zikagesi zisebenza ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe komshini. Amandla amelana kancane nezindlela eziphansi ziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanje okuzinzile, kuyilapho amashaneli e-analog anamandla kakhulu kufanele ahlale eyedwa ngogesi ukuze avimbele ukuvuza noma ukuphazamiseka. Lezi zivivinyo zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuziphatha kwesignali okungaguquki ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo yokuhlola.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukwethembeka Ngaphansi Kwezimo Zokucindezeleka Ezingokoqobo

Ukuqinisekiswa kokwethenjelwa kuveza ibhodi ekugugeni okusheshisiwe, izinga lokushisa ngamabhayisikili, nokunye ukuhlola kokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Le nqubo isiza ukuhlonza izindlela ezingase zehluleke—ezifana ne-delamination, ukuguga kwesixhumi, noma ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto—ngaphambi kokuthi amabhodi asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni.

Ukubhekana Nendawo Edingekayo Yezinhlelo ze-ATE

Amapulatifomu e-ATE avela kubakhiqizi abafana ne-Teradyne ne-Advantest asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu: ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ukushintsha okuqhubekayo kwe-high-frequency, kanye nokufakwa njalo ngomshini kwamadivayisi okuhlola.

Njengomphumela, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ATE PCB kufanele kuthwale imithwalo ephakeme eshisayo, kagesi, nemishini kunemihlangano evamile ye-elekthronikhi. Iziteshi zedijithali ezinesivinini esikhulu zidinga ukuthinteka okulawulwa ngokunembile kanye nokutsheka kwesignali okuncane, kuyilapho izindlela ezinembayo ze-analogi zidinga ukuhlukaniswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuvuza kwamanje okuphansi kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa Okubalulekile Kagesi kwama-ATE PCB

Ukuqhubeka kokuhlolwa

Ukuhlola ukuqhubeka kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphelele kukagesi kuzo zonke izindlela zesignali ngenkathi kuhlonzwa ukuvula nezikhindi ezingavimbela ukudluliswa kwesignali efanele. Amasistimu okuhlola endizayo azenzakalelayo noma izinto ezizinikezele zokuhlola ezinamaphinikhodi alayishwe intwasahlobo zithinta indawo ngayinye yesekethe ukukala ukumelana phakathi kwamaphoyinti okuxhumana. Lesi sigaba sokuhlola se-ATE PCB sibamba amaphutha okukhiqiza njengokungaphelele ngokucwenga, ukulandelelwa okuphukile, nokungena kwemaski ye-solder okungase kuphazamise ukugeleza kwesignali.

Ukuvuza kanye Nokuhlolwa Kokuhlukaniswa

Isilinganiso sokumelana ne-insulation sihlola ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi phakathi kwezindlela zesignali eziseduze naphakathi kwamasekhethi nezindiza eziphansi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltage ephezulu kusebenzisa umehluko ongaba khona ofika ku-500V noma ku-1000V ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuvuza kwamanje kuhlala kungaphansi kwemikhawulo eshiwo, ngokuvamile engaphansi kwama-microamperes ayi-10 wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.

Ukuze uthole ukunemba kweshaneli yokulinganisa i-analogi nepharamitha, ukumelana nokuhlukaniswa ngokuvamile kufanele kudlule ama-gigaohms angu-10 ukuze kuvinjelwe ukonakala kokulinganisa. Lesi sigaba sokuhlola sibonakala sibaluleke kakhulu kumabhodi esignali axubile athwala womabili amasekhethi abashayeli bamandla aphezulu namashaneli okulinganisa abucayi.

I-Capacitance kanye ne-Impedance Measurement

Imishini yokuhlaziya isizinda sesikhathi kanye ne-vector network ilinganisa i-impedance ephawulekayo ezindleleni ezibalulekile zesignali ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela ezicacisweni zomklamo. I-traces ene-single-end eqondiswe ku-impedance engu-50-ohm kanye nama-differential pairs acacisiwe ku-90 noma ku-100 ohms idinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali kuma-frequency okusebenza.

Izilinganiso zamandla zikhomba ukuhlangana kwe-parasitic okweqile phakathi kokulandelelwa kanye nokulinganisa imiphumela yokulayisha ekuxhumaneni kwedijithali okunesivinini esikhulu. Ukuchezuka kumanani okuvimba okuqondiwe kukhombisa izinkinga ezingaba khona zokubonisa isignali noma umkhawulokudonsa onganele wohlelo oluhlosiwe.

Ukuhlolwa Kokuqinisekisa Okusebenzayo

Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lesistimu kufakwa ukuhlanganisa kwe-PCB okuqediwe kuhlaka oluyinhloko lwe-ATE ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokuhlola. Lesi sigaba sokuqinisekisa sisebenzisa konke ukuxhumana okusetshenziswayo, siqinisekisa ubudlelwano besikhathi phakathi kwamasignali, futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi liphendula ngendlela efanele kumiyalo yezinsimbi. Ukuqinisekisa okusebenzayo kubamba izinkinga zokuhlanganisa ezingakwazi ukuzibona ukuhlolwa kukagesi kuphela, njengezinkinga zokusebenzisana kwesofthiwe noma ukushiyeka kokuphathwa kokushisa okuvela kuphela phakathi nokusebenza okunwetshiwe.

Amazinga Wokuhlola we-ATE PCB kanye Nokuhambisana

I-IPC Standards

Izinga lokufaneleka le-IPC-6012 lisungula izidingo zokusebenza zamabhodi aphrintiwe aqinile, okuhlanganisa:

• Isikhala samakhondatha kanye nemvume - Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kukagesi phakathi kwamathrekhi kuvimbela ukuphuka kwamandla kagesi futhi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuhlukaniswa.
• Ikhwalithi yembobo kanye nokuqina kwe-plating - Ubuqotho bomgqomo wembobo kanye nokucaciswa kokuqina kwethusi kuqinisekisa ukwethenjwa ngokuxhuma.
• Izimfuneko zokuqeda ubuso - Imininingwane yokugqoka igcina i-solderability futhi ivimbela i-oxidation eyehlisa ukumelana nokuxhumana.

I-IPC-9252 ichaza izinqubo zokuhlola ugesi ikakhulukazi amabhodi angagcwali, amboze ukuqinisekiswa kokuqhubeka, ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa, kanye nesilinganiso samandla e-dielectric ephezulu. Izindlela zokuhlola ze-IPC-TM-650 zihlinzeka ngezinqubo ezinemininingwane zokulinganisa ukumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation, ukumelana nendawo, kanye nezakhiwo ezingaguquki ze-dielectric.

I-ATE-Specific and Customer Standards

Abakhiqizi bemishini yokuhlola abakhulu bagcina ukucaciswa kokuphathelene okwengeza izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zomkhakha nezimfuneko ezibhekana nezakhiwo zabo zesistimu. Lawa mazinga ngokuvamile achaza imingcele eyamukelekayo kuhlanganise:

• Ukubekezelelana kwesiginali - Umehluko omkhulu wesikhathi phakathi kwamashaneli, ngokuvamile angaphansi kwama-picosecond angama-50-100 wokusebenza okuvumelanisiwe.
• Imikhawulo yokulahlekelwa kokufaka - Ukunciphisa isignali esiphezulu kumaza okusebenza, ngokuvamile acaciswa njenge -1dB kuya ku-3dB kuye ngebanga lefrikhwensi.
• Izidingo ze-cross-talk margin - Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane phakathi kwamashaneli aseduze ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka, ngokuvamile -40dB noma okungcono kumaza okusebenza.

Abahlinzeki bebhodi le -interface kumele baqonde lezi zidingo eziqondene nomkhiqizi futhi bafake izinqubo zokuhlola ezihambisanayo kumaphrothokholi abo okuhlola i-ATE PCB.

Amazinga Wokuhlola Ukwethembeka

Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yemvelo kulandela izindlela ze-JEDEC JESD22 noma i-MIL-STD-883 zokuqinisekisa ukuqina komshini nokokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokuhamba ngebhayisikili eliphakathi kuka -55°C kanye +125°C lidalula ubuthakathaka obuhlangene be-solder nokungahambelani kwezinto okungase kubangele ukwehluleka kwenkambu.

Ukuhlolwa kokukhipha isixhumi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana komshini kumelana nemijikelezo yokukhwelana engama-50 kuye kwengama-500 ngaphandle kokuwohloka, kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka komswakamo ku-85°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-85% kuqinisekisa ukumelana nomswakama wezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezimbozwe.

Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kokuqinisekisa Okusebenzayo Kokuhlolwa kwe-ATE PCB

Ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-ATE PCB kulandela ukulandelana okuhleliwe okudizayinelwe ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bukagesi, ukwethembeka komshini, nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kumasistimu okuhlola:

1. Ukuhlola ugesi webhodi elingenalutho - Iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwesifunda kanye nokuhlukaniswa ngaphambi komhlangano, iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okuvula noma izikhindi ezikhona ku-PCB eyenziwe. Ukuthola lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi kunciphisa izindleko zokuphinda kusebenze futhi kuvimbela ukukhubazeka okucashile ezigabeni zakamuva.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Optical kanye ne-microscopic - Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo (i-AOI) kanye nokubuyekezwa kwe-microscopic kuthola ukukhubazeka okufana nokuklwebheka, ukungahambi kahle, noma ukungcola kwangaphandle. Imiphumela iqhathaniswa nayo IPC-A-610 amazinga omsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwamalunga e-solder - Ngemuva kokubekwa kwengxenye nokugeleza kabusha, ukucabanga kwe-X-ray kuqinisekisa ubuqotho obuhlangene bomthengisi kuma-BGA, ama-QFN, nokunye ukuxhuma okufihliwe, ukuhlonza ama-voids noma ibhuloho elingabonakali ekuhlolweni kokubona.
4. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kwamandla - Isiteji sokuqala esinamandla sihlola ama-voltage rails, ukudonsa kwamanje, nokuzinza kwesilawuli ngaphambi kokufaka amasignali okuhlola asebenzayo. Lesi sinyathelo sivimbela ukucindezela kwengxenye ngenxa yamaphutha wamandla noma amanethi amafushane.
5. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesistimu engaphansi okwandayo - Ibhlokhi ngayinye yesifunda-njengamashaneli esixhumi esibonakalayo, ingqondo yokulawula, nezindlela zokulinganisa-iqinisekiswa ngayinye. Ama-vector asebenzayo asetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikhathi sesiginali, ukufaniswa kwe-impedance, nokuzinza kokuxhumana ngaphambi kokusebenza okugcwele kwesistimu.
6. Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka kwemvelo - Amabhodi ahlanganiswe ngokuphelele athola amaphrofayili wengcindezi asheshisiwe afaka ukugijima kwamabhayisikili, ukushaqeka okushisayo, nokuhlolwa kokudlidliza. Lezi zinqubo zembula izindlela zokuhluleka zangaphambi kwesikhathi ezifana nokukhathala kwe-solder, i-delamination, noma ukuwohloka kwezinto.
7. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa kwekhwalithi kokugcina - Ukuhlolwa kabusha kukagesi kwangemva kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imingcele yokusebenza ihlala ngaphakathi kokucaciswa. Inqubo iphetha ngokubhalwa kwedatha yokuhlola kanye namarekhodi okulandeleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela kokubili i-IPC namazinga aqondene nekhasimende.

Ndawonye, ​​lezi zigaba zokuqinisekisa zisungula ukuzethemba okugcwele kubuqotho bukagesi nemishini yama-ATE PCB ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zokuhlola. Isigaba ngasinye sihambisana nezimboni ezichaziwe kanye namazinga amakhasimende, okwenza isisekelo sokuqinisekiswa okuphelele kokuthotshelwa kwemithetho esigabeni esilandelayo seziqu.

Ukubhalwa nokulandeleka ekuhlolweni kwe-ATE PCB

Yonke inhlangano ye-ATE PCB iphatha imibhalo yokuhlola ephelele erekhoda amanani okulinganisa, ekhomba noma yiziphi izenzo zokulungisa, futhi ibhale umlando wokuchayeka kwemvelo. Ukulandelela izinombolo ze-serial kuvumela ukuhlobana phakathi kokusebenza kwenkambu kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhiqiza, kusekela imizamo yokuthuthukisa eqhubekayo kanye nophenyo lokuhlaziya ukwehluleka.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu ezindaweni zokuhlola i-semiconductor ngokuvamile zidinga amarekhodi agcwele wozalo ahlanganisa:

• Ukulandeleka kokubalulekile - Amadokhumenti axhumanisa izinto ezingavuthiwe nezitifiketi zomphakeli namakhodi enkatho.
• Amarekhodi epharamitha yokucubungula - Amaphrofayili wesikhathi sokushisa wesikhathi sokushisa, imijikelezo yokwelapha yokumboza, nezilungiselelo zengcindezi yokufakelwa i-lamination.
• Hlola idatha yokulinganisa - Ukufundwa komuntu ngamunye kokuqhubeka, ukuhlukaniswa, i-impedance, kanye namapharamitha wokusebenza okusebenzayo.
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa - Okutholakele ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo, izithombe ze-X-ray, nedatha ye-optical scan enezinqumo zokwenqaba.

Hlola amasistimu okuphatha idatha afaka kungobo yomlando imiphumela yokulinganisa futhi agcine amashadi okulawula inqubo yezibalo aqapha amathrendi okukhiqiza. Ukuqhathanisa okuzenzakalelayo ngokumelene nemikhawulo yokucaciswa kuhlaba umkhosi izilinganiso ze-marginal ngaphambi kokuthi zibe izinkinga zesivuno.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola okuphelele kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ATE PCB ahlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezinzima zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor. Kusukela ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka ngokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwemvelo, isigaba ngasinye sokuqinisekisa sinikela ngedatha ebalulekile mayelana nekhwalithi yebhodi nokwethembeka. Ukunamathela kumazinga e-IPC asunguliwe kuhlanganiswe nezimfuneko eziqondene nomkhiqizi kudala uhlaka oluqinile lwamabhodi okuhlola afanelekile.

I-Highleap Electronics inikeza izixazululo eziphelele zokwenziwa nokuhlolwa kwe-ATE PCB ngamakhono aphelele afaka:

• Izinsizakalo zokuqinisekisa ugesi - Ukuqhubeka, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-impedance kusetshenziswa okokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besiginali.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwemvelo - Ukuhamba ngamabhayisikili okushisa, ukushaqeka okushisayo, nokuchayeka komswakamo kulandela izivumelwano ze-JEDEC ne-MIL-STD.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinga lesistimu - Ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa nezinkundla ezinkulu ze-ATE ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kokusebenza.
• Amadokhumenti okulandeleka okugcwele - Ukulandela inombolo ye-serial kanye namarekhodi okuhlola aphelele ahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi yekhasimende.

Xhumana nethimba lethu lobunjiniyela ukuze nixoxe ngezidingo zokuqinisekisa zephrojekthi yakho elandelayo yebhodi le-interface le-ATE noma ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwebhodi lesampula kanye nokufaneleka.